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Zeitschrift Fur Allgemeinmedizin Dec 1970
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Germany, West; Humans; Male; Plant Poisoning; Rural Health
PubMed: 5508144
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Veterinary Journal Jul 1966
Topics: Animals; Australia; Climate; Horse Diseases; Horses; Liver; Plant Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 6007744
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1966.tb04711.x -
Toxicon : Official Journal of the... Sep 2010Nerium oleander (common oleander) and Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) are potentially lethal plants after ingestion. Poisoning by these plants is a common... (Review)
Review
Nerium oleander (common oleander) and Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander) are potentially lethal plants after ingestion. Poisoning by these plants is a common toxicological emergency in tropical and subtropical parts of the world and intentional self-harm using T. peruviana is prevalent in South Asian countries, especially India and Sri Lanka. All parts of these plants are toxic, and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides including neriifolin, thevetin A, thevetin B, and oleandrin. Ingestion of either oleander results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, dysrhythmias, and hyperkalemia. In most cases, clinical management of poisoning by either N. oleander or T. peruviana involves administration of activated charcoal and supportive care. Digoxin specific Fab fragments are an effective treatment of acute intoxication by either species. However, where limited economic resources restrict the use of such Fab fragments, treatment of severely poisoned patients is difficult. Data from case reports and clinical studies were reviewed to identify treatments supported by evidence for the management of poisoning by N. oleander and T. peruviana.
Topics: Humans; Nerium; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic
PubMed: 20438743
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.03.026 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Aug 1982
Review
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Australia; Brain; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Swainsonine
PubMed: 6816206
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02716.x -
Anales Espanoles de Pediatria Jan 1990We present a 7 boys Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) intoxication. Three of them showed neurological symptoms, including coma. All of them showed gastrointestinal...
We present a 7 boys Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) intoxication. Three of them showed neurological symptoms, including coma. All of them showed gastrointestinal symptomatology. Evolution was satisfactory in all of them. A bibliographic revision is done.
Topics: Acacia; Antidotes; Child; Gastric Lavage; Humans; Male; Plant Poisoning; Plants, Toxic
PubMed: 2327667
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2016Vernonia plantaginoides (Less.) Hieron, previously known as Vernonia squarrosa, is a rhizomatous subshrub with purple flowers that is prevalent in the natural grassland...
Vernonia plantaginoides (Less.) Hieron, previously known as Vernonia squarrosa, is a rhizomatous subshrub with purple flowers that is prevalent in the natural grassland of Uruguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. We report an outbreak of V. plantaginoides (yuyo moro) intoxication in sheep in Treinta y Tres Department, northeastern Uruguay. A total of 54 of 463 (12%) recently weaned lambs died 2-7 days after entering a natural pasture that had been invaded by sprouting V. plantaginoides The first cases were found dead. Affected lambs showed marked jaundice, edema of the face, ears, and eyelids, and severe photodermatitis. At the autopsies of 3 lambs, the carcass was yellow, the liver was enlarged with a marked acinar pattern ("nutmeg liver"), and hemorrhages were observed on serous membranes. Microscopic lesions were characterized by diffuse periacinar hepatocellular necrosis and cholemic nephrosis. Three female lambs were experimentally dosed with the aerial parts of V. plantaginoides collected immediately after the outbreak. The lamb that was dosed once with 40 g/kg body weight died after 36 h with severe hepatic necrosis. The lamb dosed with 20 g/kg daily for 4 days showed clinical signs and microscopic lesions in the liver with multiple apoptotic hepatocytes in the periacinar zone. The third lamb, dosed with 30, 17, and 15 g/kg daily over 3 days, respectively, showed transient clinical signs and a rise in liver enzymes, but recovered, and no lesions were found postmortem. These results demonstrate that V. plantaginoides was responsible for severe field outbreaks of poisoning in sheep in Uruguay.
Topics: Animals; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Plant Poisoning; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Uruguay; Vernonia
PubMed: 27240570
DOI: 10.1177/1040638716651468 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Sep 2004One of the most poisonous species amongst higher plants is Conium maculatum. It is a very common nitrophile weed species, belonging to the Apiaceae (formerly... (Review)
Review
One of the most poisonous species amongst higher plants is Conium maculatum. It is a very common nitrophile weed species, belonging to the Apiaceae (formerly Umbelliferae) family. It contains some piperidine alkaloids (coniine, N-methyl-coniine, conhydrine, pseudoconhydrine, gamma-coniceine), which are formed by the cyclisation of an eight-carbon chain derived from four acetate units. gamma-Coniceine is the precursor of the other hemlock alkaloids. All vegetative organs, flowers and fruits contain alkaloids. The concentrations (both absolute and relative) of the different alkaloids depend on plant varieties, on ecological conditions and on the age of the plant. The characteristic biological effects of the plants are summarised on cattle, sheep, goat, swine, rabbit, elk, birds and insects and the symptoms of the human toxicosis (some cases of poisonings) are discussed according to the literature data. The general symptoms of hemlock poisoning are effects on nervous system (stimulation followed by paralysis of motor nerve endings and CNS stimulation and later depression), vomiting, trembling, problems in movement, slow and weak later rapid pulse, rapid respiration, salivation, urination, nausea, convulsions, coma and death.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Conium; Humans; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 15234067
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.009 -
Journal of Emergency Nursing 1979
Topics: Child; First Aid; Humans; Plant Poisoning; Plants; United States
PubMed: 372649
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Natural Toxins Feb 1999Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are toxic plants that contain numerous diterpenoid alkaloids which occur as one of two structural types: (1) lycotonine, and (2)... (Review)
Review
Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are toxic plants that contain numerous diterpenoid alkaloids which occur as one of two structural types: (1) lycotonine, and (2) 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL-type). Among the lycoctonine type alkaloids are three N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL-type) alkaloids which appear to be most toxic: methyllycaconitine (MLA), 14-deacetylnudicauline (DAN), and nudicauline. An ester function at C-18 is an important structural requirement for toxicity. Intoxication results from neuromuscular paralysis, as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the muscle and brain are blocked by toxic alkaloids. Clinical signs include labored breathing, rapid and irregular heartbeat, muscular weakness, and collapse. Toxic alkaloid concentration generally declines in tall larkspurs with maturation, but alkaloid concentration varies over years and from plant to plant, and is of little use for predicting consumption by cattle. Knowledge of toxic alkaloid concentration is valuable for management purposes when cattle begin to eat larkspur. Cattle generally begin consuming tall larkspur after flowering racemes are elongated, and consumption increases as larkspur matures. Weather is also a major factor in cattle consumption, as cattle tend to eat more larkspur during or just after summer storms. Management options that may be useful for livestock producers include conditioning cattle to avoid larkspur (food aversion learning), grazing tall larkspur ranges before flowering (early grazing) and after seed shatter (late grazing), grazing sheep before cattle, herbicidal control of larkspur plants, and drug therapy for intoxicated animals. Some potentially fruitful research avenues include examining alkaloid chemistry in low and plains larkspurs, developing immunologic methods for analyzing larkspur alkaloids, developing drug therapy, and devising grazing regimes specifically for low and plains larkspur.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Cattle; Paralysis; Plant Poisoning; Plants; Seasons; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 10091130
DOI: No ID Found -
The Veterinary Record Nov 1990
Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Plant Poisoning
PubMed: 2275096
DOI: No ID Found