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PloS One 2018Intestine is a primary site of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in most crustaceans. To date, little is known about its role in the anti-viral immune...
Intestine is a primary site of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in most crustaceans. To date, little is known about its role in the anti-viral immune response in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, next-generation sequencing was employed to investigate the M. rosenbergii intestine transcriptomes following WSSV or poly I:C challenges. A total of 41.06 M, 39.58 M and 47.00 M clean reads were generated and assembled into 65,340, 71,241 and 70,614 transcripts from the negative control group (NG), WSSV challenge group (WG) and poly I:C treatment group (PG) respectively. Based on homology searches, functional annotation with 7 databases (NR, NT, GO, COG, KEGG, Swissprot and Interpro) for 88,412 transcripts was performed. After WSSV or poly (I:C) challenge, the numbers of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were greater than the down-regulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) classification of the DEGs also distributed similarly, with the same top 10 annotations and were all assigned to the signaling pathways, including spliceosome, Rap1 signaling pathway, proteoglycans, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction. Results could contribute to a better understanding of the intestinal immune response to viral pathogens.
Topics: Animals; DNA Virus Infections; Gene Expression; Immunity, Innate; Intestines; Microsatellite Repeats; Palaemonidae; Poly I-C; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; White spot syndrome virus 1
PubMed: 30265693
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204626 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Dec 2017Crustacean hepatopancreas regulates metabolic processes, biogenesis and innate immune processes, and the knowledge on its immune genes are crucial to understand...
Crustacean hepatopancreas regulates metabolic processes, biogenesis and innate immune processes, and the knowledge on its immune genes are crucial to understand antimicrobial mechanisms. In this study, we reported the transcriptomic profile of Procambarus clarkii hepatopancreas after poly I:C administration using high-throughput sequencing. Following de novo assembly 56,716 unigene sequences with an average length of 810 bp was obtained. The unigene sequences were annotated to three ontologies including cellular components, biological processes and molecular functions, further 56,716 unigene sequences were mapped to 25 COG categories. A total of 2497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified following the comparative analysis between poly I:C treated and control group, and then KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to detect immune related pathways. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction showed that the selected DEGs significantly up-regulated following poly I:C administration in comparison to control group. The transcriptomic sequence information will improve the knowledge of this economically important crustacean, and will shed light on its antiviral immune mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Astacoidea; Gene Expression Profiling; Hepatopancreas; Poly I-C; Transcriptome
PubMed: 29017948
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.010 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity May 2007Poly inosinic:poly cytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA and is a ligand for the Toll like receptor-3. This receptor is involved in the innate...
Poly inosinic:poly cytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a synthetic double-stranded RNA and is a ligand for the Toll like receptor-3. This receptor is involved in the innate immune response to viral infection and poly I:C has been used to mimic the acute phase of a viral infection. The effects of TLR3 activation on brain function have not been widely studied. In the current study we investigate the spectrum of sickness behavioural changes induced by poly I:C in C57BL/6 mice and the CNS expression of inflammatory mediators that may underlie this. Poly I:C, at doses of 2, 6 and 12 mg/kg, induced a dose-responsive sickness behaviour, decreasing locomotor activity, burrowing and body weight, and caused a mild hyperthermia at 6h. The 12 mg/kg dose caused significant hypothermia at later times. The Remo400 remote Telemetry system proved a sensitive measure of this biphasic temperature response. The behavioural responses to poly I:C were not significantly blunted upon a second poly I:C challenge either 1 or 3 weeks later. Plasma concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-beta were markedly elevated and IL-1 beta was also detectable. Cytokine synthesis within the CNS, as determined by quantitative PCR, was dominated by IL-6, with lesser inductions of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-beta and there was a clear activation of cyclooxygenase-2 at the brain endothelium. These findings demonstrate clear CNS effects of peripheral TLR3 stimulation and will be useful in studying aspects of the effects of systemic viral infection on brain function in both normal and pathological situations.
Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cytokines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Interferon Inducers; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Poly I-C; Sick Role; Toll-Like Receptor 3
PubMed: 17321719
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2006.12.007 -
Journal of Biological Response Modifiers Dec 1985Twenty-five patients with metastatic carcinoma were entered into a Phase I clinical trial using poly(I,C)-LC at either 1 mg/m2 or 4 mg/m2 intravenous, twice weekly, for...
Twenty-five patients with metastatic carcinoma were entered into a Phase I clinical trial using poly(I,C)-LC at either 1 mg/m2 or 4 mg/m2 intravenous, twice weekly, for 4 weeks. None of the 15 patients entered at the 1 mg/m2 dose had an objective response; three had progressive disease. Similarly, no objective responses were observed among the 10 patients treated at the 4 mg/m2 dose of poly(I,C)-LC; one patient was removed from the study due to progressive disease. Toxicities observed at the 1 mg/m2 dose were mild hypotension, fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache. The first patient treated at the 4 mg/m2 dose was taken off of the study for severe hypotension. In the subsequent nine patients treated at this dose, a pretreatment with one dose at 1 mg/m2 was given, and no further problems with hypotension were encountered. The other toxicities at 4 mg/m2 were similar to those seen at 1 mg/m2.
Topics: Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Drug Evaluation; Fever; Humans; Hypotension; Interferons; Kinetics; Methylcellulose; Nausea; Neoplasms; Poly I-C; Polylysine
PubMed: 2418163
DOI: No ID Found -
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sequences longer than 200 nucleotides, but they do not encode proteins. Nevertheless, they have significant roles in diverse...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are sequences longer than 200 nucleotides, but they do not encode proteins. Nevertheless, they have significant roles in diverse biological functions. It remains unclear how viral infections trigger the expression of lncRNAs. In our previous research, we revealed a distinct type of lncRNAs with a lifespan under 4 h in human HeLa cells. These short-lived lncRNAs might be associated with numerous regulatory roles. Given their potential impact on human physiology, these short-lived lncRNAs could be key indicators to measure polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. In our recent work, we discovered three lncRNAs: IDI2-AS1, OIP5-AS1, and LITATS1. After exposure to poly I:C, imitating viral assault in human A549 cells, IDI2-AS1 levels dropped significantly while OIP5-AS1 and LITATS1 levels rose markedly. Our results indicate that short-lived lncRNAs respond to poly I:C stimulation, exhibiting substantial changes in expression. This indicates that the understanding the role of lncRNAs in the host response to viral infection and the potential for these molecules to serve as novel therapeutic targets.
Topics: RNA, Long Noncoding; Humans; Poly I-C; A549 Cells; HeLa Cells
PubMed: 38866523
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00037 -
Journal of Medical Virology Nov 2023As a key immune cell in the brain, microglia are essential for protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from viral infections, including HIV. Microglia possess...
As a key immune cell in the brain, microglia are essential for protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from viral infections, including HIV. Microglia possess functional Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), a key viral sensor for activating interferon (IFN) signaling pathway-mediated antiviral immunity. We, therefore, studied the effect of poly (I:C), a synthetic ligand of TLR3, on the activation of the intracellular innate immunity against HIV in human iPSC-derived microglia (iMg). We found that poly (I:C) treatment of iMg effectively inhibits HIV infection/replication at both mRNA and protein levels. Investigations of the mechanisms revealed that TLR3 activation of iMg by poly (I:C) induced the expression of both type I and type III IFNs. Compared with untreated cells, the poly (I:C)-treated iMg expressed significantly higher levels of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with known anti-HIV activities (ISG15, MxB, Viperin, MxA, and OAS-1). In addition, TLR3 activation elicited the expression of the HIV entry coreceptor CCR5 ligands (CC chemokines) in iMg. Furthermore, the transcriptional profile analysis showed that poly (I:C)-treated cells had the upregulated IFN signaling genes (ISG15, ISG20, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, IFITM10, APOBEC3A, OAS-2, MxA, and MxB) and the increased CC chemokine signaling genes (CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL15). These observations indicate that TLR3 is a potential therapy target for activating the intracellular innate immunity against HIV infection/replication in human microglial cells. Therefore, further studies with animal models and clinical specimens are necessary to determine the role of TLR3 activation-driven antiviral response in the control and elimination of HIV in infected host cells.
Topics: Humans; Cells, Cultured; HIV Infections; Immunity, Innate; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Microglia; Poly I-C; Toll-Like Receptor 3
PubMed: 37933090
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29217 -
Medicine May 1972
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Antibody Formation; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Interferons; Mice; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Poly I-C; Polynucleotides; Rabbits; Rhinovirus; Simplexvirus; Time Factors; Vaccinia virus; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 4336643
DOI: 10.1097/00005792-197205000-00002 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Jul 2001The interaction of cis-dichloro-(1,2 diethyl-3-aminopyrrolidine)platinum(II) (Ptpyrr) with the polynucleotides poly(I), poly(C) and poly(I) x poly(C) acids was studied...
The interaction of cis-dichloro-(1,2 diethyl-3-aminopyrrolidine)platinum(II) (Ptpyrr) with the polynucleotides poly(I), poly(C) and poly(I) x poly(C) acids was studied by circular dichroism, molecular fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Multivariate Curve Resolution, a factor analysis method, was applied for the analysis and interpretation of spectroscopic data obtained in mole ratio and kinetics studies. This procedure allows the determination of the number of different interaction complexes present during the experiments and the resolution of both concentration profiles and pure spectra for all of them. Two different interaction complexes were observed at the experimental conditions studied. The first one, at low Ptpyrr:polynucleotide ratio (r(Ptpyrr:poly)) values, corresponds to the interaction of Ptpyrr with hypoxanthine bases in the poly(I) moiety. This interaction leads to the destabilization and dissociation of the double-stranded conformation. The second complex was observed at higher r(Ptpyrr:poly) values and corresponds to the interaction of Ptpyrr to cytosine bases in poly(C) moiety. The formation of both complexes showed that the interaction of Ptpyrr with hypoxanthine bases occurred at the first stages of the reaction and with cytosine bases at longer reaction times. The results obtained show the utility of the Multivariate Curve Resolution approach for the analysis of data obtained by monitoring spectroscopically the interaction equilibria of platinum compounds with nucleic acids.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Organoplatinum Compounds; Poly C; Poly I; Poly I-C; Pyrrolidines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 11551385
DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00203-3 -
The Journal of General Virology Jul 1976Protection of mice against EMC virus infection by poly C and poly I has already been distinguished from interferon mediated protection in several ways. Transfer of serum...
Protection of mice against EMC virus infection by poly C and poly I has already been distinguished from interferon mediated protection in several ways. Transfer of serum from EMC virus infected and poly C or poly I treated mice to donor mice that were then infected shows that the anti-viral effect of the single-stranded polynucleotides is not due to boosting interferon produced by infection itself in the way that inferferon can be 'primed' in vitro. Mice surviving infections of more than I X LD100 as a result of poly C or poly I treatment show no protection against re-infection 15 days after the first infection, indicating no long-term stimulation of immune responses to the virus. Mice treated with an immunosuppressive regime of cytosine arabinoside can be protected against EMC virus infection with poly C and poly I treatment and athymic 'nude' mice can also be protected. The possibility of IgM stimulation by poly C and poly I seems unlikely from experiments in which serum was transferred from mice treated with the polynucleotides and an inactivated EMC 'vaccine' to recipient mice which were then challenged with infectious virus. Protection of mice against EMC virus by the single-stranded polynucleotides is abolished by administration of silica to the mice, implying an involvement of macrophages in the protective effects of poly C and poly I. The possibility that the polynucleotides stimulate clearance of virus particles, at least from immunologically responsive regions of the mouse, has been discounted by the inability of polynucleotide treatment to suppress 'vaccine' mediated protection of mice. These results indicate that macrophages are involved in the anti-viral effects of poly C and poly I either because they inhibit replication of the virus in macrophages or because direct anti-viral properties of macrophages are activated by the polynucleotides.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antiviral Agents; Cytarabine; Encephalomyocarditis virus; Enterovirus Infections; Female; Immunoglobulin M; Macrophages; Mice; Poly I-C; Vaccination
PubMed: 182913
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-32-1-25 -
Biochemical and Biophysical Research... Jan 1999Mode of secretion of poly I:poly C-induced IFN was examined using epithelial cell lines in a bicameral culture system. Although the cell lines formed a tight cell sheet...
Mode of secretion of poly I:poly C-induced IFN was examined using epithelial cell lines in a bicameral culture system. Although the cell lines formed a tight cell sheet and produced IFN-beta following poly I:poly C treatment in spite of its application to the upper or lower compartment, IFN secretion differed between the apical and basolateral cell membranes. When poly I:poly C was applied to the upper compartment, IFN was secreted predominantly from the apical membrane. Inversely, poly I:poly C applied to the lower compartment caused preferential IFN secretion from the basolateral membrane. These results suggest that in epithelial cells poly I:poly C stimulation induces intracellular membrane traffic toward the stimulation side.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cell Polarity; Epithelial Cells; Interferon Inducers; Interferon-beta; Poly I-C
PubMed: 9920723
DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9873