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Muscle & Nerve Sep 1987It has become known that hypolipidemic agents, which can induce experimental myotonia in humans and animals, may alter the lipid metabolisms of intracellular organelles,...
It has become known that hypolipidemic agents, which can induce experimental myotonia in humans and animals, may alter the lipid metabolisms of intracellular organelles, peroxisomes. However, there has been no reported study on peroxisomal lipid metabolisms in myotonic dystrophy showing myotonia as well as experimental myotonia. We investigated one of the peroxisomal lipid metabolisms, i.e., plasmalogen metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts from myotonic dystrophy, and found plasmalogen ratios to be significantly reduced.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myotonic Dystrophy; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Skin
PubMed: 3657848
DOI: 10.1002/mus.880100707 -
American Journal of Physiology. Heart... Jun 2000Thrombin stimulation of rabbit ventricular myocytes activates a membrane-associated, Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) capable of hydrolyzing...
Thrombin stimulation of rabbit ventricular myocytes activates a membrane-associated, Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) capable of hydrolyzing plasmenylcholine (choline plasmalogen), plasmanylcholine (alkylacyl choline phospholipid), and phosphatidylcholine substrates. To identify the endogenous phospholipid substrates, we quantified the effects of thrombin stimulation on diradyl phospholipid mass and arachidonic acid and lysophospholipid production. Thrombin stimulation resulted in a selective decrease in arachidonylated plasmenylcholine, with no change in arachidonylated phosphatidylcholine. The decrease in arachidonylated plasmenylcholine was accompanied by an increase in plasmenylcholine species containing linoleic and linolenic acids at the sn-2 position. A decrease in arachidonylated plasmenylethanolamine was also observed after thrombin stimulation, with no concomitant change in arachidonylated phosphatidylethanolamine. Thrombin stimulation resulted in the selective production of lysoplasmenylcholine, with no increase in lysophosphatidylcholine content. There was no evidence for significant acetylation of lysophospholipids to form platelet-activating factor. Arachidonic acid released after thrombin stimulation was rapidly oxidized to prostacyclin. Thus thrombin-stimulated Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) selectively hydrolyzes arachidonylated plasmalogen substrates, resulting in production of lysoplasmalogens and prostacyclin as the principal bioactive products.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Calcium; Epoprostenol; Female; Linoleic Acid; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipases A; Plasmalogens; Rabbits; Substrate Specificity; Thrombin; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 10843891
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H1933 -
Acta Cardiologica Feb 2018The contribution of hypoxic conditions to the chemical composition of membranes is not completely established. Plasmalogens, containing an alkenyl group with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
The contribution of hypoxic conditions to the chemical composition of membranes is not completely established. Plasmalogens, containing an alkenyl group with aldehydogenic ether linkage, are significant components of membrane lipids and their level can change in oxygen deficiency.
METHODS
Analysis of plasmalogens in red blood cells was performed in patients (n = 17) with coronary heart disease, stable angina (functional class II-III) and coronary atherosclerosis. The control group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. In addition, isolated blood samples of seven healthy volunteers were analysed before and after 180 min incubation at 37 °C. Fatty acid ethyl esters and diethyl acetals of fatty aldehydes, obtained during sample preparation from red blood cells, were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Quantitative assessment of the change of the plasmalogen levels was evaluated as change of the share of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals in the total sum of fatty aldehyde diethyl acetals and fatty acid ethyl esters.
RESULTS
In comparison with the healthy volunteers, an increase in plasmalogen content of red blood cells and a reduction of the pH of the blood plasma in the group of patients with coronary heart disease were detected. In experimental hypoxia, there was an increase in the plasmalogen content of the red blood cells and a plasma pH decrease in all samples subjected to the incubation.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate changes in the physicochemical properties of the cell membrane in hypoxia. One of the most likely reasons of the increase of plasmalogen content in the membranes may be a more significant increase in activity of calcium-dependent phospholipases in comparison with the activity of calcium-independent plasmalogen phospholipases.
Topics: Acidosis; Adult; Chromatography; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 28814195
DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2017.1329469 -
Food & Function Feb 2022A lack of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in mothers' diet significantly reduced the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brains of offspring, which might...
Short-term supplementation of EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen increases the level of DHA in the brain and liver of n-3 PUFA deficient mice in early life after weaning.
A lack of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in mothers' diet significantly reduced the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brains of offspring, which might affect their brain function. Our previous research has proven multiple benefits of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen (pPE) in enhancing the learning and memory ability. However, the effect of dietary supplementation with EPA-pPE on the DHA content in the brain and liver of offspring lacking n-3 PUFAs in early life is still unclear. Female ICR mice were fed with n-3 PUFA-deficient diets throughout the gestation and lactation periods to get n-3 PUFA-deficient offspring. The lipid profiles in the cerebral cortex and liver of offspring were analyzed using lipidomics after dietary supplementation with EPA-pPE (0.05%, w/w) and EPA-phosphatidylcholine (PC) (0.05%, w/w) for 2 weeks after weaning. Dietary supplementation with EPA could significantly change fatty acid composition in a variety of phospholipid molecular species compared with the n-3 deficient group. EPA-pPE and EPA-PC remarkably increased the DHA content in the brain PC, ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC), and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen (pPE) and liver triglyceride (TG), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), ePC, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and pPE molecular species, in which EPA-pPE showed more significant effects on the increase of DHA in cerebral cortex PC, ePC and liver PC compared with EPA-PC. Both EPA-phospholipids could effectively increase the DHA levels, and the pPE form was superior to PC in the contribution of DHA content in the cerebral cortex PC, ePC and liver PC molecular species. EPA-enriched ethanolamine plasmalogen might be a good nutritional supplement to increase DHA levels in the brains of n-3 PUFA-deficient offspring.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Lipidomics; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Plasmalogens; Weaning
PubMed: 35088775
DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03345j -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2007An improved synthesis of plasmalogen type lipids is described. Transmetalation of lithioalkoxy allyl intermediates with BaI(2) and subsequent alkylation with...
An improved synthesis of plasmalogen type lipids is described. Transmetalation of lithioalkoxy allyl intermediates with BaI(2) and subsequent alkylation with 1-iodoalkanes enables the stereoselective formation of O-(Z)-alkenyl ether as precursors for the synthesis of plasmenyl- and bisplasmenylcholines. This method provides a simple and adaptable approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of plasmenyl derivatives with variations at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions of the glycerol backbone.
Topics: Barium Compounds; Choline; Molecular Structure; Organic Chemicals; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 17539687
DOI: 10.1021/jo0705059 -
Neurochemical Research Mar 1998
Review
Topics: Animals; Glycerides; Humans; Plasmalogens; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 9482239
DOI: 10.1023/a:1022441029834 -
FEBS Letters Nov 1988Phospholipids are believed to play an important role in pathology and physiology of the myocardium. Because of the distinct physico-chemical properties of plasmalogens...
Phospholipids are believed to play an important role in pathology and physiology of the myocardium. Because of the distinct physico-chemical properties of plasmalogens we studied the plasmalogen content and distribution in the sarcolemma of cultured rat myocytes. Treatment with phospholipase A2 degraded all glycerophospholipids in the outer monolayer. The hydrolysis products were analyzed for plasmalogen content. It is shown that the inner sarcolemmal leaflet is highly enriched in phosphatidylcholine and ethanolamine plasmalogen. This distribution of the plasmalogens might affect bilayer stability and thereby be involved in the destruction of the sarcolemma upon ischemia and reperfusion.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Lipid Bilayers; Myocardium; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plasmalogens; Rats; Sarcolemma
PubMed: 3192002
DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80343-0 -
Lipids Dec 2014We have developed a new method for determining ethanolamine plasmalogen contents in marine invertebrates. This quantification method involves derivatization of...
We have developed a new method for determining ethanolamine plasmalogen contents in marine invertebrates. This quantification method involves derivatization of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl) subclasses, alkenylacyl (plasmalogen), diacyl, and alkylacyl subclasses, by enzyme treatment and acetylation, followed by separation and detection by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light-scattering detection (ELSD). This method enabled complete separation of the subclasses, and the limit of detection for plasmalogen was 200 ng (260 pmol). The peak area of plasmalogen by ELSD was unaffected by the degree of unsaturated fatty acids in EtnGpl, in contrast to ultraviolet (UV) detection. Thus, this method enables accurate determination of plasmalogen contents in various species containing marine products possessing abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The method developed here was applied to marine invertebrates available in Japan. The examined marine invertebrates showed a wide range of plasmalogen contents ranging from 19 to 504 μmol/100 g wet wt. The plasmalogen levels in samples except those of class Cephalopoda and Crustacea were more than 60 mol% of EtnGpl.
Topics: Animals; Aquatic Organisms; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Invertebrates; Japan; Light; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Plasmalogens; Scattering, Radiation
PubMed: 25385495
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3957-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho),...
Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen.
Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho), opossum shrimp (Neomysis awatschensis), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). We also analyze the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho), and plasmalogen choline (PlsCho) from each sample. In big head shrimp, opossum shrimp, and mussel, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) was the most abundant PL at 1677.9, 1603, and 1661.6 mg/100 g of dried sample, respectively, whereas the most abundant PL in sea cucumber was PlsCho (206.9 mg/100 g of dried sample). In all four samples, plasmalogen ethanolamine (PlsEtn) was higher than phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PtdEtn). The content (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsCho was highest in mussel (379.0), and it was higher in big head shrimp (262.3) and opossum shrimp (245.6) than sea cucumber (206.9). The contents (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsEtn were in the order of mussel (675.4) > big head shrimp (629.5) > opossum shrimp (217.9) > sea cucumber (51.5). For analyzing the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of PlsCho, the consecutive treatment with phospholipase A1, solid phase extraction, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and GC-FID were applied. The most abundant fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) in big head shrimp and sea cucumber, palmitoleic acid (C16:1, n-7) in opossum shrimp, and docosadienoic acid (C22:2, n-6) in mussel.
Topics: Animals; Bivalvia; Choline; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Ethanolamines; Fatty Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Opossums; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Sea Cucumbers
PubMed: 36234786
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196250 -
Plasmalogen and anionic phospholipid dependence of the cardiac sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger.FEBS Letters Sep 1996Although plasmalogens are the predominant phospholipids of cardiac sarcolemma, their physiological role has not been forthcoming. Since the cardiac sarcolemmal...
Although plasmalogens are the predominant phospholipids of cardiac sarcolemma, their physiological role has not been forthcoming. Since the cardiac sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger has been proposed to be regulated by anionic phospholipids, the roles of plasmalogens and anionic phospholipids as regulators of the sodium-calcium exchanger were explored. Reconstituted sodium-calcium exchange activity in plasmalogen-containing proteoliposomes was 10-fold higher than that in control proteoliposomes comprised of only diacyl phospholipids. Additionally, exchange activity in plasmalogen-containing proteoliposomes was regulated by anionic phospholipids. Thus, plasmalogens provide a critical lipid environment in which anionic phospholipids serve as boundary lipids for the regulation of the trans-sarcolemmal sodium-calcium exchanger.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cattle; Liposomes; Molecular Sequence Data; Myocardium; Peptides; Phosphatidylserines; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Sarcolemma; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
PubMed: 8925938
DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00930-1