-
Bailliere's Clinical Haematology Jul 1989
Review
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Cell Survival; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Megakaryocytes; Phagocytosis; Platelet Adhesiveness; Platelet Aggregation
PubMed: 2673427
DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3536(89)80032-0 -
British Medical Bulletin Sep 1977
Review
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Platelet Aggregation
PubMed: 334320
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071437 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2012Like many nucleated mammalian cells, the life and death of the anucleate platelet is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins. Platelets depend on Bcl-x(L) for survival....
Like many nucleated mammalian cells, the life and death of the anucleate platelet is regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins. Platelets depend on Bcl-x(L) for survival. Bcl-x(L) maintains platelet viability by restraining the killer protein Bak. When Bak is unleashed, it triggers classical intrinsic apoptosis by causing mitochondrial damage. The latter leads to caspase activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. Platelet apoptosis can be blocked by caspase inhibitors, or by genetic deletion of Bak and its close relative Bax. Perturbations in the platelet apoptosis program lead to changes in platelet life span in vivo. Here, we describe methods to determine platelet life span, enumerate young platelets, and measure hallmarks of platelet apoptosis, such as PS exposure, caspase activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Biological Assay; Blood Platelets; Mice
PubMed: 22130700
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-307-3_5 -
The Analyst Dec 2011Platelet aggregation is essential for vascular haemostasis and thrombosis. To improve the therapy of arterial thrombotic disorders and identify novel therapeutic targets... (Review)
Review
Platelet aggregation is essential for vascular haemostasis and thrombosis. To improve the therapy of arterial thrombotic disorders and identify novel therapeutic targets it is imperative to study basic mechanisms of platelet thrombus formation. To date most data on biology, physiology and pharmacology of platelet aggregation have been obtained by studying this phenomenon under static or quasi-dynamic conditions at the macroscale level. There is a widespread recognition for the need of new technologies that will help to further elucidate the role of platelets in physiological and pathological thrombus formation and to design more effective and specific antithrombotic drugs. Micro- and nanofluidic devices, capable of reaching nanoscale resolution, can be used for this purpose setting the scene for the development of novel methods for studying platelet function in physiology, pathology and therapeutics.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Humans; Microfluidics; Nanotechnology; Platelet Aggregation; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques
PubMed: 22029043
DOI: 10.1039/c1an15445a -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Jul 2011Genetic defects of platelet function give rise to mucocutaneous bleeding of varying severity because platelets fail to fulfil their haemostatic role after vessel injury.... (Review)
Review
Genetic defects of platelet function give rise to mucocutaneous bleeding of varying severity because platelets fail to fulfil their haemostatic role after vessel injury. Abnormalities of pathways involving glycoprotein (GP) mediators of adhesion (Bernard-Soulier syndrome, platelet-type von Willebrand disease) and aggregation (Glanzmann thrombasthenia) are the most studied and affect the GPIb-IX-V complex and integrin αIIbβ3, respectively. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-III combines Glanzmann thrombasthenia with infections and defects of kindlin-3, a mediator of integrin activation. Agonist-specific deficiencies in platelet aggregation relate to mutations of primary receptors for ADP (P2Y(12)), thromboxane A(2) (TXA2R) and collagen (GPVI); however, selective abnormalities of intracellular signalling pathways remain better understood in mouse models. Defects of secretion from δ-granules are accompanied by pigment defects in the Hermansky-Pudlak and Chediak-Higashi syndromes; they concern multiple genes and protein complexes involved in secretory organelle biogenesis and function. Quebec syndrome is linked to a tandem duplication of the urokinase plasminogen activator (PLAU) gene while locus assignment to chromosome 3p has advanced the search for the gene(s) responsible for α-granule deficiency in the gray platelet syndrome. Defects of α-granule biosynthesis also involve germline VPS33B mutations in the ARC (arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction and cholestasis) syndrome. A mutation in transmembrane protein 16F (TMEM16F) has been linked to a defective procoagulant activity and phosphatidylserine expression in the Scott syndrome. Cytoskeletal dysfunction (with platelet anisotrophy) occurs not only in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome but also in filamin A deficiency or MYH9-related disease while GATA1 mutations or RUNX1 haploinsufficiency can affect expression of multiple platelet proteins.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion; Humans; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 21781244
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04274.x -
Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine Aug 2004Newly developed proteomic technologies now permit the routine identification of hundreds or even thousands of proteins in a single experiment. However, the global study... (Review)
Review
Newly developed proteomic technologies now permit the routine identification of hundreds or even thousands of proteins in a single experiment. However, the global study of any proteome has unique challenges that set it apart from comprehensive studies of genes and transcripts. The detection of low-abundance, biologically relevant proteins poses a particular challenge, especially given that the dynamic range of proteins in cells is estimated to be > or =10(6). Nevertheless, the incorporation of proteomics into functional biochemical and biologic investigation has proved to be a powerful tool when applied to platelet biology. This review highlights recent proteomic approaches to the characterization of the proteins released from activated platelets and to the identification of integrin-associated regulators of platelet function. Also described are efforts to link platelet-proteomic and platelet-transcriptional data.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Humans; Platelet Activation; Proteome; Proteomics
PubMed: 15451512
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2004.06.001 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Aug 2014Platelets, known for their role in primary haemostasis, prevent excessive bleeding after injury. The study of platelets has, therefore, traditionally focused on bleeding... (Review)
Review
Platelets, known for their role in primary haemostasis, prevent excessive bleeding after injury. The study of platelets has, therefore, traditionally focused on bleeding disorders. It has recently become evident, however, that platelet research can contribute to unravelling the disease mechanisms that underlie neuropathological disorders that have a subtle subclinical platelet phenotype. Platelets and neurosecretory cells have common gene expression profiles and share several biological features. This review provides a literature update on the use of platelets as easily accessible cells to study neurological disorders. We provide examples of the use of different platelet-based tests to understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for both complex and monogenetic neuropathological disorders. In addition to the well-studied regulated granule secretion and serotonin metabolism, more recent studies have shown that defects in transcription factors, membrane transporters, G-protein signal transduction, and cytoskeletal proteins can be investigated using platelets to gain information on their role in neuropathology.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 24579816
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12421 -
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis :... Nov 2009
Topics: Bacteria; Blood Platelets; Humans; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 19740097
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03611.x -
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mar 2009The electron microscope has proved to be a useful tool to study and understand the biology of platelets and to classify many platelet disorders. After a technical... (Review)
Review
The electron microscope has proved to be a useful tool to study and understand the biology of platelets and to classify many platelet disorders. After a technical overview, this article reviews syndromes originating from platelet organelle, cytoskeleton, and membrane defects for which electron microscopy plays a role in the diagnostic process, such as gray platelet syndrome, Paris-Trousseau syndrome, storage pool diseases, MYH9-related thrombocytopenias, or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Particular focus is given to the ultrastructural aspect of platelets in these disorders.
Topics: Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
PubMed: 19408194
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1220329 -
Vox Sanguinis 1981
Review
Topics: Blood Platelets; Blood Preservation; Blood Transfusion; Cell Survival; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Malondialdehyde; Platelet Transfusion; Radioisotopes
PubMed: 7027626
DOI: No ID Found