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ORL; Journal For Oto-rhino-laryngology... 2023Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is classified as solitary bone or solitary... (Review)
Review
Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is classified as solitary bone or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Here, we present two rare cases of plasmacytoma of the head and neck. The first is a 78-year-old male who presented with a 3-month history of epistaxis and progressive obstruction of the right nasal passage. Computerized tomography (CT) imaging revealed a mass in the right nasal cavity with destruction to the maxillary sinus. An excisional biopsy was performed revealing anaplastic plasmacytoma. The second is a 64-year-old male with a past medical history significant for prostate cancer who presented with a 2-month history of left ear pain and progressive non-tender temporal swelling. A PET/CT revealed a highly avid, destructive, and lytic left temporal mass with no other evidence of distant disease. A left temporal craniectomy and infratemporal fossa dissection revealed plasma cell dyscrasia with monoclonal lambda in situ hybridization. Although plasmacytomas are uncommon tumors of the head and neck, they may mimic other entities that require different treatment. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate therapeutic decisions and prognosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Nasal Cavity; Head; Neck
PubMed: 37364541
DOI: 10.1159/000530946 -
World Neurosurgery Feb 2020Most plasmacytomas arise in the bone marrow (intramedullary), as part of multiple myeloma (MM). In contrast, extramedullary plasmacytoma without MM is rare, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Most plasmacytomas arise in the bone marrow (intramedullary), as part of multiple myeloma (MM). In contrast, extramedullary plasmacytoma without MM is rare, and plasmacytoma primarily occurring in the brain parenchyma is extremely rare. Clinical behaviors of primary plasmacytoma in the brain have remained unclear. We report a case of primary plasmacytoma in the cerebellum and review the literature.
CASE DESCRIPTION
The patient was a 33-year-old woman, displaying vertigo and peripheral facial nerve palsy. A tumor was identified in the subcortical white matter of the middle-upper cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging showed no specific findings for this lesion. Tumor was surgically resected because of aggressive tumor growth. Pathologic diagnosis of the tumor was plasmacytoma. The patient was treated with irradiation to the tumor bed after surgery. Although histology of the bone marrow showed a few atypical plasma cells (1%-2%), below the threshold of the diagnostic criterion for MM, we started chemotherapy to prevent occurrence of MM. Neither tumor recurrence nor development of MM was found for 16 months after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Histology is essential for diagnosis of primary plasmacytoma in the brain because of the lack of specific findings on neuroimaging. A finding of a few atypical plasma cells in the bone marrow might support the assumption that extramedullary plasmacytoma represents a harbinger of subsequent development of MM. In addition to appropriate therapies combining maximum tumor removal and radiotherapy to the brain, rigorous hematological management might have contributed to favorable outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Bortezomib; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Facial Nerve Diseases; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance Chemotherapy; Neurosurgical Procedures; Plasmacytoma; Radiotherapy; Vertigo
PubMed: 31629133
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.10.036 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2021The aim is to analyze the clinical outcomes of patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) and review the characteristics of this disease. We retrospectively... (Review)
Review
The aim is to analyze the clinical outcomes of patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) and review the characteristics of this disease. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of a cohort of 22 patients diagnosed with EMP between 1983 and 2017. Baseline characteristics and progression data were collected to calculate the incidence of progression to multiple myeloma (MM) and to analyze survival rates and outcomes. Previous major cohort studies were reviewed and compared with this study. Extramedullary plasmacytomas were located in the head and neck in 17 (77%) of the 22 patients. The median time between onset and diagnosis was 7 months, and the median age at diagnosis was 52.5 years (range 15-72 years). Extramedullary plasmacytoma occurred more frequently in men with an approximate ratio of 2.1:1. The majority of patients underwent surgery (13/22, 59.1%) and half received radiation (11/22, 50%). A small proportion of patients received chemotherapy (2/22, 9.1%). There was a median follow-up time of 98.5 months. The 5-year overall survival, progression-free survival, and MM-free survival rates were 84.2%, 67.3% and 75.9%, respectively. Complete resection without major functional damage is a promising option that can favorably improve prognosis in patients with resectable disease. Patients with regional lymph node metastasis or positive immunoelectrophoresis results require more aggressive treatment and may have poorer prognosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; China; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 32941076
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320950587 -
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Jan 2017In contrast to multiple myeloma (MM) which exhibits diffuse bone marrow and other organ involvement, solitary plasmacytomas carry a favourable prognosis. Extramedullary... (Review)
Review
In contrast to multiple myeloma (MM) which exhibits diffuse bone marrow and other organ involvement, solitary plasmacytomas carry a favourable prognosis. Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are a unique form of plasma cell neoplasms. These tumours are rare in the female reproductive tract. Only 24 cases of gynaecologic plasmacytomas were reported to date (7 cases were solitary plasmacytomas and 17 cases were either part of disseminated MM with involvement of a gynaecologic organ or were lacking complete work-up to rule out MM). The standard care of gynaecologic solitary EMP is surgical resection alone when feasible. Adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered for adverse prognostic factors such as positive resection margins. MM with gynaecologic organ involvement should be managed with systemic therapy and defer local therapies to symptomatic progression.
Topics: Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 27760483
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1205567 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2023Plasmacytomas are a rare spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms that are single localized tumours, lacking the clinical features of plasma cell myeloma with no radiographical...
Plasmacytomas are a rare spectrum of plasma cell neoplasms that are single localized tumours, lacking the clinical features of plasma cell myeloma with no radiographical evidence of additional plasma cell tumours. Two clinical variants of plasmacytomas can be distinguished: solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary (or extraosseous) plasmacytoma. The latter is rare, representing 1% of all plasma cell neoplasms, occurring most frequently in the upper airways. Ovarian localization is exceptional, with only a few cases being reported in the literature. We herein report a case of an ovarian extramedullary plasmacytoma occurring in a 56-year-old woman who consulted for abdominal pain and abdominal mass, while highlighting the main histological and immunohistochemical features of this rare malignancy, along with a thorough review of literature gathering all cases of ovarian plasmacytomas reported to date.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Multiple Myeloma; Radiography; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 37250677
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.108.37603 -
The Journal of Emergency Medicine Sep 2019Extramedullary plasmacytoma is an uncommon type of plasma cell neoplasm that occurs outside of the bone marrow. Very rarely, extramedullary plasmacytomas can involve the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Extramedullary plasmacytoma is an uncommon type of plasma cell neoplasm that occurs outside of the bone marrow. Very rarely, extramedullary plasmacytomas can involve the trachea, causing significant respiratory distress.
CASE REPORT
We describe a patient with a history of multiple myeloma who presented with voice hoarseness and dyspnea and was found to have airway obstruction due to an extramedullary plasmacytoma near the larynx. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: It is important to investigate the possibility of upper airway obstruction in cancer patients presenting with hoarseness and dyspnea to prevent incorrect management, which can lead to fatal results. In particular, wheezing and dyspnea in patients with a history of asthma may not always be due to asthma exacerbation. Computed tomography scans and emergency laryngoscopy have been shown to be useful in aiding with correct diagnosis of upper airway obstruction, ensuring appropriate treatment.
Topics: Airway Obstruction; Dyspnea; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31266689
DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.05.032 -
Medicine Mar 2023Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia that grows within the axial skeleton or soft tissue structures as solitary or multiple masses. The primary types are... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia that grows within the axial skeleton or soft tissue structures as solitary or multiple masses. The primary types are solitary plasmacytoma, including solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma, and multiple solitary plasmacytomas. SBP is characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells and is rare. However, SBP with chronic osteomyelitis is even rarer.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 47-year-old man previously diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis presented with repeated discharge and ulceration in the front of his right tibia.
DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES
Lower extremity magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) examinations showed dead bone formation and surrounding inflammatory edema. Thus, the patient underwent dead bone excision and fenestration of the bone marrow cavity. The histopathologic examination results indicated plasmacytoma. Therefore, we administered radiotherapy with satisfactory results.
LESSONS
Physicians should pay close attention to chronic osteomyelitis because it may be accompanied by plasmacytoma. Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examinations are crucial, and surgical resection of the lesion and local radiotherapy are effective treatment methods.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Plasmacytoma; Tibia; Plasma Cells; Bone Neoplasms; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 36961183
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033307 -
International OphthalmologyPlasmacytomas of the ocular and adnexal tissue are rare. The variation in their clinical manifestations and potential association with multiple myeloma are not well... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Plasmacytomas of the ocular and adnexal tissue are rare. The variation in their clinical manifestations and potential association with multiple myeloma are not well appreciated.
METHODS
We reviewed the clinical features and laboratory data of five cases of plasmacytoma involving the eye and orbit.
RESULTS
Plasmacytomas involved the conjunctiva in one case, the orbit in three cases, and the iris in one case. Plasmacytoma was the solitary plasma cell neoplasm in a patient with a conjunctival lesion and another patient with an orbital lesion. Two other patients who developed plasmacytomas of the orbit and iris, respectively, had a known history of multiple myeloma. An orbital plasmacytoma preceded the onset of systemic plasma cell neoplasia in the final patient.
CONCLUSION
Plasmacytomas of the eye and orbit are rare. They may or may not be associated with multiple myeloma.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Combined Modality Therapy; Conjunctival Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Iris Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Orbital Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 9237136
DOI: 10.1007/BF00176888 -
Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma of Humerus Presenting as a Nonhealing Fracture in a Child: A Rare Entity.Journal of Pediatric Hematology/oncology Jan 2022Solitary bone plasmacytoma is an extremely rare entity and is characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Plasmacytomas are extremely rare in... (Review)
Review
Solitary bone plasmacytoma is an extremely rare entity and is characterized by localized proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. Plasmacytomas are extremely rare in the pediatric population. The median age at diagnosis is usually the fifth or sixth decade, with axial skeleton being more commonly involved than appendicular. We hereby, report the case of a 13-year-old boy with solitary bone plasmacytoma of the right humerus. Though extremely rare in the pediatric age group, plasmacytomas may be considered as one of the remote differentials in children presenting with solitary bone tumors.
Topics: Adolescent; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Humeral Fractures; Male; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 34654755
DOI: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000002332 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2018Extramedullary plasmacytoma represents 3%-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Plasmacytomas of the mesentery are extremely rare. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who...
Extramedullary plasmacytoma represents 3%-5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Plasmacytomas of the mesentery are extremely rare. We report the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with an abdominal mass and was diagnosed to have plasmacytoma of the mesentery. A literature review was also conducted on publications pertaining to solitary mesenteric plasmacytomas. These patients present late by which time the abdominal mass has reached a significant size. Radiation as a modality for local control has a limited role in treating mesenteric plasmacytomas. Surgery is the preferred modality for local control. Patients must be kept on a regular follow-up as there is a risk of transformation to multiple myeloma.
Topics: Humans; Male; Mesentery; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Plasmacytoma
PubMed: 30207325
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_296_18