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Current Biology : CB Apr 2018Tissue wound repair has been studied extensively. It involves the coordinated activation of several intracellular and intercellular pathways, as well as remodeling from... (Review)
Review
Tissue wound repair has been studied extensively. It involves the coordinated activation of several intracellular and intercellular pathways, as well as remodeling from the sequential recruitment of different cell types to the wound site. There is, however, an equally important process that happens at the single cell level, when the integrity of the plasma membrane is compromised. Individual eukaryotic cells can rapidly repair their plasma membrane after injury, through a process that restores internal homeostasis and prevents cell death. Despite its importance, investigations of this fascinating mechanism have been limited. Only recently have we begun to understand that plasma-membrane repair resembles tissue healing, in the sense that it also involves sequential, highly localized remodeling steps that ultimately eliminate all traces of the injury.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channels; Cell Membrane; Exocytosis; Homeostasis; Humans; Wound Healing
PubMed: 29689221
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.034 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Jul 2009The association of tubulin with the plasma membrane comprises multiple levels of penetration into the bilayer: from integral membrane protein, to attachment via... (Review)
Review
The association of tubulin with the plasma membrane comprises multiple levels of penetration into the bilayer: from integral membrane protein, to attachment via palmitoylation, to surface binding, and to microtubules attached by linker proteins to proteins in the membrane. Here we discuss the soundness and weaknesses of the chemical and biochemical evidence marshaled to support these associations, as well as the mechanisms by which tubulin or microtubules may regulate functions at the plasma membrane.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Membrane Proteins; Tubulin
PubMed: 19328773
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.03.013 -
Theranostics 2023Cancer is generally considered a result of genetic mutations that cause epigenetic changes, leading to anomalous cellular behavior. Since 1970s, an increasing... (Review)
Review
Cancer is generally considered a result of genetic mutations that cause epigenetic changes, leading to anomalous cellular behavior. Since 1970s, an increasing understanding of the plasma membrane and specifically the lipid alterations in tumor cells have provided novel insights for cancer therapy. Moreover, the advances in nanotechnology offer a potential opportunity to target the tumor plasma membrane while minimizing side effects on normal cells. To further develop membrane lipid perturbing tumor therapy, the first section of this review demonstrates the association between plasma membrane physicochemical properties and tumor signaling, metastasis, and drug resistance. The second section highlights existing nanotherapeutic strategies for membrane disruption, including lipid peroxide accumulation, cholesterol regulation, membrane structure disruption, lipid raft immobilization, and energy-mediated plasma membrane perturbation. Finally, the third section evaluates the prospects and challenges of plasma membrane lipid perturbing therapy as a therapeutic strategy for cancers. The reviewed membrane lipid perturbing tumor therapy strategies are expected to bring about necessary changes in tumor therapy in the coming decades.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Membrane Lipids; Cell Membrane; Membrane Microdomains; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 37215569
DOI: 10.7150/thno.82189 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Plasma membrane provides a biophysical and biochemical platform for immune cells to trigger signaling cascades and immune responses against attacks from foreign... (Review)
Review
Plasma membrane provides a biophysical and biochemical platform for immune cells to trigger signaling cascades and immune responses against attacks from foreign pathogens or tumor cells. Mounting evidence suggests that the biophysical-chemical properties of this platform, including complex compositions of lipids and cholesterols, membrane tension, and electrical potential, could cooperatively regulate the immune receptor functions. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear because of the tremendous compositional complexity and spatio-temporal dynamics of the plasma membrane. Here, we review the recent significant progress of dynamical regulation of plasma membrane on immune receptors, including T cell receptor, B cell receptor, Fc receptor, and other important immune receptors, to proceed mechano-chemical sensing and transmembrane signal transduction. We also discuss how biophysical-chemical cues couple together to dynamically tune the receptor's structural conformation or orientation, distribution, and organization, thereby possibly impacting their ligand binding and related signal transduction. Moreover, we propose that electrical potential could potentially induce the biophysical-chemical coupling change, such as lipid distribution and membrane tension, to inevitably regulate immune receptor activation.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; Chemical Phenomena; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Humans; Mechanical Phenomena; Membrane Lipids; Protein Binding; Receptors, Immunologic; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33679752
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613185 -
Molecular Biology Reports Mar 2021The plasma membrane performs a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and viability by acting as a semi-permeable barrier separating the cell from its... (Review)
Review
The plasma membrane performs a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and viability by acting as a semi-permeable barrier separating the cell from its surroundings. Under physiological conditions, it is constantly exposed to different kinds of stress, such as from pore-forming proteins/toxins and mechanical activity, that compromises its integrity resulting in cells developing various ways to cope with these dangers to survive. These plasma membrane repair mechanisms are initiated by the rapid influx of extracellular Ca ions and are thus hinged on the activity of various Ca-binding proteins. The cell's response to membrane damage also depends on the nature and extent of the stimuli as well as the cell type, and the mechanisms involved are believed to be not mutually exclusive. In regulated necrotic cell death, specifically necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, plasma membrane damage ultimately causes cell lysis and the release of immunomodulating damage-associated molecular patterns. Here, I will discuss how these three cell death pathways are counterbalanced by the action of ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport)-III-dependent plasma membrane repair mechanism, that eventually affects the profile of released cytokines and cell-to-cell communication. These highlight a crucial role that plasma membrane repair play in regulated necrosis, and its potential as a viable target to modulate the immune responses associated with these pathways in the context of the various human pathologies where these cell death modalities are implicated.
Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cell Membrane; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Humans; Models, Biological; Necrosis
PubMed: 33687702
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06252-w -
Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Apr 2021Lateral organization in the plane of the plasma membrane is an important driver of biological processes. The past dozen years have seen increasing experimental support... (Review)
Review
Lateral organization in the plane of the plasma membrane is an important driver of biological processes. The past dozen years have seen increasing experimental support for the notion that lipid organization plays an important role in modulating this heterogeneity. Various biophysical mechanisms rooted in the concept of liquid-liquid phase separation have been proposed to explain diverse experimental observations of heterogeneity in model and cell membranes with distinct but overlapping applicability. In this review, we focus on the evidence for and the consequences of the hypothesis that the plasma membrane is poised near an equilibrium miscibility critical point. Critical phenomena explain certain features of the heterogeneity observed in cells and model systems but also go beyond heterogeneity to predict other interesting phenomena, including responses to perturbations in membrane composition.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Eukaryotic Cells; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Microdomains; Membrane Proteins
PubMed: 33710910
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090419-115951 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 1992Proteins at the boundary between the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane control cell shape, delimit specialized membrane domains, and stabilize attachments to other... (Review)
Review
Proteins at the boundary between the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane control cell shape, delimit specialized membrane domains, and stabilize attachments to other cells and to the substrate. These proteins also regulate cell locomotion and cytoplasmic responses to growth factors and other external stimuli. This diversity of cellular functions is matched by the large number of biochemical mechanisms that mediate the connections between membrane proteins and the underlying cytoskeleton, the so-called membrane skeleton. General organizational themes are beginning to emerge from examination of this biochemical diversity.
Topics: Cell Adhesion; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Cells; Cytoskeleton; Homeostasis; Humans
PubMed: 1439807
DOI: 10.1126/science.1439807 -
Nature Cell Biology Jan 2023
Topics: Membrane Lipids; Cell Membrane
PubMed: 36650378
DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01076-7 -
Current Opinion in Cell Biology Aug 2002Several lines of evidence indicate that the lipids in the plasma membrane of animal cells are inhomogeneously distributed, and that various types of specialized lipid... (Review)
Review
Several lines of evidence indicate that the lipids in the plasma membrane of animal cells are inhomogeneously distributed, and that various types of specialized lipid domains play an important role in many biological processes. The characteristics of these domains, such as size, composition and dynamics, are currently under active investigation. It appears that there are many different types of membrane domains in the plasma membrane, and perhaps the entire membrane should be viewed as a mosaic of microdomains.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Caveolae; Cell Membrane; Forecasting; Humans; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Microdomains; Models, Biological
PubMed: 12383800
DOI: 10.1016/s0955-0674(02)00351-4 -
Comptes Rendus Biologies Dec 2021The plasma membrane is a physical boundary made of amphiphilic lipid molecules, proteins and carbohydrates extensions. Its role in mechanotransduction generates...
The plasma membrane is a physical boundary made of amphiphilic lipid molecules, proteins and carbohydrates extensions. Its role in mechanotransduction generates increasing attention in animal systems, where membrane tension is mainly induced by cortical actomyosin. In plant cells, cortical tension is of osmotic origin. Yet, because the plasma membrane in plant cells has comparable physical properties, findings from animal systems likely apply to plant cells too. Recent results suggest that this is indeed the case, with a role of membrane tension in vesicle trafficking, mechanosensitive channel opening or cytoskeleton organization in plant cells. Prospects for the plant science community are at least three fold: (i) to develop and use probes to monitor membrane tension in tissues, in parallel with other biochemical probes, with implications for protein activity and nanodomain clustering, (ii) to develop single cell approaches to decipher the mechanisms operating at the plant cell cortex at high spatio-temporal resolution, and (iii) to revisit the role of membrane composition at cell and tissue scale, by considering the physical implications of phospholipid properties and interactions in mechanotransduction.
Topics: Animals; Cell Membrane; Mechanotransduction, Cellular
PubMed: 35787608
DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.66