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Trends in Plant Science Nov 2016Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones, described as regulators of plant growth and development. Recently, it was proposed that these hormones might also be involved in... (Review)
Review
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones, described as regulators of plant growth and development. Recently, it was proposed that these hormones might also be involved in the biotic stress response. However, SLs do not have a universal role in plant protection, instead only playing a part in resistance to specific pathogens.
Topics: Lactones; Models, Biological; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants
PubMed: 27615727
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.010 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Feb 2012Ten years after the first overview of a complete plant Hsf family was presented for Arabidopsis thaliana by Nover et al. [1], we compiled data for 252 Hsfs from nine... (Review)
Review
Ten years after the first overview of a complete plant Hsf family was presented for Arabidopsis thaliana by Nover et al. [1], we compiled data for 252 Hsfs from nine plant species (five eudicots and four monocots) with complete or almost complete genome sequences. The new data set provides interesting insights into phylogenetic relationships within the Hsf family in plants and allows the refinement of their classification into distinct groups. Numerous publications over the last decade document the diversification and functional interaction of Hsfs as well as their integration into the complex stress signaling and response networks of plants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant gene regulation in response to abiotic stress.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; DNA-Binding Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Heat Shock Transcription Factors; Heat-Shock Proteins; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 22033015
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.10.002 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2018Programmed cell death (PCD) is a controlled mechanism that eliminates specific cells under developmental or environmental stimuli. All organisms-from bacteria to... (Review)
Review
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a controlled mechanism that eliminates specific cells under developmental or environmental stimuli. All organisms-from bacteria to multicellular eukaryotes-have the ability to induce PCD in selected cells. Although this process was first identified in plants, the interest in deciphering the signaling pathways leading to PCD strongly increased when evidence came to light that PCD may be involved in several human diseases. In plants, PCD activation ensures the correct occurrence of growth and developmental processes, among which embryogenesis and differentiation of tracheary elements. PCD is also part of the defense responses activated by plants against environmental stresses, both abiotic and biotic.This chapter gives an overview of the roles of PCD in plants as well as the problems arising in classifying different kinds of PCD according to defined biochemical and cellular markers, and in comparison with the various types of PCD occurring in mammal cells. The importance of understanding PCD signaling pathways, with their elicitors and effectors, in order to improve plant productivity and resistance to environmental stresses is also taken into consideration.
Topics: Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Disease Resistance; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development; Plant Diseases; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 29332281
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7668-3_1 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Aug 2019Sulfated peptides are plant hormones that are active at nanomolar concentrations. The sulfation at one or more tyrosine residues is catalysed by tyrosylprotein... (Review)
Review
Sulfated peptides are plant hormones that are active at nanomolar concentrations. The sulfation at one or more tyrosine residues is catalysed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), which is encoded by a single-copy gene. The sulfate group is provided by the co-substrate 3´-phosphoadenosine 5´-phosphosulfate (PAPS), which links synthesis of sulfated signaling peptides to sulfur metabolism. The precursor proteins share a conserved DY-motif that is implicated in specifying tyrosine sulfation. Several sulfated peptides undergo additional modification such as hydroxylation of proline and glycosylation of hydroxyproline. The modifications render the secreted signaling molecules active and stable. Several sulfated signaling peptides have been shown to be perceived by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) but have signaling pathways that, for the most part, are yet to be elucidated. Sulfated peptide hormones regulate growth and a wide variety of developmental processes, and intricately modulate immunity to pathogens. While basic research on sulfated peptides has made steady progress, their potential in agricultural and pharmaceutical applications has yet to be explored.
Topics: Peptide Hormones; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Proteins; Plants; Sulfates
PubMed: 31231771
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz292 -
Sub-cellular Biochemistry 2016The epidermis has a strategic position at the interface between the plant and the environment. In order to control exchanges with the environment as well as to protect... (Review)
Review
The epidermis has a strategic position at the interface between the plant and the environment. In order to control exchanges with the environment as well as to protect the plant from external threats, the epidermis synthesises and secretes surface lipids to form a continuous, transparent and hydrophobic layer known as the cuticle. Cuticle formation is a strictly epidermal property in plants and all aerial epidermal cells produce some sort of cuticle on their surface. Conversely, all cuticularized plant surfaces are of epidermal origin. This seemingly anodyne observation has surprisingly profound implications in terms of understanding the function of the plant cuticle, since it underlies in part, the difficultly of functionally separating epidermal cell fate specification from cuticle biogenesis.
Topics: Cell Lineage; Gene Expression Regulation; Lipid Metabolism; Mutation; Plant Development; Plants; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 27023240
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25979-6_12 -
Physiologia Plantarum Apr 2021Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease... (Review)
Review
Plants being sessile have evolved numerous mechanisms to meet the changing environmental and growth conditions. Plant pathogens are responsible for devastating disease epidemics in many species. Transporter proteins are an integral part of plant growth and development, and several studies have documented their role in pathogen disease resistance. In this review, we analyze the studies on genome-wide identifications of plant transporters like sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), and sugar transport proteins (STPs), all having a significant role in plant disease resistance. The mechanism of action of these transporters, their solute specificity, and the potential application of recent molecular biology approaches deploying these transporters for the development of disease-resistant plants are also discussed. The applications of genome editing tools, such as CRIPSR/Cas9, are also presented. Altogether the information included in this article gives a better understanding of the role of transporter proteins during plant-pathogen interaction.
Topics: Disease Resistance; Humans; Membrane Transport Proteins; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 33639002
DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13377 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2015DNA barcoding uses specific regions of DNA in order to identify species. Initiatives are taking place around the world to generate DNA barcodes for all groups of living...
DNA barcoding uses specific regions of DNA in order to identify species. Initiatives are taking place around the world to generate DNA barcodes for all groups of living organisms and to make these data publically available in order to help understand, conserve, and utilize the world's biodiversity. For land plants the core DNA barcode markers are two sections of coding regions within the chloroplast, part of the genes, rbcL and matK. In order to create high quality databases, each plant that is DNA barcoded needs to have a herbarium voucher that accompanies the rbcL and matK DNA sequences. The quality of the DNA sequences, the primers used, and trace files should also be accessible to users of the data. Multiple individuals should be DNA barcoded for each species in order to check for errors and allow for intraspecific variation. The world's herbaria provide a rich resource of already preserved and identified material and these can be used for DNA barcoding as well as by collecting fresh samples from the wild. These protocols describe the whole DNA barcoding process, from the collection of plant material from the wild or from the herbarium, how to extract and amplify the DNA, and how to check the quality of the data after sequencing.
Topics: DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; DNA, Plant; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Information Systems; Plants; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Specimen Handling; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 25373752
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1966-6_8 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Sep 2016Eukaryotic membranes contain small amounts of lipids with regulatory roles. An important class of such regulatory lipids are phosphoinositides (PIs). Within membranes,... (Review)
Review
Eukaryotic membranes contain small amounts of lipids with regulatory roles. An important class of such regulatory lipids are phosphoinositides (PIs). Within membranes, PIs serve as recruitment signals, as regulators of membrane protein function or as precursors for second messenger production, thereby influencing a multitude of cellular processes with key importance for plant function and development. Plant PIs occur locally and transiently within membrane microdomains, and their abundance is strictly controlled. To understand the functions of the plant PI-network it is important to understand not only downstream PI-effects, but also to identify and characterize factors contributing to dynamic PI formation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
Topics: Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Phosphatidylinositols; Plants; Second Messenger Systems; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26924252
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.013 -
Biomolecules Dec 2023Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are... (Review)
Review
Plant peptides are a new frontier in plant biology, owing to their key regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Synthetic peptides are promising biological agents that can be used to improve crop growth and protection in an environmentally sustainable manner. Plant regulatory peptides identified in pioneering research, including systemin, PSK, HypSys, RALPH, Pep1, CLV3, TDIF, CLE, and RGF/GLV/CLEL, hold promise for crop improvement as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics are greatly facilitating the discovery and identification of new plant peptides. The biological functions of most novel plant peptides remain to be elucidated. Bioassays are an essential part in studying the biological activity of identified and putative plant peptides. Root growth assays and cultivated plant cell cultures are widely used to evaluate the regulatory potential of plant peptides during growth, differentiation, and stress reactions. These bioassays can be used as universal approaches for screening peptides from different plant species. Development of high-throughput bioassays can facilitate the screening of large numbers of identified and putative plant peptides, which have recently been discovered but remain uncharacterized for biological activity.
Topics: Peptides; Plants; Plant Development; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 38136666
DOI: 10.3390/biom13121795 -
Natural Product Reports Jul 2022Covering: up to March 2022Plants are a unique source of complex specialized metabolites, many of which play significant roles in human society. In many cases, however,... (Review)
Review
Covering: up to March 2022Plants are a unique source of complex specialized metabolites, many of which play significant roles in human society. In many cases, however, the availability of these metabolites from naturally occurring sources fails to meet current demands. Thus, there is much interest in expanding the production capacity of target plant molecules. Traditionally, plant breeding, chemical synthesis, and microbial fermentation are considered the primary routes towards large scale production of natural products. Here, we explore the advances, challenges, and future of plant engineering as a complementary path. Although plants are an integral part of our food and agricultural systems and sustain an extensive array of chemical constituents, their complex genetics and physiology have prevented the optimal exploitation of plants as a production chassis. We highlight emerging engineering tools and scientific advances developed in recent years that have improved the prospects of using plants as a sustainable and scalable production platform. We also discuss technological limitations and overall economic outlook of plant-based production of natural products.
Topics: Agriculture; Biological Products; Humans; Plants
PubMed: 35674317
DOI: 10.1039/d2np00017b