-
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Feb 2007This article provides an overview of NADPH oxidase and its role in allergic inflammation. A background and historical perspectives of NADPH oxidase are first provided,... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of NADPH oxidase and its role in allergic inflammation. A background and historical perspectives of NADPH oxidase are first provided, followed by a detailed overview of mammalian NADPH oxidase subunits and their functional organization. Plant NADPH oxidase, the authors' discovery of NADPH oxidase in pollens, and their contribution to allergic inflammation are then discussed, concluding with a discussion of future directions and outstanding questions that require attention.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Inflammation; Mice; NADPH Oxidases; Pollen; Respiratory Hypersensitivity
PubMed: 17276878
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2006.11.007 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 1996Flowering plants have evolved various genetic mechanisms to circumvent the tendency for self-fertilization created by the close proximity of male and female reproductive... (Review)
Review
Flowering plants have evolved various genetic mechanisms to circumvent the tendency for self-fertilization created by the close proximity of male and female reproductive organs in a bisexual flower. One such mechanism is gametophytic self-incompatibility, which allows the female reproductive organ, the pistil, to distinguish between self pollen and non-self pollen; self pollen is rejected, whereas non-self pollen is accepted for fertilization. The Solanaceae family has been used as a model to study the molecular and biochemical basis of self/non-self-recognition and self-rejection. Discrimination of self and non-self pollen by the pistil is controlled by a single polymorphic locus, the S locus. The protein products of S alleles in the pistil, S proteins, were initially identified based on their cosegregation with S alleles. S proteins have recently been shown to indeed control the ability of the pistil to recognize and reject self pollen. S proteins are also RNases, and the RNase activity has been shown to be essential for rejection of self pollen, suggesting that the biochemical mechanism of self-rejection involves the cytotoxic action of the RNase activity. S proteins contain various numbers of N-linked glycans, but the carbohydrate moiety has been shown not to be required for the function of S proteins, suggesting that the S allele specificity determinant of S proteins lies in the amino acid sequence. The male component in self-incompatibility interactions, the pollen S gene, has not yet been identified. The possible nature of the pollen S gene product and the possible mechanism by which allele-specific rejection of pollen is accomplished are discussed.
Topics: Alleles; Genotype; Plant Proteins; Plants; Pollen; Protein Sorting Signals; Reproduction; Ribonucleases
PubMed: 8901531
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.22.12059 -
PloS One 2023The rice GA biosynthetic gene OsGA3ox1 has been proposed to regulate pollen development through the gametophytic manner, but cellular characterization of its mutant...
The rice GA biosynthetic gene OsGA3ox1 has been proposed to regulate pollen development through the gametophytic manner, but cellular characterization of its mutant pollen is lacking. In this study, three heterozygotic biallelic variants, "-3/-19", "-3/-2" and "-3/-10", each containing one null and one 3bp-deletion allele, were obtained by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique for the functional study of OsGA3ox1. The three homozygotes, "-19/-19", "-2/-2" and "-10/-10", derived from heterozygotic variants, did not affect the development of most vegetative and floral organs but showed a significant reduction in seed-setting rate and in pollen viability. Anatomic characterizations of these mutated osga3ox1 pollens revealed defects in starch granule accumulation and pollen wall development. Additional molecular characterization suggests that abnormal pollen development in the osga3ox1 mutants might be linked to the regulation of transcription factors OsGAMYB, OsTDR and OsbHLH142 during late pollen development. In brief, the rice GA3ox1 is a crucial gene that modulates pollen starch granule accumulation and pollen wall development at the gametophytic phase.
Topics: Oryza; Plant Proteins; Seeds; Pollen; Starch; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37812600
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292400 -
Annals of Allergy Jul 1968
Review
Topics: Air Pollution; Antigens; Ecology; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Pollen; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
PubMed: 4873807
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Feb 2006The molecular basis of pollen-related food allergy is the marked similarity in sequence and structure of allergenic proteins in pollens and food plants. In affected... (Review)
Review
The molecular basis of pollen-related food allergy is the marked similarity in sequence and structure of allergenic proteins in pollens and food plants. In affected patients, specific IgE antibodies are primarily directed against pollen allergens but then recognize homologous allergens in plant food. In Central and Northern Europe up to 80% of birch pollen allergic subjects suffer from a food allergy, in particular to stone- and pip fruits, nuts and vegetables. The main clinical manifestation of pollen-related food allergy is the oral allergy syndrome (OAS), a contact urticaria of the oral mucosa. Other features include contact urticaria of the hands in those handling the foods, as well as generalized urticaria and angioedema following ingestion. The impact of pollen-related food allergy on the severity and course of atopic eczema remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Diagnosis, Differential; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Pollen; Urticaria
PubMed: 16421761
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-005-1077-4 -
Journal of Investigational Allergology... 1998Over the last three decades several authors have described the existence of an association between sensitivity to different pollens and sensitivity to diverse edible... (Review)
Review
Over the last three decades several authors have described the existence of an association between sensitivity to different pollens and sensitivity to diverse edible vegetables. An association between ragweed pollinosis and hypersensitivity to Cucurbitaceae vegetables (e.g., watermelon, melon, cucumber) and banana has been reported. Other authors have found a relationship between birch pollinosis and sensitization to hazelnut, apple, carrot, potato, kiwi and other vegetables. Additionally, several papers have shown the association between mugwort pollinosis and sensitization to celery, carrot, spices, nuts, mustard and Leguminoseae vegetables. Later, some studies showed association between grass pollinosis and sensitization to tomato, potato, green- pea, peanut, watermelon, melon, apple, orange and kiwi. Finally, an association between sensitization to plantain pollen and melon hypersensitivity was also described. The association between pollinosis and edible vegetable sensitization has been explained by the combination of different hypotheses, such as the following: 1) presence of lectins in edible vegetables; 2) existence of IgE to carbohydrates of the glycoproteins (cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants); and, 3) existence of common allergens between pollens and edible vegetables. Up to now three allergens have been identified as responsible for cross-reactivity in these associations: profilin, a 14 kd protein that regulates actin; Bet v 1, the 18 kd birch pollen allergen; and a 60-69 kd allergen. It is important to study in depth these associated sensitizations and the common allergens responsible for them in order to improve diagnostic methods and treatment of these syndromes.
Topics: Allergens; Cross Reactions; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Models, Immunological; Pollen; Vegetables
PubMed: 9555613
DOI: No ID Found -
Microscopy Research and Technique May 2021Around 30 pollen samples, 16 families and 25 genera that were gathered, identified and preserved from 6 different localities of District Sheikhupura. Light and scanning...
Around 30 pollen samples, 16 families and 25 genera that were gathered, identified and preserved from 6 different localities of District Sheikhupura. Light and scanning electron microscopy was done for all collected flora. Out of the total samples, 43% specie was identified as herbs, 23% as shrubs, and 33% were identified as trees. The flora was both wild and cultivated. Wild plants were 33%, cultivated 40% and 26% of them were both wild and cultivated. Qualitative and Quantitative survey of pollens revealed polar shape of pollens were 37% spheroidal, 20% prolate spheroidal, 17% oblate spheroidal, remaining were rectangular and pecolpate. Sexine and nexine were available in 100% of samples. Thirty-three percentage of pollen grains were having spines on them. The presence of spines on pollen grains represents the evolutionary relationship amongst the plants. Current study was conducted to record and analyze palynomorphic diversity in district Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
Topics: Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pakistan; Plants; Pollen; Trees
PubMed: 33381890
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23656 -
European Annals of Allergy and Clinical... Sep 2003Recent progress in understanding structural relationships between allergens has allowed their classification into molecular families. Proteins belonging to a molecular... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Recent progress in understanding structural relationships between allergens has allowed their classification into molecular families. Proteins belonging to a molecular family often show some degree of IgE cross-reactivity. These cross-reactions can lead to a clinical association like birch-apple syndrome whose basis is a sensitization to a PR-10 protein (birch pollen Bet v 1) and then oral symptoms in contact to apple Mal d 1, another PR-10 family member. Food allergens implicated into pollen-food allergy syndromes differ from those linked to crustacea or milk cross-allergies: they seem unable to sensitize the patient through oral route. As a result, they most often induce weaker clinical reactions than complete allergens like those present in shrimp or cow milk. Numerous molecular families have been isolated from pollens. PR-10 and profilins have a well established role in inducing clinical reactions to food like fruits and vegetables. Some molecular families need more studies to delineate their true impact on pollen-driven food reactions: polygalacturonases, pectate lyases, isoflavone reductases, thaumatin-like, cyclophilins.... Others are found in pollen but not in eaten products: 2-EF-hand calcium binding proteins, beta expansins,... Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) are widespread plant food allergens (e.g. in peach): these proteins seem able to directly sensitize the patient through oral route. But recent data have suggested a possible additional effect of some LTP present in pollens (mugwort, olive, pellitory).
Topics: Allergens; Cross Reactions; Dietary Proteins; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Molecular Structure; Plant Proteins; Pollen; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 14626714
DOI: No ID Found -
International Archives of Allergy and... Dec 2004Tree pollens are among the most important allergen sources. Allergic cross-reactivity to pollens of trees from various plant orders has so far been classified according... (Review)
Review
Tree pollens are among the most important allergen sources. Allergic cross-reactivity to pollens of trees from various plant orders has so far been classified according to botanical relationships. In this context, cross-reactivities to pollens of trees of the Fagales order (birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, oak, chestnut), fruits and vegetables, between pollens of the Scrophulariales (olive, ash, plantain, privet, lilac) and pollens of the Coniferales (cedar, cypress, pine) are well established. The application of molecular biology methods for allergen characterization has revealed the molecular nature of many important tree pollen allergens. We review the spectrum of tree pollen allergens and propose a classification of tree pollen and related allergies based on major allergen molecules instead of botanical relationships among the allergenic sources. This molecular classification suggests the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1 as a marker for Fagales pollen and related plant food allergies, the major olive pollen allergen, Ole e 1, as a possible marker for Scrophulariales pollen allergy and the cedar allergens, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, as potential markers for allergy to Coniferales pollens. We exemplify for Fagales pollen allergy and Bet v 1 that major marker allergens are diagnostic tools to determine the disease-eliciting allergen source. Information obtained by diagnostic testing with marker allergens will be important for the appropriate selection of patients for allergen-specific forms of therapy.
Topics: Allergens; Cross Reactions; Humans; Immunotherapy; Pollen; Recombinant Proteins; Trees
PubMed: 15583457
DOI: 10.1159/000082332 -
Microscopy Research and Technique Sep 2019Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for...
Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for delimitation and identification of complex species. In this study, pollens of 10 Berberis species were analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative as well as quantitative features (pollen shape, size, presence or absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, pollen class, aperture, and polar-equatorial ratio) were measured. Five species were observed to have colpate (pantocolpate) with elongated ends, radially symmetrical, isopolar, monads, and psilate-regulate pollens. In polar view, six pollen were spheroidal, two were ovoid, one spherical, and one oblate. Similarly, variation in pollen length was prominent and the largest pollen on polar view was recorded for B. psodoumbellata 60-65 μm (62.4 ± 0.9), while the smallest one was observed for B. lycium 29-35 μm (32.2 ± 1). The observed variation in both quantitative and qualitative features were important in taxonomic identification. This shows that palynological characters are helpful in identification of Berberis genus at the species level.
Topics: Berberis; Biological Variation, Population; Biometry; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pakistan; Pollen
PubMed: 31245889
DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23325