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Planta Mar 2020The review provides information on the mechanisms underlying the development of spontaneous and pathogen-induced tumors in higher plants. The activation of... (Review)
Review
The review provides information on the mechanisms underlying the development of spontaneous and pathogen-induced tumors in higher plants. The activation of meristem-specific regulators in plant tumors of various origins suggests the meristem-like nature of abnormal plant hyperplasia. Plant tumor formation has more than a century of research history. The study of this phenomenon has led to a number of important discoveries, including the development of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technique and the discovery of horizontal gene transfer from bacteria to plants. There are two main groups of plant tumors: pathogen-induced tumors (e.g., tumors induced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, insects, etc.), and spontaneous ones, which are formed in the absence of any pathogen in plants with certain genotypes (e.g., interspecific hybrids, inbred lines, and mutants). The causes of the transition of plant cells to tumor growth are different from those in animals, and they include the disturbance of phytohormonal balance and the acquisition of meristematic characteristics by differentiated cells. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of most known examples of plant tumors.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Fungi; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Insecta; Meristem; Plant Cells; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Tumors; Viruses
PubMed: 32189080
DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03375-5 -
PloS One Feb 2011The field of synthetic biology promises to revolutionize biotechnology through the design of organisms with novel phenotypes useful for medicine, agriculture and...
The field of synthetic biology promises to revolutionize biotechnology through the design of organisms with novel phenotypes useful for medicine, agriculture and industry. However, a limiting factor is the ability of current methods to assemble complex DNA molecules encoding multiple genetic elements in various predefined arrangements. We present here a hierarchical modular cloning system that allows the creation at will and with high efficiency of any eukaryotic multigene construct, starting from libraries of defined and validated basic modules containing regulatory and coding sequences. This system is based on the ability of type IIS restriction enzymes to assemble multiple DNA fragments in a defined linear order. We constructed a 33 kb DNA molecule containing 11 transcription units made from 44 individual basic modules in only three successive cloning steps. This modular cloning (MoClo) system can be readily automated and will be extremely useful for applications such as gene stacking and metabolic engineering.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Algorithms; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Genetic Engineering; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Plant Tumors; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Research Design; Nicotiana; Transgenes; Validation Studies as Topic
PubMed: 21364738
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016765 -
Advances in Cancer Research 1961
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Plant Tumors; Plants
PubMed: 13872582
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60619-3 -
Progress in Experimental Tumor Research 1972
Review
Topics: Avian Sarcoma Viruses; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cell Differentiation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Hybrid Cells; Molecular Biology; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Tumors; Plant Viruses; Polyomavirus; Simian virus 40
PubMed: 4335261
DOI: 10.1159/000392513 -
Annual Review of Phytopathology 2010Agrobacterium species genetically transform plants by transferring a region of plasmid DNA, T-DNA, into host plant cells. The bacteria also transfer several virulence... (Review)
Review
Agrobacterium species genetically transform plants by transferring a region of plasmid DNA, T-DNA, into host plant cells. The bacteria also transfer several virulence effector proteins. T-DNA and virulence proteins presumably form T-complexes within the plant cell. Super-T-complexes likely also form by interaction of plant-encoded proteins with T-complexes. These protein-nucleic acid complexes traffic through the plant cytoplasm, enter the nucleus, and eventually deliver T-DNA to plant chromatin. Integration of T-DNA into the plant genome establishes a permanent transformation event, permitting stable expression of T-DNA-encoded transgenes. The transformation process is complex and requires participation of numerous plant proteins. This review discusses our current knowledge of plant proteins that contribute to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, the roles these proteins play in the transformation process, and the modern technologies that have been employed to elucidate the cell biology of transformation.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids; Plant Tumors; Plants; Plants, Genetically Modified; Rhizobium; Transformation, Bacterial; Virulence
PubMed: 20337518
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081852 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Sep 1980Crown gall tumors are induced in plants by infection with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Because the tumor induction involves transfer of a portion of the...
Crown gall tumors are induced in plants by infection with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Because the tumor induction involves transfer of a portion of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid DNA from the bacterium to the plant cells, this system is of interest for the study of genetic exchange as well as tumor induction. The boundaries of the transferred DNA (T-DNA) have been cloned from transformed plant cells of tobacco. Detailed mapping with restriction enzymes and nucleotide sequence analysis of two independent clones were used to study the molecular structure of the ends of the T-DNA. One clone contains the two ends of the T-DNA joined together; the other contains one end of the T-DNA joined to repetitive plant DNA sequences. These studies provide direct evidence that the T-DNA can be integrated into the plant genome. In addition, the data suggest that in the plant, T-DNA can be tandemly repeated. Sequence analysis of the junction of crown gall clone 1 reveals several direct repeats as well as an inverted repeat; these structures may be involved in the transfer of the DNA from Agrobacterium to plant cells.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Neoplasm; DNA, Recombinant; Plant Tumors; Plants, Toxic; Plasmids; Recombination, Genetic; Rhizobium; Nicotiana; Transformation, Genetic
PubMed: 6251546
DOI: 10.1126/science.6251546 -
The Journal of Biophysical and... Aug 1959Tumor cell transformation and growth were studied in a plant neoplasm, crown gall of bean, induced by Agrobacterium rubi. Ribose nucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribose nucleic...
Tumor cell transformation and growth were studied in a plant neoplasm, crown gall of bean, induced by Agrobacterium rubi. Ribose nucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), histone, and total protein were estimated by microphotometry of nuclei, nucleoli, and cytoplasm in stained tissue sections. Transformation of normal cells to tumor cells was accompanied by marked increases in ribonucleoprotein content of affected tissues, reaching a maximum 2 to 3 days after inoculation with virulent bacteria. Increased DNA levels were in part associated with increased mitotic frequency, but also with progressive accumulation of nuclei in the higher DNA classes, formed by repeated DNA doubling without intervening reduction by mitosis. Some normal nuclei of the higher DNA classes (with 2, 4, or 8 times the DNA content of diploid nuclei) were reduced to diploid levels by successive cell divisions without intervening DNA synthesis. The normal relation between DNA synthesis and mitosis was thus disrupted in tumor tissue. Nevertheless, clearly defined DNA classes, as found in homologous normal tissues, were maintained in the tumor at all times.
Topics: Animals; Cell Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Deoxyribose; Diploidy; Histones; Humans; Mitosis; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nucleic Acids; Nucleoproteins; Plant Development; Plant Tumors; Plants
PubMed: 13673042
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.6.1.11 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Oct 1978
Review
Topics: Cell Division; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Genes; Plant Tumors; Plasmids; RNA, Neoplasm
PubMed: 365239
DOI: 10.1016/0304-419x(78)90007-0 -
Journal of Chemical Ecology Jul 2014Recently, a renewed interest in cytokinins (CKs) has allowed the characterization of these phytohormones as key regulatory molecules in plant biotic interactions. They... (Review)
Review
Recently, a renewed interest in cytokinins (CKs) has allowed the characterization of these phytohormones as key regulatory molecules in plant biotic interactions. They have been proved to be instrumental in microbe- and insect-mediated plant phenotypes that can be either beneficial or detrimental for the host-plant. In parallel, insect endosymbiotic bacteria have emerged as key players in plant-insect interactions mediating directly or indirectly fundamental aspects of insect nutrition, such as insect feeding efficiency or the ability to manipulate plant physiology to overcome food nutritional imbalances. However, mechanisms that regulate CK production and the role played by insects and their endosymbionts remain largely unknown. Against this backdrop, studies on plant-associated bacteria have revealed fascinating and complex molecular mechanisms that lead to the production of bacterial CKs and the modulation of plant-borne CKs which ultimately result in profound metabolic and morphological plant modifications. This review highlights major strategies used by plant-associated bacteria that impact the CK homeostasis of their host-plant, to raise parallels with strategies used by phytophagous insects and to discuss the possible role played by endosymbiotic bacteria in these CK-mediated plant phenotypes. We hypothesize that insects employ a CK-mix production strategy that manipulates the phytohormonal balance of their host-plant and overtakes plant gene expression causing a metabolic and morphological habitat modification. In addition, insect endosymbiotic bacteria may prove to be instrumental in these manipulations through the production of bacterial CKs, including specific forms that challenge the CK-degrading capacity of the plant (thus ensuring persistent effects) and the CK-mediated plant defenses.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cytokinins; Host-Parasite Interactions; Insecta; Phenotype; Plant Tumors; Plants
PubMed: 24944001
DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0466-5 -
Journal of Insect Physiology Jan 2016Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of... (Review)
Review
Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant tissues within which the insect feeds and grows. Despite decades of research, effectors involved in gall induction and basic mechanisms of gall formation remain unknown. Recent research suggests that some aspects of the plant manipulation shown by gall-inducers may be shared with other insect herbivorous life histories. Here, we illustrate similarities and contrasts by reviewing current knowledge of metabolic and morphological effects induced on plants by gall-inducing and leaf-mining insects, and ask whether leaf-miners can also be considered to be plant reprogrammers. We review key plant functions targeted by various plant reprogrammers, including plant-manipulating insects and nematodes, and functionally characterize insect herbivore-derived effectors to provide a broader understanding of possible mechanisms used in host-plant manipulation. Consequences of plant reprogramming in terms of ecology, coevolution and diversification of plant-manipulating insects are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Herbivory; Host-Parasite Interactions; Insecta; Plant Leaves; Plant Tumors; Plants
PubMed: 26723843
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.12.009