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Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Sep 2023High-sugar diet (HSD), high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and high-fat diet (HFD) all modulate the levels of lipids. However, there is a lack of comparative data on the...
High-sugar diet (HSD), high-cholesterol diet (HCD), and high-fat diet (HFD) all modulate the levels of lipids. However, there is a lack of comparative data on the effects of different diets on phospholipids (PLs). Given their important role in physiology and disease, there has been an increasing focus on altered PLs in liver and brain disorders. This study aims to determine the effects of HSD, HCD, and HFD for 14-week feeding on the PL profile of the mouse liver and hippocampus. Quantitative analysis of 116 and 113 PL molecular species in liver and hippocampus tissues revealed that the HSD, HCD, and HFD significantly affected the PLs in liver and hippocampus, especially decreased the levels of plasmenylethanolamine (pPE) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Overall, the impact of HFD on liver PLs was more significant, consistent with the morphological changes in the liver. Compared to HSD and HCD, HFD induced a significant decrease in PC (P-16:0/18:1) and an increase in LPE (18:0) and LPE (18:1) in liver. In the liver of mice fed with different diets, the expression of the key enzymes Gnpat, Agps in the pPE biosynthesis pathway and peroxisome-associated membrane proteins pex14p were decreased. In addition, all diets significantly reduced the expression of Gnpat, pex7p, and pex16p in hippocampus tissue. In conclusion, HSD, HCD, and HFD enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver, led to liver injury, significantly affected the liver and hippocampus PLs, and decreased the expression of genes related to plasmalogen synthesis in mouse liver and hippocampus, which caused severe plasmalogen reduction.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Sugars; Plasmalogens; Liver; Hypercholesterolemia; Cholesterol
PubMed: 37268055
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159345 -
The International Journal of... Oct 2018Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental event characterized by phenotypic switching from a polarized epithelial phenotype to an unpolarized...
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental event characterized by phenotypic switching from a polarized epithelial phenotype to an unpolarized mesenchymal phenotype. Changes to plasma membrane function accompany EMT yet the differences in lipid composition of cells that have undergone EMT are relatively unexplored. To address this the lipidome of two cell models of EMT in breast epithelial tissue, D492 and HMLE, were analyzed by untargeted LC-MS. Detected masses were identified and their abundance was compared through multivariate statistical analysis. Considerable concordance was observed in eight lipid components between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in both cell models. Specifically, an increase in phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerol were found to accompany EMT while phosphatidylcholine- and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens, as well as diacylglycerols decreased. The most abundant fatty acid lengths were C16 and C18 but mesenchymal cells had on average shorter and more unsaturated fatty acids. The results are consistent with enhanced cell mobility post EMT and reflect a consequence of oxidative stress pre- and post EMT in breast epithelial tissue.
Topics: Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Mammary Glands, Human; Plasmalogens
PubMed: 30114482
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.003 -
Lipids Aug 2011Liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze phospholipids from three species of the anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterial...
Liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze phospholipids from three species of the anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterial genus Pectinatus. Analysis of total lipids by HILIC (Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography) column succeeded in separating diacyl- and plasmalogen phospholipids. Plasmalogens were then analyzed by means of the ESI-MS/MS and more than 220 molecular species of four classes of plasmalogens (PlsCho (choline plasmalogen), PlsEtn (ethanolamine plasmalogen), PlsGro (glycerol plasmalogen), and PlsSer (serine plasmalogen)) were identified. Major molecular species were c-p19:0/15:0 PlsEtn and PlsSer, which accounted for more than 4% of the total lipids.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Beer; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fatty Acids; Humans; Molecular Structure; Pectinatus; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 21479912
DOI: 10.1007/s11745-011-3556-y -
Progress in Lipid Research May 2001
Review
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Arachidonic Acid; Cell Membrane; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Leukocytes; Myocardium; Nervous System; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Phospholipases A; Plasmalogens; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; Spleen
PubMed: 11275267
DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7827(01)00003-0 -
Letters in Applied Microbiology Apr 2023Plasmalogens are a subclass of glycerophospholipids that have a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position and are thought to have several physiological functions. The...
Improvement of solubility of phospholipase D from Streptomyces antibioticus in recombinant Escherichia coli and its application for the enzymatic synthesis of a non-natural plasmalogen.
Plasmalogens are a subclass of glycerophospholipids that have a vinyl-ether bond at the sn-1 position and are thought to have several physiological functions. The creation of non-natural plasmalogens with functional groups is desired for the establishment of the prevention of diseases caused by the depletion of plasmalogens. Phospholipase D (PLD) has both hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation activities. In particular, PLD from Streptomyces antibioticus has been investigated extensively due to its high transphosphatidylation activity. However, it has been difficult to stably express recombinant PLD in Escherichia coli and to express it as a soluble protein. In this study, we used the E. coli strain, SoluBL21™, and achieved stable PLD expression from the T7 promoter and increased soluble fraction in the cell. We also improved the purification method of PLD using His-tag at the C terminus. We obtained PLD with ∼730 mU mg-1 protein of specific activity, and the yield was ∼420 mU l-1 culture, corresponding to 76 mU per gram of wet cells. Finally, we synthesized a non-natural plasmalogen with 1,4-cyclohexanediol bound to the phosphate group at the sn-3 position by transphosphatidylation of the purified PLD. This method will contribute to the expansion of the chemical structure library of non-natural plasmalogens.
Topics: Plasmalogens; Streptomyces antibioticus; Phospholipase D; Escherichia coli; Solubility
PubMed: 37073086
DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad049 -
Marine Drugs Jun 2023Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1--alkyl-glycerols...
Asthma associated with obesity is considered the most severe phenotype and can be challenging to manage with standard medications. Marine-derived 1--alkyl-glycerols (AGs), as precursors for plasmalogen synthesis, have high biological activity, making them a promising substance for pharmacology. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AGs from squid on lung function, fatty acid and plasmalogen levels, and cytokine and adipokine production in obese patients with asthma. The investigational trial included 19 patients with mild asthma associated with obesity who received 0.4 g of AGs daily for three months in addition to their standard treatment. The effects of AGs were evaluated at one and three months of treatment. The results of the study demonstrated that intake of AGs increased the FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratios, and significantly decreased the ACQ score in 17 of the 19 patients after three months of treatment. The intake of AGs increased concentration of plasmalogen and n-3 PUFA in plasma, and modified leptin/adiponectin production by adipose tissue. The supplementation of AGs decreased the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-17a), and oxylipins (TXB2 and LTB4), suggesting an anti-inflammatory property of AGs. In conclusion, 1--alkyl-glycerols could be a promising dietary supplement for improving pulmonary function and reducing inflammation in obese asthma patients, and a natural source for plasmalogen synthesis. The study highlighted that the beneficial effects of AG consumption can be observed after one month of treatment, with gradual improvement after three months of supplementation.
Topics: Animals; Fatty Acids; Plasmalogens; Glycerol; Decapodiformes; Obesity; Asthma; Inflammation; Cytokines
PubMed: 37367676
DOI: 10.3390/md21060351 -
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis Mar 2021Plasmalogens are important phospholipids essential for maintaining cardiovascular and brain health. Ruminant meats are excellent dietary sources of plasmalogens....
Plasmalogens are important phospholipids essential for maintaining cardiovascular and brain health. Ruminant meats are excellent dietary sources of plasmalogens. Globally, grilling remains a popular technique for preparing meats. However, little is known concerning how marination affects retention and quality of plasmalogens in grilled ruminant meats. Here we present information on effects of two unfiltered beer-based marinades infused with herbs and spices on plasmalogens in grilled beef and moose meats. Although total plasmalogen contents of marinated grilled meats were lower compared to unmarinated controls; compositionally, wheat ale- and India session ale-based marinades retained higher levels of PUFA plasmalogen PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) species enriched with ω3 and ω6 fatty acids in grilled moose meats. In grilled beef, significantly higher levels of plasmalogen PC species enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and PUFA were retained by Wheat ale-based marinade. Furthermore, strong positive correlations were observed between antioxidants, polyphenols, oxygenated terpenes and plasmalogens retained in the marinated grilled meats which contrasted negative correlations with total oxidation status of the marinated grilled meats. These findings appear to suggest that the phenolics, oxygenated terpenes and antioxidants present in the beer-based marinades preserved these plasmalogens in marinated meats against degradation during grilling. In view of the benefits associated with plasmalogens and essential fatty acid consumption, marination of beef and moose meats with unfiltered beer-based marinades could be useful for retaining MUFA and PUFA-enriched plasmalogens, as well as preserving the nutritional quality of grilled beef and moose meats.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Beer; Cattle; Meat; Plasmalogens; Ruminants; Terpenes
PubMed: 35696230
DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.1193 -
European Journal of Nutrition Sep 2011Plasmalogen is a subclass of phospholipids widely distributed in animal tissues and ingested as food; however, the absorptive characteristics of different classes of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Plasmalogen is a subclass of phospholipids widely distributed in animal tissues and ingested as food; however, the absorptive characteristics of different classes of plasmalogen have not been clarified.
AIM OF STUDY
Our object was to compare the lymphatic output of choline and ethanolamine plasmalogens after an administration of phospholipid preparations containing each class of plasmalogens, and to analyze molecular species of plasmalogen absorbed into the lymph.
METHODS
A duodenal infusion of 1 ml of 10% emulsion of choline phospholipid (PC) containing 50.6% choline plasmalogen (PlsCho) or ethanolamine phospholipid (PE) containing 52.5% ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) was administered in the lymph duct-cannulated rats. Molecular species of plasmalogen absorbed into the lymph were measured by LC-MS/MS.
RESULTS
Lymph outputs of PlsCho and PlsEtn increased and reached a peak value at 3 h after PC and PE injection, respectively. The peak value of PlsCho was much higher and remained at a high level until 8 h, whereas PlsEtn output fell to half of the peak value at 7 h. Total lymphatic output of PlsCho was 5-times higher than that of PlsEtn. Compositions of sn-1 in lymph plasmalogens roughly reflected those of the injected lipids, whereas sn-2 in both PlsCho and PlsEtn was rich in arachidonic acid (20:4) regardless of the composition of the administered fatty acid. Both plasmalogen and lysoplasmalogen after PE injection were not released into the portal vein.
CONCLUSION
Lymphatic absorption of PlsCho is much higher than that of PlsEtn in rats, and plasmalogens are re-esterified as 20:4-rich forms in the small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Emulsions; Esterification; Intestinal Absorption; Isomerism; Kinetics; Lymph; Lymphatic System; Lysophospholipids; Male; Plasmalogens; Portal Vein; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 21152926
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0149-0 -
The Biochemical Journal Mar 1959
Topics: Animals; Humans; Male; Plasmalogens; Semen; Sheep; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 13638247
DOI: 10.1042/bj0710423 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Mar 2003To investigate the effects of ethanolamine plasmalogen, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol on the oxidizability of membranes, various large...
To investigate the effects of ethanolamine plasmalogen, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, and alpha-tocopherol on the oxidizability of membranes, various large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) including these lipids and antioxidant were examined for their total membrane oxidizabilities, evaluated as R(p)/R(i)(1/2) value (where R(p) is rate of oxygen consumption and R(i)(1/2) is the square root of rate of chain initiation) by the oxygen uptake method with water-soluble radical initiator and inhibitor. Incorporation of bovine brain ethanolamine plasmalogen (BBEP) into vesicles as well as cholesterol led to lower the total membrane oxidizability dose-dependently. The effect of BBEP was more efficient in the presence of cholesterol in vesicles. On the other hand, diacyl counterpart, egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine, and a typical radical scavenger, alpha-tocopherol, had no effect on the membrane oxidizability. Alpha-tocopherol only prolonged an induction period dose-dependently in the present oxidizing system, suggesting a novel antioxidant mechanism of ethanolamine plasmalogens besides the action of scavenging radicals.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Cholesterol; Drug Combinations; Free Radical Scavengers; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Plasmalogens; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 12604340
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00157-8