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Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Aug 2007
Topics: Anesthetics, Inhalation; Animals; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Isoflurane; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Polybrominated Biphenyls
PubMed: 18020061
DOI: 10.1177/0310057X0703500401 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Apr 1979
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Biphenyl Compounds; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Humans; Michigan; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Wisconsin
PubMed: 223695
DOI: 10.1007/BF01685504 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Sep 2016The levels of a 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) were measured in human milk samples collected in 2007 and 2011 from residents in China by high-resolution gas...
The levels of a 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) were measured in human milk samples collected in 2007 and 2011 from residents in China by high-resolution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass chromatography (HRGC-HRMS) with isotope dilution. The median concentrations of BB-153 from the samples collected in 2007 and 2011 were 8.3 and 7.2 pg/g lipid weight, respectively. The levels of BB-153 in the human milk collected from rural areas were not significantly different to those collected from the urban areas in China. Meanwhile, significant positive correlations were found between the levels of BB-153 in human milk and the consumption of animal-origin foods. In the present study, the mean levels of BB-153 in human milk from Chinese mothers were found to be lower than those from European and American mothers.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; China; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Milk, Human; Mothers; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Rural Population; Urban Population; Young Adult
PubMed: 27521000
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5530-x -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Mar 1983This study was undertaken to characterize the long-term toxic and carcinogenic potential of a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) mixture in rats and mice of both sexes....
This study was undertaken to characterize the long-term toxic and carcinogenic potential of a polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) mixture in rats and mice of both sexes. Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were given 125 po doses of PBB over a 6-month period at 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg body weight/day (5 days/week) and observed for an additional 23 months for rats and 24 months for mice (lifetime observation). The treatments (0.3 mg/kg or higher dosages) shortened the survival time in male rats whereas no such effect was observed in treated females. There was also evidence of shortened survival time in mice treated with 10.0 mg/kg PBB. As observed by uv light, hepatic porphyrin markedly increased at the 6-month observation, then tended to decrease, primarily in mice, following cessation of exposure. Significantly higher incidences of atypical hepatocellular foci, neoplastic nodules, hepatocellular carcinomas, and cholangiocarcinomas were observed in exposed rats. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was also increased in both male (95%) and female (88%) mice (highest dose level) compared with control male (48%) and female (0%) mice. The incidence of hepatic neoplasms appeared to be dose dependent in both species. Liver tumors were observed primarily in those groups of animals to which PBB was given in doses sufficient to induce readily observable hepatic toxicity. Under the conditions of this experiment, polybrominated biphenyl mixture (Firemaster FF-1) was carcinogenic for Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice of both sexes. Lesions included neoplastic nodules, hepatocellular carcinomas, and cholangiocarcinomas in rats and hepatocellular carcinomas in mice. Other manifestations of toxicity included porphyrogenic effects and hepatotoxicity. A significantly higher incidence of chronic progressive nephropathy was observed in male rats of the 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg dosage groups when compared with control males. Gastric ulcers and hyperplastic gastropathy of the glandular portion of the stomach were observed more frequently in male rats, primarily in the high dosage groups.
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Female; Fluorescence; Kidney; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Neoplasms, Experimental; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Porphyrins; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Stomach
PubMed: 6302950
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(83)90351-4 -
Environmental Science & Technology Feb 2008Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) are chemicals known as brominated flame retardants. We have assessed the exposure...
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) are chemicals known as brominated flame retardants. We have assessed the exposure status of the United States population to PBDEs and BB-153 and explored associations with demographic information, including participants' age, sex, and race/ethnicity. A total of 2,062 serum samples, from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 aged 12 years and older, were analyzed for PBDEs and BB-153; stratified and regression analyses were used to examine levels among demographic groups. The congener with the highest serum concentration was 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) [geometric mean 20.5 ng/g lipid]; followed by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexaBDE (BDE-153) [5.7 ng/g lipid]; 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) [5.0 ng/g lipid; a value equal to the highest limit of detection for an individual sample]; 2,2',4,4',6-pentaBDE (BDE-100) [3.9 ng/g lipid]; BB-153 [2.3 ng/g lipid]; and 2,4,4'-triBDE (BDE-28) [1.2 ng/g lipid]. For BDE-47, we observed no significant difference in the least-squares geometric mean (LSGM) by sex, but with age we found both a linear decrease (p = 0.01) and a positive quadratic trend (p = 0.01). Its LSGM, 27.9 ng/lipid, in the 12-19 year olds decreased to 17.2 ng/g lipid in the 40-49 year group, and then curved upward to 20.4 ng/g lipid in the > or =60 years olds. Mexican Americans had the highest LSGM of BDE-47 (24.5 ng/g lipid), which was significantly higher than that of non-Hispanic whites (19.7 ng/g lipid, p = 0.01). Adults 60 years and older were twice as likely as adults 20-59 years old to have a serum BDE-47 concentration above the 95th percentile (p = 0.02). These data provide needed exposure assessment data for public health decisions.
Topics: Environmental Exposure; Ethers; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Population Surveillance; Sensitivity and Specificity; United States
PubMed: 18351120
DOI: 10.1021/es702451p -
Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992).... Oct 2006Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, are frequently used in consumer products. PBDEs levels in environmental and human samples... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of brominated flame retardants, are frequently used in consumer products. PBDEs levels in environmental and human samples have increased in recent decades. Children are exposed to PBDEs through diet, mainly through fish, meat and milk. Total dietary exposure of children in Europe was calculated to be 2-3 ng/kg b.w./day. For nursing infants the main source of PBDE exposure is breast milk; exposure levels are around 15 ng/kg b.w./day. PBDE exposure levels in North America are 10 to a 100 times higher. Because of their persistence and their similarity to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), concern has been raised about the effects of PBDEs on human health. Exposure to penta- and octa-BDE led to learning impairment and impaired motor behaviour in rodents. Exposure to penta-, octa- and also deca-BDE caused effects on thyroid homeostasis in animals.
CONCLUSIONS
The EU has banned the production and use of penta- and octa-BDE since 2004; however, exposure will continue during the coming decades. Based upon current toxicological evidence, human exposure to deca-BDEs is not expected to lead to health effects, but data on exposure to deca-BDE and data on toxicity of deca-BDE are scarce. Therefore, monitoring studies and toxicity studies on deca-BDEs and other BDEs should continue.
Topics: Child; Child Welfare; Consumer Product Safety; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; European Union; Humans; Infant, Newborn; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Polybrominated Biphenyls
PubMed: 17000572
DOI: 10.1080/08035320600886299 -
Lancet (London, England) Jul 1977
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chlorophenols; Environmental Exposure; Female; Food Contamination; Humans; Japan; Michigan; Pentachlorophenol; Poisoning; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Rats
PubMed: 69104
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 1976Young male rats were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 10, 100, or 500 ppm of a commercial mixture of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) that had been accidentally incorporated... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Young male rats were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 10, 100, or 500 ppm of a commercial mixture of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) that had been accidentally incorporated into a mineral mixture and fed to Michigan livestock and poultry. After 30 days, 9 of the 12 rats in each group were killed and tissues were examined. Liver weight to body weight ratios were significantly increased at all feeding levels; at 500 ppm, liver weight had more than doubled. Kidney weight was not affected. Microscopic lesions were mostly confined to the liver and consisted of extensive swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes in rats fed diets containing 100 and 500 ppm of PBB. Slight swelling and vacuolation were seen in rats fed the diet containing 10 ppm, and lesions were not found at 0 or 1 ppm. There was a significant increase in hepatic mitochondrial size at 1 ppm, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was markedly increased at 100 and 500 ppm. Myelin bodies were present at 100 and 500 ppm, and vacuoles were numerous. Rats killed at 60 days had similar lesions. The activity of hepatic microsomal enzymes increased at all levels of feeding of PBB. Rat pups nursing dams fed a diet containing 10 ppm of PBB had microscopic and ultrastructural hepatic lesions. When guinea pigs were fed PBB at the same amounts as were rats, the results were strikingly different. Guinea pigs fed a diet containing 500 ppm of PBB died within 15 days; at 100 ppm, only 2 of 6 survived for 30 days. Effects on liver weight were inconsistent, but 2 of 6 fed a diet containing 10 ppm had enlarged livers.
Topics: Aminopyrine N-Demethylase; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biphenyl Compounds; Female; Guinea Pigs; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Rats; Rodent Diseases; Vacuoles
PubMed: 187567
DOI: No ID Found -
Toxicology and Industrial Health May 1991This is a human case report of documented exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), with serial PBB determinations, obtained over an 11 year period, and signs and...
This is a human case report of documented exposure to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), with serial PBB determinations, obtained over an 11 year period, and signs and symptoms characteristic of PBB exposure, culminating in cancer. No epidemiological studies of PBB and cancer are available, but structure-activity relationships and animal studies were predictive of malignancy. The patient did not have the risk factors of alcoholism or cigarette smoking.
Topics: Environmental Exposure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Public Health
PubMed: 1658987
DOI: 10.1177/074823379100700305 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Mar 1983A 1973 environmental accident in Michigan resulted in exposure of humans via the food chain to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). To better characterize the toxicity of the...
A 1973 environmental accident in Michigan resulted in exposure of humans via the food chain to polybrominated biphenyl (PBB). To better characterize the toxicity of the halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon class of chemicals, rodents were dosed with PBB and their target organs examined for morphological, histological, biochemical, and selected endocrine changes. Male and female rats and mice were given 125 po doses of PBB over a 6-month period at 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight/day (5 days/week). There was a dose-related decrease in body weight gain in both male and female rats and male mice. Thymus weights were significantly decreased in all rats exposed to 0.3 mg/kg or more of PBB. Dose-related hepatotoxic effects were observed in both rats and mice characterized by marked increase in liver weight with accentuation of hepatic lobular markings. Microscopically, there were moderate to marked swelling, disorganization, and single cell necrosis of hepatocytes, fatty infiltration, bile duct proliferation, and presence of atypical hyperplastic foci. Hepatic porphyrin levels were markedly increased in both rats and mice primarily in females. There was a significant decrease in serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) suggesting that PBB may interfere with thyroid hormone secretion. There was a significant dose-related increase in serum cholesterol and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and a decrease in serum glucose.
Topics: Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Organ Size; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Species Specificity; Thyroid Gland; Time Factors; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 6302948
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(83)90350-2