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Journal of the American Institute of... Apr 1964
Topics: Humans; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 14139523
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2014The objectives of this survey were to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1 and 3 and the impact of bivalent (types 1 and 3) oral poliovirus...
INTRODUCTION
The objectives of this survey were to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1 and 3 and the impact of bivalent (types 1 and 3) oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) use in immunization campaigns in northern India.
METHODS
In August 2010, a 2-stage stratified cluster sampling method identified infants aged 6-7 months in high-risk blocks for wild poliovirus infection. Vaccination history, weight and length, and serum were collected to test for neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3.
RESULTS
Seroprevalences of antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 98% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97%-99%), 66% (95% CI, 62%-69%), and 77% (95% CI, 75%-79%), respectively, among 664 infants from Bihar and 616 infants from Uttar Pradesh. Infants had received a median of 3 bOPV doses and 2 monovalent type 1 OPV (mOPV1) doses through campaigns and 3 trivalent OPV (tOPV) doses through routine immunization. Among subjects with 0 tOPV doses, the seroprevalences of antibodies to type 3 were 50%, 77%, and 82% after 2, 3, and 4 bOPV doses, respectively. In multivariable analysis, malnutrition was associated with a lower seroprevalence of type 3 antibodies.
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirmed that replacing mOPV1 with bOPV in campaigns was successful in maintaining very high population immunity to type 1 poliovirus and substantially decreasing the immunity gap to type 3 poliovirus.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccines; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Vaccination
PubMed: 25316842
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit492 -
Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1984Most of the poliovirus vaccine distributed in the United States since 1962 has been of the live, oral type ( OPV ). Production problems have not been a major concern for...
Most of the poliovirus vaccine distributed in the United States since 1962 has been of the live, oral type ( OPV ). Production problems have not been a major concern for the manufacturer. The statistics compiled by various authorities since the product was introduced relative to paralytic disease following the administration of OPV are discussed and recommendations for the use of OPV are cited.
Topics: Animals; Cercopithecus; Humans; Immunization; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 6740069
DOI: 10.1093/clinids/6.supplement_2.s328 -
JAMA Oct 1964
Topics: Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral; Child; Florida; Humans; Infant; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Statistics as Topic; Vaccines
PubMed: 14246605
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1964.03070160072025 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Oct 1962
Topics: Enterovirus C, Human; Humans; Paralysis; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines
PubMed: 13954690
DOI: No ID Found -
The Medical Annals of the District of... Aug 1965
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Infant; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Vaccination
PubMed: 14338446
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Jun 1990The control of poliomyelitis remains a provocative challenge. Alternative vaccination schedules, continuing research toward better vaccines, and ongoing international... (Review)
Review
The control of poliomyelitis remains a provocative challenge. Alternative vaccination schedules, continuing research toward better vaccines, and ongoing international scientific, epidemiologic, and economic collaboration may make it possible to provide effective immunization for all children of the world and eventually may eradicate poliomyelitis worldwide, a goal set forward by the Expanded Programme on Immunization of the World Health Organization.
Topics: Child; Developing Countries; History, 20th Century; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Infant; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; United States
PubMed: 2161507
DOI: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36908-5 -
Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C.... Nov 1962
Topics: Enterovirus C, Human; Humans; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Vaccines
PubMed: 13947055
DOI: No ID Found -
Antiviral Research Sep 2008Polio eradication is within sight. In bringing the world close to this ultimate goal, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has relied exclusively on the live,... (Review)
Review
Polio eradication is within sight. In bringing the world close to this ultimate goal, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) has relied exclusively on the live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). However, as eradication nears, continued OPV use becomes less tenable due to the incidence of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) in vaccine recipients and disease caused by circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) in contacts. Once wild poliovirus transmission has been interrupted globally, OPV use will stop. This will leave the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) as the only weapon to defend a polio-free world. Outbreaks caused by cVDPVs are expected post-OPV cessation, and accidental or deliberate releases of virus could also occur. There are serious doubts regarding the ability of IPV alone to control outbreaks. Here, we argue that antiviral drugs against poliovirus be added to the arsenal. Anti-poliovirus drugs could be used to treat the infected and protect the exposed, acting rapidly on their own to contain an outbreak and used as a complement to IPV. While there are no polio antiviral drugs today, the technological feasibility of developing such drugs and their probability of clinical success have been established by over three decades of drug development targeting the related rhinoviruses and non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs). Because of this history, there are known compounds with anti-poliovirus activity in vitro that represent excellent starting points for polio drug development. Stakeholders must come to understand the potential public health benefits of polio drugs, the feasibility of their development, and the relatively modest costs involved. Given the timelines for eradication and those for drug development, the time for action is now.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Drug Design; Drug Resistance, Viral; Global Health; Humans; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccines; Public Health
PubMed: 18513807
DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.04.002 -
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi [Chinese... Dec 2016The inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is a very old tool in the fight against poliomyelitis. Though supplanted by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the 1960s and...
The inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is a very old tool in the fight against poliomyelitis. Though supplanted by oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the 1960s and 1970s, the IPV has now become an inevitable choice because of the increasingly recognized risks associated with continuous use of OPVs. Following the pioneering work of Jonas Salk, who established key principles for the IPV, considerable experience has accumulated over the years. This work has led to modern Salk IPV-containing vaccines, based on the use of inactivated wildtype polioviruses, which have been deployed for routine use in many countries. Very good protection against paralysis is achieved with IPV through the presence of circulating antibodies able to neutralize virus infectivity toward motor neurons. In addition, with IPV, a variable degree of protection against mucosal infection (and therefore transmission) through mucosal antibodies and immune cells is achieved, depending on previous exposure of subjects to wildtype or vaccine polioviruses. The use of an IPV-followed-by-OPV sequential immunization schedule has the potential advantage of eliminating the vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) risk, while limiting the risks of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPVs). Sabin strain-derived IPVs are new tools, only recently beginning to be deployed, and data are being generated to document their performance. IPVs will play an irreplaceable role in global eradication of polio.
Topics: Child; Disease Eradication; Disease Outbreaks; Genotype; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
PubMed: 28057103
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.12.002