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Journal of Lipid Mediators and Cell... Sep 1996The breakdown of plasmalogens in neural membranes is a receptor-mediated process catalyzed by a plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2. This enzyme has been isolated... (Review)
Review
The breakdown of plasmalogens in neural membranes is a receptor-mediated process catalyzed by a plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine brain. It is localized in cytosol and does not require Ca2+ for its activity. It has a molecular weight of 39 kDa and is strongly inhibited by glycosaminoglycans, gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins. The interactions between plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 and glycoconjugates may be involved in the regulation of enzymic activity. Under normal conditions, plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 provides second messengers such as arachidonic acid and eicosanoids. However, under pathological conditions, this enzyme may be involved in a massive release of free fatty acids that may cause serious cell and tissue damage.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Humans; Neurons; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Plasmalogens; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 8906539
DOI: 10.1016/0929-7855(96)01502-7 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Sep 2012Plasmalogens are a unique class of membrane glycerophospholipids containing a fatty alcohol with a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position, and enriched in polyunsaturated... (Review)
Review
Plasmalogens are a unique class of membrane glycerophospholipids containing a fatty alcohol with a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position, and enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. These two features provide novel properties to these compounds. Although plasmalogens represent up to 20% of the total phospholipid mass in humans their physiological roles have been challenging to identify, and are likely to be particular to different tissues, metabolic processes and developmental stages. Their biosynthesis starts in peroxisomes, and defects at these steps cause the malformation syndrome, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata (RCDP). The RCDP phenotype predicts developmental roles for plasmalogens in bone, brain, lens, lung, kidney and heart. Recent studies have revealed secondary plasmalogen deficiencies associated with more common disorders and allow us to tease out additional pathways dependent on plasmalogen functions. In this review, we present current knowledge of plasmalogen biology in health and disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Membrane; Glyceryl Ethers; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Organ Specificity; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxisomal Disorders; Plasmalogens; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 22627108
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.008 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2022Plasmalogen, a phospholipid, exhibits preventive and therapeutic effects on dementia. Phospholipids improve fat metabolism, but it is unknown whether plasmalogen has an...
Plasmalogen, a phospholipid, exhibits preventive and therapeutic effects on dementia. Phospholipids improve fat metabolism, but it is unknown whether plasmalogen has an effect on fat metabolism. In this study, the effects of plasmalogen were determined by administering plasmalogen to KK-Ay mice. As a result, weight gain was significantly suppressed in the plasmalogen-treated group compared with the control group from 7 wk after the start of administration. In addition, plasmalogen administration increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in brown adipose tissue. The effect is thought to result from liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway activation via adrenergic β3 receptors. Furthermore, the expression of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) gene associated with thermogenic factors and β-oxidation was increased. We investigated the browning of white adipose tissue, but no increase in UCP1 gene expression was observed in perirenal adipose tissue, epididymis adipose tissue, mesenteric adipose tissue and inguinal region white adipose tissue. In contrast, plasmalogen increased the activity of AMPK, which is a central enzyme in lipid metabolism, in perirenal adipose tissue. Furthermore, the activity of the protein kinase A (PKA)/LKB1/AMPK/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) pathways was confirmed. Plasmalogen may inhibit weight gain by activating brown fat to increase heat production, inhibiting lipid synthesis, and promoting lipolysis in white fat.
Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Male; Mice; Plasmalogens; Uncoupling Protein 1; Weight Gain
PubMed: 35491205
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.140 -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin May 2022Plasmalogens are a group of glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position in the glycerol backbone. Cellular membrane plasmalogens are...
Plasmalogens are a group of glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position in the glycerol backbone. Cellular membrane plasmalogens are considered to have important roles in homeostasis as endogenous antioxidants, differentiation, and intracellular signal transduction pathways including neural transmission. Therefore, reduced levels of plasmalogens have been suggested to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, although arachidonic acid is considered to be involved in learning and memory, it could be liberated and excessively activate neuronal activity to the excitotoxic levels seen in Alzheimer's disease patients. Here, we examined the protective effects of several kinds of plasmalogens against cellular toxicity caused by arachidonic acid in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, only phosphatidylcholine-plasmalogen-oleic acid (PC-PLS-18) showed protective effects against arachidonic acid-induced cytotoxicity based on the results of lactate dehydrogenase release and ATP depletion assays, as well as cellular morphological changes in SH-SY5Y cells. These results indicate that PC-PLS-18 protects against arachidonic acid-induced cytotoxicity, possibly via improving the stability of the cellular membrane in SH-SY5Y cells.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Arachidonic Acid; Humans; Lecithins; Oleic Acid; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 35236811
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00035 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2023Analysis and quantification of ether-lipid phospholipid species-also known as plasmalogens-is a crucial step in the study of the biological functions played by these...
Analysis and quantification of ether-lipid phospholipid species-also known as plasmalogens-is a crucial step in the study of the biological functions played by these lipids. Application of analytical separation methods and high-resolution mass spectrometry has gained much attention in this regard, while resolution issues and time-consuming sequences interfered with these advances. Herein, we describe a simple and rapid method for the analysis of plasmalogen (Pl) species by HILIC-HRMS. This method is able to identify and quantify relative levels of ethanolamine-plasmalogens (PlsEtn) and choline-plasmalogens (PlsCho) in biological matrices such as whole blood, plasma, erythrocytes, and also retina. Moreover, we provide a detailed and modified lipid extraction method that is applicable to almost all biological matrices.
Topics: Plasmalogens; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36653649
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_22 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2020Plasmalogens are dietary phospholipids with beneficial health effects. In this work, plasmalogen characteristics and changes in beef during boiling, frying, and roasting...
Plasmalogens are dietary phospholipids with beneficial health effects. In this work, plasmalogen characteristics and changes in beef during boiling, frying, and roasting were comprehensively investigated by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The alteration of plasmalogen fingerprint during cooking processes was found by untargeted omics approach, in which time of boiling, temperature of roasting, and meat core/surface of frying were responsible for the observed variations. Moreover, the targeted determination of representative plasmalogen species showed significant loss with a temperature- and time-dependent manner in roasting and frying. And frying even showed an extra loss in meat surface compared with core. Furthermore, an artificial neural network-based predictive model elucidated the dynamics of plasmalogen species during cooking. Finally, batter-coating pretreatment was performed to show its protection against plasmalogens loss during frying. These results might provide a potential strategy to better control and improve the quality of functional foodstuffs during cooking processes.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cooking; Food Analysis; Hot Temperature; Neural Networks, Computer; Plasmalogens; Red Meat; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Transition Temperature
PubMed: 32325364
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126764 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2022Plasmalogens are functional and oxidation-sensitive phospholipids abundant in fish. Chilling and freezing are common storage methods for maintaining the quality of fish,...
Plasmalogens are functional and oxidation-sensitive phospholipids abundant in fish. Chilling and freezing are common storage methods for maintaining the quality of fish, but their effect on plasmalogen preservation has not been studied. Therefore, plasmalogen loss in ready-to-eat tuna meat during storage under different conditions was investigated. LC/MS was used to analyze the time- and temperature-dependent changes of plasmalogens, which was the most evident for the species with an ethanolamine headgroup and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains. Moreover, a series of oxidized plasmalogen molecules were identified, and their storage-induced accumulation was observed. Plasmalogen loss was strongly correlated with total lipid oxidation and phospholipid degradation. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles were found to accelerate the loss of plasmalogens, whereas the different thawing methods did not. The present study provides a deeper understanding of changes in lipid nutrients from fish meat during storage and demonstrates the importance of using advanced strategies to maintain food quality.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Meat; Plasmalogens; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tuna
PubMed: 35168046
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132320 -
Biochemical Society Transactions May 1998
Review
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Brain; Humans; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 9649755
DOI: 10.1042/bst0260243 -
Redox Biology Jul 2021Emerging evidence suggests that the reduction of ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) is associated with in Alzheimer's disease and metabolic diseases. However, the...
Emerging evidence suggests that the reduction of ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) is associated with in Alzheimer's disease and metabolic diseases. However, the mechanistic bases for PlsEtn on the these diseases are not well understood. Plasmalogens are primarily synthesized in the liver and enriched in brain. To this end, the present study sought to investigate the potential role of PlsEtn on steatohepatitis and memory impairments and its underlying mechanism. Here we show that peroxisome dysfunction and impairment of PlsEtn synthesis pathway occurs in both of hippocampus and liver, resulting in the decrease of PlsEtn level in APP/PS1 mice and HFD-fed mice. shGNPAT induced PlsEtn deficiency in hepatocytes induces p75NTR enhancement leading to decreased lipolysis activity, thereby exacerbating steatosis. Moreover, in the brain, PlsEtn administration appears to not only improve steatosis but also prevent Alzheimer's disease through restoration of TrkA/p75NTR balance. Together, our findings reveal a molecular mechanistic insight into the preventive role of plasmalogen modulation against steatosis and memory impairments via p75NTR inhibition.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Fatty Liver; Mice; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 33984602
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102002 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Apr 2024Plasmalogen is a specific glycerophospholipid present in both animal and bacterial organisms. It plays a crucial function in eukaryotic cellular processes and is closely...
UNLABELLED
Plasmalogen is a specific glycerophospholipid present in both animal and bacterial organisms. It plays a crucial function in eukaryotic cellular processes and is closely related to several human diseases, including neurological disorders and cancers. Nonetheless, the precise biological role of plasmalogen in bacteria is not well understood. In this study, we identified SMU_438c as the enzyme responsible for plasmalogen production in under anaerobic conditions. The heterologous expression of SMU_438c in a plasmalogen-negative strain, , resulted in the production of plasmalogen, indicating that this enzyme is sufficient for plasmalogen production. Additionally, the plasmalogen-deficient exhibited significantly lower acid tolerance and diminished its colonization in flies compared to the wild-type strain and complemented strain. In summary, our data suggest that plasmalogen plays a vital role in bacterial stress tolerance and colonization.
IMPORTANCE
This study sheds light on the biological role of plasmalogen, a specific glycerophospholipid, in bacteria, particularly in . Plasmalogens are known for their significant roles in eukaryotic cells and have been linked to human diseases like neurological disorders and cancers. The enzyme SMU_438c, identified as essential for plasmalogen production under anaerobic conditions, was crucial for acid tolerance and colonization in by , underscoring its importance in bacterial stress response and colonization. These findings bridge the knowledge gap in bacterial physiology, highlighting plasmalogen's role in microbial survival and offering potential insights into microbial pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Plasmalogens; Streptococcus mutans; Acids; Drosophila; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Biofilms
PubMed: 38456674
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01500-23