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Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2001
Topics: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 11218793
DOI: No ID Found -
MSphere Sep 2019pneumonia is the most common serious opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, pneumonia is a feared complication of the immunosuppressive drug...
pneumonia is the most common serious opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, pneumonia is a feared complication of the immunosuppressive drug regimens used to treat autoimmunity, malignancy, and posttransplantation rejection. With an increasing at-risk population, there is a strong need for novel approaches to discover diagnostic and vaccine targets. There are multiple challenges to finding these targets, however. First, has a largely unannotated genome. To address this, we evaluated each protein encoded within the genome by comparisons to proteins encoded within the genomes of other fungi using NCBI BLAST. Second, relies on a multiphasic life cycle, as both the transmissible form (the ascus) and the replicative form (the trophozoite [troph]) reside within the alveolar space of the host. To that end, we purified asci and trophs from and utilized transcriptomics to identify differentially regulated genes. Two such genes, and , are differentially regulated in the ascus and the troph, respectively, and can be utilized to characterize the state of the life cycle , encoding a β-1,3-glucan synthase with a large extracellular domain previously identified using surface proteomics, was more highly expressed on the ascus form of GSC-1 ectodomain immunization generated a strong antibody response that demonstrated the ability to recognize the surface of the asci. GSC-1 ectodomain immunization was also capable of reducing ascus burden following primary challenge with Finally, mice immunized with the GSC-1 ectodomain had limited fungal burden following natural transmission of using a cohousing model. The current report enhances our understanding of biology in a number of ways. First, the current study provided a preliminary annotation of the genome, addressing a long-standing issue in the field. Second, this study validated two novel transcripts enriched in the two predominant life forms of These findings allow better characterization of the life cycle and could be valuable diagnostic tools. Furthermore, this study outlined a novel pipeline of -omics techniques capable of revealing novel antigens (e.g., GSC-1) for the development of vaccines against .
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Fungal; Female; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Genome, Fungal; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Proteomics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31484742
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00488-19 -
Danish Medical Bulletin Aug 2004
Review
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Genotype; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Serotyping
PubMed: 16009058
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift... Jun 2005
Review
Topics: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Humans; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sputum; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 15915380
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-868737 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Sep 2020Due to the increasing use of immunosuppressant therapy, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has become an emerging concern in human immunodeficiency virus...
Due to the increasing use of immunosuppressant therapy, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) has become an emerging concern in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients. In this study, we conducted a retrospective study of 96 hospitalized patients with PJP from January 2015 to June 2019 at three tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Southern China. Information was collected regarding patient demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors, laboratory analyses, radiological images, and treatment outcomes. PJP infection was most commonly found in middle-aged men. Kidney diseases (35.5%) and connective tissue diseases (38.7%) were the predominant risk factors for PJP. About half of the patients (48.4%) received glucocorticoid, immunosuppressant, and/or chemotherapy in a low dose or in a short-term (< 3 months). None of the patients had previously received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for PJP prophylaxis. All patients had two or more clinical manifestations (cough, dyspnea, fever, and chest pain). Biochemical investigations of CRP, ESR, PaO, LDH, and KL-6 showed that over 90% of the patients exceeded the reference range of indicators. Our analyses revealed the dominant risk factors (HIV, kidney diseases, and connective tissue diseases) and the most consistent biochemical indicators (LDH, BG, and KL-6) for PJP. Moreover, early prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment should contribute to improve the survival of these PJP patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antifungal Agents; China; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Retrospective Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
PubMed: 32363569
DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00277-2 -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Apr 2006This study describes the initial data concerning molecular typing of Pneumocystis jirovecii in a patient having developed granulomatous Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)....
This study describes the initial data concerning molecular typing of Pneumocystis jirovecii in a patient having developed granulomatous Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Three types, B(1)a(3), B(1)a(4), B(1)b(2), were identified. All three had been described in reports concerning patients with common diffuse alveolar PCP. The present data show that identical microorganisms can be involved in both granulomatous PCP and diffuse alveolar PCP and that the pathogenesis of the granulomatous response to P. jirovecii may more likely be related to host factors.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatal Outcome; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Granuloma; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 16580165
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.11.015 -
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology... Dec 2020Fungal organisms of the genus Pneumocystis may cause Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, but also domestic and wild mammals. Almost every animal species hosts its...
Fungal organisms of the genus Pneumocystis may cause Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, but also domestic and wild mammals. Almost every animal species hosts its own genetically distinct Pneumocystis species, however information is sparse. In this study, 62 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 37 raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were collected in North-East Germany. The lung tissues of the animals were analysed by a new designed specific pan-Pneumocystis mtLSU rRNA gene PCR and sequencing. With this PCR, detection and discrimination of all known Pneumocystis spp. in a single step should be possible. This first detection of Pneumocystis spp. in 29/62 (46.8%) red foxes and 29/37 (78.4%) raccoon dogs indicated, that they harbour two dissimilar strains, as seen by specific single nucleotide position changes (SNPs). Nevertheless, five samples with contrary SNPs showed a probable inter-species transmission.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Fungal; Female; Foxes; Lung; Male; Phylogeny; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Raccoon Dogs; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32871298
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101531 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Jan 2013Pneumocystis without obvious accompanying pathology is occasionally reported in autopsied infant lungs. Its prevalence and significance are unknown. Interestingly, this...
BACKGROUND
Pneumocystis without obvious accompanying pathology is occasionally reported in autopsied infant lungs. Its prevalence and significance are unknown. Interestingly, this mild infection induces a strong activation of mucus secretion-related genes in young immunocompetent rodents that has not been explored in infants. Excess mucus is induced by multiple airway offenders through nonspecific pathways and would explain a cofactor role of Pneumocystis in respiratory disease. We undertook characterization of the prevalence of Pneumocystis and associated mucus in infant lungs.
METHODS
Samples from 128 infants (mean age, 101 days) who died suddenly and unexpectedly in Santiago during 1999-2004 were examined for Pneumocystis using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) amplification of the P. jirovecii mtLSU ribosomal RNA gene and immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). Pneumocystis-negative infants 28 days and older and their age-closest positives were studied for MUC5AC expression and Pneumocystis burden by Western blot and quantitative PCR, respectively.
RESULTS
Pneumocystis DNA was detected by nPCR in 105 of the 128 infants (82.0%) and Pneumocystis organisms were visualized by IF in 99 (94.3%) of the DNA-positive infants. The infection was commonest at 3-4 months with 40 of 41 (97.6%) infants of that age testing positive. MUC5AC was significantly increased in Pneumocystis-positive tissue specimens (P = .013). Death was unexplained in 113 (88.3%) infants; Pneumocystis was detected in 95 (84.0%) of them vs 10 of 15 (66.7%) with explained death (P = .28).
CONCLUSIONS
A highly focal Pneumocystis infection associated to increased mucus expression is almost universally present in the lungs of infants dying unexpectedly in the community regardless of autopsy diagnosis.
Topics: Autopsy; Colony Count, Microbial; DNA, Fungal; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Male; Microscopy; Mucin 5AC; Mucus; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Prevalence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sudden Infant Death
PubMed: 23074306
DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis870 -
The International Journal of... Dec 2005
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16466049
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Aug 1988Diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia is based on identifying Pneumocystis carinii cytochemically in material from the lung. The silver methenamine staining methods most...
Diagnosis of pneumocystis pneumonia is based on identifying Pneumocystis carinii cytochemically in material from the lung. The silver methenamine staining methods most commonly used are technically difficult and lack specificity. The diagnostic value of immunocytological identification of the parasite was evaluated by using mouse monoclonal antibody 3F6, specific for human pneumocystis, to identify P carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum by immunofluorescence and was compared with that of other variables. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on 25 patients positive for HIV antibody with clinically suspected pneumocystis pneumonia and 40 patients negative for HIV antibody who presented with interstitial disorders of the lung. Lavage fluid showed pneumocystis only in the patients positive for antibody, the parasite being detected in 19 by immunofluorescence and in 17 by a modified silver methenamine staining method. Chest x ray films obtained at the time of bronchoscopy showed interstitial or alveolar shadowing in 17 of the 19 patients, but clinical symptoms and the presence of antibodies to pneumocystis did not seem to be predictive. Sputum samples were collected during 43 episodes of clinically suspected pneumocystis pneumonia in patients positive for HIV antibody. Pneumocystis was detected consistently more commonly by immunofluorescence than the silver strain in sputum collected routinely and induced by inhalation of saline. In 17 patients bronchoalveolar lavage followed sputum collection, and the sensitivity of detection of pneumocystis in immunofluorescence in sputum compared with lavage fluid was 57% (8/14). Immunofluorescence was suitable for specimens fixed in ethanol and seemed highly specific and more sensitive than the standard cytochemical methods for identifying pneumocystis.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Protozoan; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Sputum
PubMed: 3044514
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.297.6645.381