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Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2016After many years in the family Vibrionaceae, the genus Plesiomonas, represented by a single species, P. shigelloides, currently resides in the family Enterobacteriaceae,... (Review)
Review
After many years in the family Vibrionaceae, the genus Plesiomonas, represented by a single species, P. shigelloides, currently resides in the family Enterobacteriaceae, although its most appropriate phylogenetic position may yet to be determined. Common environmental reservoirs for plesiomonads include freshwater ecosystems and estuaries and inhabitants of these aquatic environs. Long suspected as being an etiologic agent of bacterial gastroenteritis, convincing evidence supporting this conclusion has accumulated over the past 2 decades in the form of a series of foodborne outbreaks solely or partially attributable to P. shigelloides. The prevalence of P. shigelloides enteritis varies considerably, with higher rates reported from Southeast Asia and Africa and lower numbers from North America and Europe. Reasons for these differences may include hygiene conditions, dietary habits, regional occupations, or other unknown factors. Other human illnesses caused by P. shigelloides include septicemia and central nervous system disease, eye infections, and a variety of miscellaneous ailments. For years, recognizable virulence factors potentially associated with P. shigelloides pathogenicity were lacking; however, several good candidates now have been reported, including a cytotoxic hemolysin, iron acquisition systems, and lipopolysaccharide. While P. shigelloides is easy to identify biochemically, it is often overlooked in stool samples due to its smaller colony size or relatively low prevalence in gastrointestinal samples. However, one FDA-approved PCR-based culture-independent diagnostic test system to detect multiple enteropathogens (FilmArray) includes P. shigelloides on its panel. Plesiomonads produce β-lactamases but are typically susceptible to many first-line antimicrobial agents, including quinolones and carbapenems.
Topics: Foodborne Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Phylogeny; Plesiomonas; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 26960939
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00103-15 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health... (Review)
Review
Fish and fish products are considered a fundamental part of the human diet due to their high nutritional value. Food-borne diseases are considered a major public health challenge worldwide due to their incidence, associated mortality, and negative economic repercussions. Food safety is the guarantee that foods will not cause harm to the health of those who consume them, and it is a fundamental property of food quality. Food safety can be at risk of being lost at any stage of the food chain if the food is contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Many diverse bacteria are present in the environment and as part of the microbiota of food that can be transmitted to humans during the handling and consumption of food. has been mainly associated with outbreaks of gastrointestinal diseases due to the consumption of fish. This bacterium inhabits the environment and aquatic animals and is associated with the microbiota of fish such as tilapia, a fish of importance in fishing, aquaculture, commercialization, and consumption worldwide. The purpose of this document is to provide, through a bibliographic review of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, among others), a general informative perspective on food-borne diseases and, in particular, the consumption of fish and tilapia. Diseases derived from contamination by are included, and control and prevention actions and sanitary regulations for fishery products established in several countries around the world are discussed to promote the safety of foods of aquatic origin intended for human consumption and to protect public health.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Bacterial Load; Cryopreservation; Disease Reservoirs; Fish Diseases; Fish Products; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Food Safety; Gastroenteritis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Plesiomonas; Prevalence; Quality Control; Seafood; Tilapia; Water Pollution
PubMed: 34594160
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3119958 -
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi = Chinese... May 1991Although Plesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a cause of diarrhea in the Orient, it has infrequently been noted to be associated with diarrhea in Taiwan. Six... (Review)
Review
Although Plesiomonas shigelloides is considered to be a cause of diarrhea in the Orient, it has infrequently been noted to be associated with diarrhea in Taiwan. Six cases of various extent of diarrhea were found to be associated with P. shigelloides in stool culture in this department between January 1987 and December 1988. Only two of them had history of chronic diarrhea and the others had mild or even no symptom. All six strains of this organism were susceptible to most commonly used antibiotics, but resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, clindamycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and vancomycin. Those which required least minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Our experiences showed that P. shigelloides may cause mild diarrhea in normal hosts. It sometimes is an incidental finding. An oxidase test for this organism should be included as routine culture of the stool specimen, but treatment is not always necessary.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vibrionaceae; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 1649680
DOI: No ID Found -
Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology May 2019Knowledge of the pathogenic roles of certain bacterial agents in gastroenteritis has been growing over the past few decades. With the increasing use of multiplex... (Review)
Review
Knowledge of the pathogenic roles of certain bacterial agents in gastroenteritis has been growing over the past few decades. With the increasing use of multiplex molecular-based syndromic stool pathogen panels, the roles of Plesiomonas shigelloides and some of the diarrheagenic pathotypes of Escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic E. coli [ETEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], enteroinvasive E. coli [EIEC], and enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC]) have been better understood. Although not currently targeted on Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared commercial multiplex stool panels, Aeromonas has also emerged as a possible cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. The clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and diagnostic approaches to these pathogens in stool specimens are reviewed. Variability in inclusion of these pathogens on multiplex molecular panels and difficulties in detection by stool culture techniques utilized by clinical microbiology laboratories have contributed to an unclear understanding of the pathogenic role of several of these pathogens. Nonetheless, most evidence points towards a clear pathogenic role for P. shigelloides and ETEC, and possibly EPEC and EIEC. The contribution of Aeromonas spp. and EAEC to bacterial gastroenteritis has not been fully established. Further studies of pathogenicity of these pathogens are needed.
Topics: Aeromonas; Bacterial Infections; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Feces; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Plesiomonas
PubMed: 31036328
DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2019.04.012 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Feb 2022About 10% of bacteria have a multichromosome genome with a primary replicon of bacterial origin, called the chromosome, and other replicons of plasmid origin, the...
About 10% of bacteria have a multichromosome genome with a primary replicon of bacterial origin, called the chromosome, and other replicons of plasmid origin, the chromids. Studies on multichromosome bacteria revealed potential points of coordination between the replication/segregation of chromids and the progression of the cell cycle. For example, replication of the chromid of Vibrionales (called Chr2) is initiated upon duplication of a sequence carried by the primary chromosome (called Chr1), in such a way that replication of both replicons is completed synchronously. Also, Chr2 uses the Chr1 as a scaffold for its partition in the daughter cells. How many of the features detected so far are required for the proper integration of a secondary chromosome in the cell cycle? How many more features remain to be discovered? We hypothesized that critical features for the integration of the replication/segregation of a given chromid within the cell cycle program would be conserved independently of the species in which the chromid has settled. Hence, we searched for a chromid related to that found in Vibrionales outside of this order. We identified one in Plesiomonas shigelloides, an aquatic and pathogenic enterobacterium that diverged early within the clade of Enterobacterales. Our results suggest that the chromids present in P. shigelloides and Vibrionales derive from a common ancestor. We initiated in silico genomic and proteomic comparative analyses of P. shigelloides, Vibrionales, and Enterobacterales that enabled us to establish a list of features likely involved in the maintenance of the chromid within the host cell cycle.
Topics: Chromosomes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Plesiomonas; Proteomics; Vibrio
PubMed: 35078241
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac011 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Dec 2019Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from humans, animals and the environment. It has been associated with diarrhoeal...
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from humans, animals and the environment. It has been associated with diarrhoeal disease in humans and various epizootic diseases in animals. In this study P. shigelloides strains were isolated from the faecal material of a captive Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFP) living in semi-natural conditions in China. Plesiomonas shigelloides strain EE2 was subjected to whole genome sequencing. The draft genome was then compared to the genome sequences of ten other P. shigelloides isolates using the Pathosystems Resource Integration Center pipeline. In addition to several virulence factors which have been previously reported, we are proposing new candidate virulence factors such as a repeats-in-toxin protein, lysophospholipase, a twin-arginine translocation system and the type VI secretion effector Phospholipase A1.
Topics: Animals; China; Feces; Genome, Bacterial; Plesiomonas; Porpoises; Virulence Factors; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 31372945
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-019-01303-6 -
Annual Review of Microbiology 1988
Review
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Humans; Vibrionaceae; Virulence
PubMed: 3059998
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.mi.42.100188.002143 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Aug 2010In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed... (Review)
Review
In this study, we report the case of a 2.5-day-old neonate with septicemia and meningitis due to Plesiomonas shigelloides. Culture of the cerebrospinal fluid showed Gram-negative rods, although the glucose, protein and leukocyte counts were normal. The patient was treated with meropenem and survived without any sequelae, although we were not able to identify the source of the infection. In addition, ten previously reported cases of this infection are reviewed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meningoencephalitis; Meropenem; Plesiomonas; Sepsis; Thienamycins; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20688296
DOI: 10.1016/S1684-1182(10)60053-9 -
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 1996A 13-year-old girl with Plesiomonas shigelloides septicemia is reported. The infection occurred while she was receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for... (Review)
Review
A 13-year-old girl with Plesiomonas shigelloides septicemia is reported. The infection occurred while she was receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Treatment with ciprofloxacin was successful. Twenty-one cases of Plesiomonas septicemia have been reported in the literature. Immunocompromised hosts, especially neonates, are commonly affected. The case mortality rate is high, with 13 of the reported patients dying of the infection. Successful treatment relies on the early identification of the organism and implementation of effective antibiotics.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteremia; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Ciprofloxacin; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; Male; Postoperative Complications; Transplantation, Homologous; Vibrionaceae
PubMed: 8735343
DOI: 10.3109/08880019609030826 -
International Journal of Food... Apr 1991Aeromonas and Plesiomonas have become increasingly recognized as human enteropathogens. Plesiomonas shigelloides has mainly been recovered from various sea foods,... (Review)
Review
Aeromonas and Plesiomonas have become increasingly recognized as human enteropathogens. Plesiomonas shigelloides has mainly been recovered from various sea foods, whereas Aeromonas sp. have also been cultured from pigs, broilers, eggs, milk and vegetables. Aeromonas sp. also multiply rapidly at +4 degrees C which is a significant risk in food storage. Aeromonas sp. have furthermore been recovered from fresh water sources, and some isolates are resistant to chlorination which makes it a further risk factor. No large food- or waterborne outbreaks have been reported so far with Aeromonas sp. Various virulence factors involved in intestinal infections are described such as enterotoxins, cytotoxins, and adhesins.
Topics: Aeromonas; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Diarrhea; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Vibrionaceae; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 1854599
DOI: 10.1016/0168-1605(91)90144-e