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Medical Mycology May 2021Pulmonary specimen pairs from five patients who presented with pulmonary colonization and later developed Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PcP) were retrospectively examined for...
Pulmonary specimen pairs from five patients who presented with pulmonary colonization and later developed Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PcP) were retrospectively examined for P. jirovecii genotyping. A match of genotypes in pulmonary specimen pairs of three patients was observed, whereas a partial match and a mismatch were observed in the fourth and fifth patients, respectively. The genotyping results suggest that the colonization state can differ from PcP but can also represent the incubation period of PcP. Clinicians should not systematically rule out the treatment of putative colonized patients and should at least discuss the initiation of prophylaxis on a case-by-case basis.
Topics: Aged; Carrier State; DNA, Fungal; Diagnostic Errors; Female; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33369642
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa107 -
Microbes and Infection Jan 2002Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many... (Review)
Review
Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. Whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of latent infection, recent data suggest that active acquisition of infection, either through environmental exposure or person-to-person transmission, may occur. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the epidemiology and transmission of P. carinii and reports on evolving techniques that may improve our understanding of this organism in the future.
Topics: Animals; Child, Preschool; Environmental Microbiology; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Infant; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Rats
PubMed: 11825780
DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01514-3 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2021Lung cancer prognosis has improved in the last decade, including in patients with brain metastasis. However, few of these patients who receive corticosteroids have a...
Lung cancer prognosis has improved in the last decade, including in patients with brain metastasis. However, few of these patients who receive corticosteroids have a primary prophylaxis for pneumonia (PJP). We report the case of an 80-year-old man diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and concomitant symptomatic brain metastases, treated with 50 mg/day of prednisolone without any prophylaxis, who presented an acute PJP. After 72 hours of unsuccessful treatment of PJP, the patient died. In our review of this case and the existing literature, we emphasise the importance of a wide use of prophylaxis for PJP, especially in advanced lung cancer treated with corticosteroid therapy. We discuss this issue and report current evidence for primary prophylaxis by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 34183310
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232895 -
The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical... Sep 1991
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Karyotyping; Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis Infections; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 1919293
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2021Prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) prevents Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and nocardiosis in immunocompromised patients but sometimes is avoided...
Prophylactic trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) prevents Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and nocardiosis in immunocompromised patients but sometimes is avoided because of purported allergies or side effects. Of 25 immunocompromised patients receiving alternative prophylaxis in whom nocardiosis developed, 16 subsequently tolerated TMP/SMX treatment. Clinicians should consider TMP/SMX allergy evaluation and rechallenging to assess patient tolerance.
Topics: Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Nocardia Infections; Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34545802
DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.210620 -
The Medical Journal of Australia Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Hypercalcemia; Immunocompromised Host; Pneumocystis carinii
PubMed: 36263984
DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51761 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology Oct 1996
Topics: Animals; Genetic Variation; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Recurrence; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8849696
DOI: 10.1099/00222615-45-4-233 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Jul 2016
Topics: Humans; Pneumocystis carinii; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 26902237
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-016-3618-1 -
Medical Mycology Oct 2011From 1980 onwards, an increasing number of outbreaks of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among kidney transplant recipients have been reported. The cause of these outbreaks... (Review)
Review
From 1980 onwards, an increasing number of outbreaks of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among kidney transplant recipients have been reported. The cause of these outbreaks is unclear and different explanations have been provided. We performed a systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiologic characteristics as well as the involved clinical risk factors. A total of 15 peer-reviewed English language articles published from 1980 onward were included. Outbreak settings were all marked by absence of adequate chemoprophylaxis, frequent inter-patient contacts and lack of isolation measures taken during hospitalization of PCP cases. PCP-associated mortality rates significantly decreased from a weighted mean of 38% before 1990 to 19% and 13% in the following two decades. Clinical risk factors for PCP in outbreak settings were largely similar to non-outbreak settings. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) or comparison of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 showed that the outbreaks are most frequently caused by a predominant or a single Pneumocystis strain. Pooled epidemiological data and genotyping results strongly support the theory that interhuman transmission of Pneumocystis occurred. No seasonal trend was noted. The results emphasize the need for chemoprophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients despite a low baseline incidence of PCP in this population, and support the current CDC recommendation with regard to isolation of patients with PCP during hospitalization.
Topics: Cluster Analysis; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Molecular Typing; Mycological Typing Techniques; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Risk Factors; Seasons; Transplantation
PubMed: 21453224
DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.571294 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology 1992
Review
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Pneumocystis; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
PubMed: 1554424
DOI: 10.3109/10408419209114558