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Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Dec 2016Poliovirus infects 100% of susceptible individuals and causes acute flaccid paralysis in one out of200 infections. Type 1 causes epidemic poliomyelitis; type 2 has been...
Poliovirus infects 100% of susceptible individuals and causes acute flaccid paralysis in one out of200 infections. Type 1 causes epidemic poliomyelitis; type 2 has been eradicated worldwide; and type 3 is close to being eradicated. In this region, the last case of wild poliovirus occurred in Peru in 1991. There are still two endemic countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan, but countries where there is no circulation of the wild poliovirus have also reported imported cases of polio. In May 2012, the World Health Assembly declared the polio eradication a programmatic emergency for global public health and, as a result, developed the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. The Plan has four objectives: 1) Detect and interrupt all poliovirus transmission and maintain surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in children < 15 years. 2) Strengthen immunization systems and withdraw oral polio vaccine by the first trimester of 2016. Replace the trivalent oral polio vaccine with the bivalent oral vaccine, containing serotypes 1 and 3, and introduce the inactivated polio vaccine in all immunization schedules to maintain immunity against poliovirus type 2. 3) Contain poliovirus and certify interruption of transmission. 4) Plan the exploitation of the fight against polio and its impact on public health. The plan is expected to reach its goals by 2018; all use of the oral polio vaccine will be interrupted thereafter. Change in immunization schedules will require pediatricians to provide advice and guidance to families depending on the varied situations of everyday practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Disease Eradication; Global Health; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Time Factors
PubMed: 27869415
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2016.eng.557 -
POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, LIVE, ORAL (SABIN). FIRST FIELD TRIAL IN INDIA. II. RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTS.Indian Journal of Medical Sciences Jan 1964
Topics: Child; Humans; India; Infant; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 14117945
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Jul 1964
Topics: Bites and Stings; Humans; Poliovirus Vaccines
PubMed: 14147772
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Medical Journal Feb 1963
Topics: Humans; Poliovirus Vaccines
PubMed: 13991115
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Nov 1964Live attenuated measles vaccine, accompanied by a dose of gamma globulin to reduce systemic reactions, has given a high degree of protection, probably long lasting....
Live attenuated measles vaccine, accompanied by a dose of gamma globulin to reduce systemic reactions, has given a high degree of protection, probably long lasting. Further attenuated vaccine gives promise of achieving the same result without the use of gamma globulin. Inactivated vaccine has not been shown to give durable immunity, but a schedule of killed vaccine followed by live vaccine has provided protection with minimal reactions. Inactivated vaccine can probably be combined with other antigens.Sabin oral poliovirus vaccines of all three types have been highly effective in preventing paralytic illness and reducing the spread of virulent strains. Because of the rare occurrence, chiefly in adults, of paralytic cases considered to be probably vaccine-associated, though no proof was possible, it has been recommended in Canada that initial immunization with Salk vaccine be continued and that all infants and children should subsequently receive trivalent Sabin vaccine.
Topics: Adult; Canada; Child; Humans; Immunization; Infant; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Inactivated; gamma-Globulins
PubMed: 14229761
DOI: No ID Found -
Viral Immunology 1990
Review
Topics: History, 20th Century; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; Quality Control; Vaccines, Attenuated; Vaccines, Inactivated
PubMed: 2076176
DOI: 10.1089/vim.1990.3.243 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Dec 2006
Topics: History, 20th Century; Humans; Norway; Poliovirus Vaccines
PubMed: 17170768
DOI: No ID Found -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jan 1965
Topics: Adolescent; Body Fluids; Child; Cytodiagnosis; Inclusion Bodies; Neutralization Tests; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Tissue Culture Techniques; Urine; Virus Cultivation
PubMed: 14222016
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM196501282720402 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2014India presented many challenges to the global effort to eliminate the transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs) and poliomyelitis, with the last case of WPV type 2 in the...
BACKGROUND
India presented many challenges to the global effort to eliminate the transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs) and poliomyelitis, with the last case of WPV type 2 in the world reported in northern India in 1999 and WPV types 1 and 3 circulating until early 2011.
METHODS
We used a differential equation-based model to characterize the dynamics of poliovirus transmission and various opportunities to increase and maintain high population immunity to poliovirus transmission for 2 high-risk areas in northern India. We explored options that India probably considered before 2011, to demonstrate the impact of strategies to accelerate WPV elimination and sustain high population immunity. We also characterized the impact of current and potential future vaccination strategies and explored the potential trade-offs associated with the various strategies.
RESULTS
National immunization policy choices impact population immunity, which leads to different numbers of expected paralytic cases and risks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks. Assuming that India maintains high vaccination intensity everywhere, we do not anticipate issues with outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 infection following globally coordinated cessation of type 2-containting oral poliovirus vaccine use. We find a relatively modest potential role for inactivated poliovirus vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS
National policy makers should consider the impacts of their vaccine choices on population immunity to poliovirus transmission.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccines; Young Adult
PubMed: 25316861
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit844 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Jun 1964
Topics: Australia; Biometry; Humans; New Zealand; Poliomyelitis; Poliovirus; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; Poliovirus Vaccines; Statistics as Topic; United Kingdom; United States
PubMed: 14190860
DOI: No ID Found