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Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Oct 2020Pimelea poisoning of cattle, historically known as St. George Disease or Marree Disease, is a prevailing issue in arid grazing regions of inland Australia. Ingestion of... (Review)
Review
Pimelea poisoning of cattle, historically known as St. George Disease or Marree Disease, is a prevailing issue in arid grazing regions of inland Australia. Ingestion of the toxic native Pimelea species that contain the secondary metabolite simplexin, a diterpene orthoester with potent protein kinase C activity, induces diarrhoea, characteristic oedema and potentially fatal right-sided heart failure in cattle. Outbreaks of toxic Pimelea in the grazing field depend on seasonal prevalence. However, all stages of the plant carry the toxin, from seeds, juvenile plants to dead plant material. Livestock generally avoid consuming green Pimelea plants and only consume toxic Pimelea when pasture is minimal or where Pimelea growing through grass tussocks results in inadvertent ingestion. Our knowledge base of Pimelea poisoning has greatly improved with past research, yet the health hazards for livestock grazing in Pimelea affected pastures remains a significant issue whilst the ongoing search to develop effective strategies to mitigate poisoning continues. The goal of this review is to collate historical and recent research giving an overview of the current understandings of Pimelea poisoning, the toxin, its toxic effects and progress made towards remedies to alleviate the effects of Pimelea intoxication.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Diterpenes; Livestock; Plant Poisoning; Terpenes; Thymelaeaceae; Toxins, Biological
PubMed: 32730770
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.023 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Mar 2002A variety of plants, seeds, and nuts can cause toxicosis in small animals. Some plants are not as toxic as commonly believed by the general public. Conversely, plants or... (Review)
Review
A variety of plants, seeds, and nuts can cause toxicosis in small animals. Some plants are not as toxic as commonly believed by the general public. Conversely, plants or nuts that are consumed by human beings can be toxic to their pets. Most plant toxins do not have specific treatments or antidotes. As a result, treatment is often limited to decontamination plus symptomatic and supportive care.
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Plant Poisoning; Plants
PubMed: 12012742
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(01)00006-7 -
PloS One 2023Reliable identification of plant species in the digestive tract of a deceased animal often represents the major key to diagnose a lethal intoxication with poisonous...
Reliable identification of plant species in the digestive tract of a deceased animal often represents the major key to diagnose a lethal intoxication with poisonous plants in veterinary pathology. In many cases, identification of the species is challenging or even impossible because the diagnostic morphological features have been degraded, and because the interpretation of such features requires a considerable expertise in plant anatomy and biodiversity. The use of DNA barcoding markers can support or even replace classical morphological assessment. While these markers have been widely used for plant taxonomy, their forensic application to clarify causes of animal poisoning is novel. In addition, we use specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms as fingerprints. This allows for a clear decision even in cases, where the conventionally used statistical e-values remain ambiguous. In the current work, we explore the feasibility of this strategy in a couple of exemplary cases, either in concert with anatomical diagnostics, or in cases where visual species identification is not possible, or where chemical toxin detection methods are not well established, complex, time consuming and expensive.
Topics: Animals; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; DNA; Plants, Toxic; Plant Poisoning; Forensic Medicine; Genetic Markers; DNA, Plant; Mammals
PubMed: 37967132
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292275 -
Chudoku Kenkyu : Chudoku Kenkyukai Jun... Jun 2013
Review
Topics: Aconitine; Aconitum; Biomarkers; Humans; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 23855240
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Feb 1995Significant toxicity can result from ingestion of certain species of the Zigadenus plant, an herb occasionally confused with nontoxic wild onions. A 50-year-old man...
Significant toxicity can result from ingestion of certain species of the Zigadenus plant, an herb occasionally confused with nontoxic wild onions. A 50-year-old man inadvertently ingested Z paniculatus and presented to the emergency department with profound gastrointestinal toxicity, hypotension, and bradycardia. The pathophysiology and management of Zigadenus poisoning are reviewed. Emergency physicians, particularly in rural areas, should be aware of the morbidity caused by ingestion of some Zigadenus species.
Topics: Emergencies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Southwestern United States
PubMed: 7832360
DOI: 10.1016/s0196-0644(95)70336-5 -
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine Mar 2016The American Association of Poison Control Centers has continued to report approximately 50,000 telephone calls or 8% of incoming calls annually related to plant... (Review)
Review
The American Association of Poison Control Centers has continued to report approximately 50,000 telephone calls or 8% of incoming calls annually related to plant exposures, mostly in children. Although the frequency of plant ingestions in children is related to the presence of popular species in households, adolescents may experiment with hallucinogenic plants; and trekkers and foragers may misidentify poisonous plants as edible. Since plant exposures have continued at a constant rate, the objectives of this review were (1) to review the epidemiology of plant poisonings; and (2) to propose a rapid toxidromic classification system for highly toxic plant ingestions for field use by first responders in comparison to current classification systems. Internet search engines were queried to identify and select peer-reviewed articles on plant poisonings using the key words in order to classify plant poisonings into four specific toxidromes: cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic, and gastrointestinal-hepatotoxic. A simple toxidromic classification system of plant poisonings may permit rapid diagnoses of highly toxic versus less toxic and nontoxic plant ingestions both in households and outdoors; direct earlier management of potentially serious poisonings; and reduce costly inpatient evaluations for inconsequential plant ingestions. The current textbook classification schemes for plant poisonings were complex in comparison to the rapid classification system; and were based on chemical nomenclatures and pharmacological effects, and not on clearly presenting toxidromes. Validation of the rapid toxidromic classification system as compared to existing chemical classification systems for plant poisonings will require future adoption and implementation of the toxidromic system by its intended users.
Topics: Emergency Medicine; Humans; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic
PubMed: 26948561
DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.11.006 -
Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen... 2011Approximately ten species of dangerously poisonous plants are found in Finland. Severe plant poisonings are very rare. Edible plants eaten raw or wrongly processed may... (Review)
Review
Approximately ten species of dangerously poisonous plants are found in Finland. Severe plant poisonings are very rare. Edible plants eaten raw or wrongly processed may cause severe symptoms. As first aid, activated charcoal should be given to the person who has eaten a plant causing a risk of significant poisoning. In case of exposure to topically irritating plant fluids, the exposed person's eyes must be irrigated and mouth or skin washed with copious amounts of water. In combination with solar UV radiation, light-sensitizing plants cause local burns. The diagnosis of plant poisoning is usually based on incidental information; the plant should be identified in order to make the correct treatment decisions.
Topics: Burns, Chemical; Charcoal; Eye Injuries; Finland; Humans; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 21834345
DOI: No ID Found -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Sep 2018
Topics: Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Plant Poisoning; Symphoricarpos
PubMed: 30032925
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2018.06.003 -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Oct 2022Cestrum axillare poisoning causes significant economic losses in farms of ruminant production due to a fatal acute hepatic disease. The consumption of C. axillare occurs...
Cestrum axillare poisoning causes significant economic losses in farms of ruminant production due to a fatal acute hepatic disease. The consumption of C. axillare occurs on farms or pastures with a scarcity of feed or with dry forage. Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of poisoning outbreaks by C. axillare from 1953 to 2021 in grazing ruminants in southeastern Brazil are reported. A total of 68 bovines, two buffaloes, and two goats exhibited clinical signs and resulted in death due to C. axillare consumption, with 79% of the cases occurring during the dry period. Clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, ruminal arrest, arched back, and constipation with hard stools, sometimes with blood or mucus. Cases with neurological signs due to hepatic encephalopathy showed excitement, aggressiveness, drooling, staggering, and muscle tremors. The pathological findings included hepatocellular necrosis in the liver and microcavitations in the brain's white matter (status spongiosus). The hepatotoxins, carboxyparquin and parquin, were detected in C. axillare leaf samples collected from paddocks grazed by cattle in three southeastern Brazilian municipalities where outbreaks of C. axillare poisoning occurred. This is the first report of parquin and carboxyparquin in C. axillare.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Cestrum; Goats; Liver Diseases; Plant Poisoning; Ruminants; Solanaceae
PubMed: 36115412
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.005 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Sep 2014Hybanthus calceolaria, also known as "papaconha" or "ipepacuanha," is a herbaceous plant found in northeastern Brazil, which is often implicated by farmers as the cause...
Hybanthus calceolaria, also known as "papaconha" or "ipepacuanha," is a herbaceous plant found in northeastern Brazil, which is often implicated by farmers as the cause of neurological signs in livestock grazing. Several poisoning outbreaks associated with the ingestion of this plant were observed in cattle in the municipalities of Colônia de Gurguéia in the state of Piauí and Sirinhaém in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The main clinical signs were ataxia, recumbency, and myokymia. No significant lesions were observed during necropsy or on histological examination. The disease was experimentally reproduced by the administration of 2 daily doses of 40 g/kg/body weight of the fresh green plant containing fruits. The plants without fruits were nontoxic, which is in accordance with the farmers' information, as it was stated that the poisoning only occurs when the plant is fruiting.
Topics: Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Outbreaks; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Violaceae
PubMed: 25085870
DOI: 10.1177/1040638714544685