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Trends in Biotechnology Dec 2018CRISPR-Cas13a is an efficient RNA targeting and editing tool characterized recently in prokaryotes. This system can be recruited to engineer resistance against plant RNA... (Review)
Review
CRISPR-Cas13a is an efficient RNA targeting and editing tool characterized recently in prokaryotes. This system can be recruited to engineer resistance against plant RNA viruses and regulate gene expression. We discuss some important achievements in using the CRISPR-Cas13a system to confer resistance against plant RNA viruses.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Disease Resistance; Gene Editing; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Plants, Genetically Modified; RNA Viruses
PubMed: 29903474
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.05.005 -
Cell Apr 1992
Review
Topics: Nucleic Acids; Plant Viral Movement Proteins; Plant Viruses; Protein Binding; Tobacco Mosaic Virus; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 1568243
DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90403-y -
Advances in Virus Research 1977
Review
Topics: Cell Nucleolus; Cell Nucleus; Crystallography; Cytoplasm; Inclusion Bodies, Viral; Plant Viruses; Plants; RNA, Viral; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 324251
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60763-0 -
Analytical Biochemistry Apr 2018Several isothermal techniques for the detection of plant pathogens have been developed with the advent of molecular techniques. Among them, Recombinase Polymerase... (Review)
Review
Several isothermal techniques for the detection of plant pathogens have been developed with the advent of molecular techniques. Among them, Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) is becoming an important technique for the rapid, sensitive and cost-effective detection of plant viruses. The RPA technology has the advantage to be implemented in field-based scenarios because the method requires a minimal sample preparation, and is performed at constant low temperature (37-42 °C). The RPA technique is rapidly becoming a promising tool for use in rapid detection and further diagnostics in plant clinics and monitoring quarantine services. This paper presents a review of studies conducted using RPA for detection/diagnosis of plant viruses with either DNA genomes (Banana bunchy top virus, Bean golden yellow mosaic virus, Tomato mottle virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus) or RNA genomes (Little Cherry virus 2, Plum pox virus and Rose rosette virus).
Topics: DNA, Viral; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Recombinases
PubMed: 29408177
DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.021 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Jun 2019Small RNAs (sRNA) are reported to play pivotal roles in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during growth, development, and stress... (Review)
Review
Small RNAs (sRNA) are reported to play pivotal roles in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during growth, development, and stress response in plants. Recently, the involvement of two different classes of sRNAs namely, miRNAs (microRNAs), and siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) in biotic stress response has been underlined. Notably, during virus infection, these sRNAs deploy antiviral defense by regulating the gene expression of the modulators of host defense pathways. As a counter defense, viruses have evolved strategic pathways involving the production of suppressors that interfere with the host silencing machinery. This molecular arms race between the sophisticated gene regulatory mechanism of host plants fine-tuned by sRNAs and the defense response exhibited by the virus has gained much attention among the researchers. So far, several reports have been published showing the mechanistic insights on sRNA-regulated defense mechanism in response to virus infection in several crop plants. In this context, our review enumerates the molecular mechanisms underlying host immunity against viruses mediated by sRNAs, the counter defense strategies employed by viruses to surpass this immunogenic response and the advances made in our understanding of plant-virus interactions. Altogether, the report would be insightful for the researchers working to decode the sRNA-mediated defense response in crop plants challenged with virus infection.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; MicroRNAs; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; RNA, Small Interfering; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 30947560
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597830 -
Trends in Plant Science Aug 2005Plant virus cell-to-cell movement and subsequent systemic transport are governed by a series of mechanisms involving various virus and plant factors. Specialized virus... (Review)
Review
Plant virus cell-to-cell movement and subsequent systemic transport are governed by a series of mechanisms involving various virus and plant factors. Specialized virus encoded movement proteins (MPs) control the cell-to-cell transport of viral nucleoprotein complexes through plasmodesmata. MPs of different viruses have diverse properties and each interacts with specific host factors that also have a range of functions. Most viruses are then transported via the phloem as either nucleoprotein complexes or virions, with contributions from host and virus proteins. Some virus proteins contribute to the establishment and maintenance of systemic infection by inhibiting RNA silencing-mediated degradation of viral RNA. In spite of all the different movement strategies and the viral and host components, there are possible functional commonalities in virus-host interactions that govern viral spread through plants.
Topics: Gene Silencing; Movement; Plant Viruses; Plants; Tobacco Mosaic Virus
PubMed: 16023398
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2005.07.002 -
Advances in Virus Research 2018The host range of a plant virus is the number of species in which it can reproduce. Most studies of plant virus host range evolution have focused on the genetics of... (Review)
Review
The host range of a plant virus is the number of species in which it can reproduce. Most studies of plant virus host range evolution have focused on the genetics of host-pathogen interactions. However, the distribution and abundance of plant viruses and their hosts do not always overlap, and these spatial and temporal discontinuities in plant virus-host interactions can result in various ecological processes that shape host range evolution. Recent work shows that the distributions of pathogenic and resistant genotypes, vectors, and other resources supporting transmission vary widely in the environment, producing both expected and unanticipated patterns. The distributions of all of these factors are influenced further by competitive effects, natural enemies, anthropogenic disturbance, the abiotic environment, and herbivory to mention some. We suggest the need for further development of approaches that (i) explicitly consider resource use and the abiotic and biotic factors that affect the strategies by which viruses exploit resources; and (ii) are sensitive across scales. Host range and habitat specificity will largely determine which phyla are most likely to be new hosts, but predicting which host and when it is likely to be infected is enormously challenging because it is unclear how environmental heterogeneity affects the interactions of viruses and hosts.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Biota; Ecosystem; Genetic Fitness; Host Specificity; Models, Statistical; Plant Viruses; Plants; Time Factors
PubMed: 29908592
DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.02.009 -
Current Opinion in Microbiology Aug 2003RNA viruses are the most common viruses of plants, and the evolution of these viruses has been studied both experimentally and phylogenetically. The basic molecular... (Review)
Review
RNA viruses are the most common viruses of plants, and the evolution of these viruses has been studied both experimentally and phylogenetically. The basic molecular mechanisms for plant virus evolution are similar to those of other viruses, with some notable exceptions. Recent advances include new insights into the origins of plant viruses, analyses of quasispecies and mutation frequencies, population studies on field isolates and practical studies on the importance of virus evolution to agriculture.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Genes, Viral; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses
PubMed: 12941413
DOI: 10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00087-0 -
Virology Journal Mar 2022Inclusion of high throughput technologies in the field of biology has generated massive amounts of data in the recent years. Now, transforming these huge volumes of data... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Inclusion of high throughput technologies in the field of biology has generated massive amounts of data in the recent years. Now, transforming these huge volumes of data into knowledge is the primary challenge in computational biology. The traditional methods of data analysis have failed to carry out the task. Hence, researchers are turning to machine learning based approaches for the analysis of high-dimensional big data. In machine learning, once a model is trained with a training dataset, it can be applied on a testing dataset which is independent. In current times, deep learning algorithms further promote the application of machine learning in several field of biology including plant virology.
MAIN BODY
Plant viruses have emerged as one of the principal global threats to food security due to their devastating impact on crops and vegetables. The emergence of new viral strains and species help viruses to evade the concurrent preventive methods. According to a survey conducted in 2014, plant viruses are anticipated to cause a global yield loss of more than thirty billion USD per year. In order to design effective, durable and broad-spectrum management protocols, it is very important to understand the mechanistic details of viral pathogenesis. The application of machine learning enables precise diagnosis of plant viral diseases at an early stage. Furthermore, the development of several machine learning-guided bioinformatics platforms has primed plant virologists to understand the host-virus interplay better. In addition, machine learning has tremendous potential in deciphering the pattern of plant virus evolution and emergence as well as in developing viable control options.
CONCLUSIONS
Considering a significant progress in the application of machine learning in understanding plant virology, this review highlights an introductory note on machine learning and comprehensively discusses the trends and prospects of machine learning in the diagnosis of viral diseases, understanding host-virus interplay and emergence of plant viruses.
Topics: Algorithms; Computational Biology; DNA Viruses; Machine Learning; Plant Viruses; Plants; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 35264189
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01767-5 -
The Journal of General Virology Mar 2024Plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or by vegetative propagation, and by vectors such as arthropods, fungi, nematodes, or parasitic plants. Sources to access...
Plant viruses are transmitted mechanically or by vegetative propagation, and by vectors such as arthropods, fungi, nematodes, or parasitic plants. Sources to access available information regarding plant virus transmissions are scattered and require extensive literature searches. Here, a recently created plant virus transmission database is described. This was developed to provide access to the modes of transmission and vectors of over 1600 plant viruses. The database was compiled using over 3500 publication records spanning the last 100 years. The information is publicly accessible via https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/virus and fully searchable by virus name, taxonomic position, mode of transmission or vector.
Topics: Animals; Plant Viruses; Arthropods; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 38441560
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001957