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American Journal of Veterinary Research Oct 1979A polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant (Firemaster FF-1) was responsible for the widespread environmental contamination and animal losses in Michigan during 1973 and...
A polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant (Firemaster FF-1) was responsible for the widespread environmental contamination and animal losses in Michigan during 1973 and 1974. In Fischer 344/N rats orally given 30,100,300, and 1,000 mg/kg (5 days/week, 22 total doses) for 4.5 weeks and observed for 90 days after the start of treatment, the LD50 was determined to be 65 mg/kg/day (total 1.43 g/kg) for the female rat and 149 mg/kg/day (total 3.28 g/kg) for the male. All female rats given the dosage of 100 mg/kg/day (22 doses, total 2.20 g/kg) died between 41 and 53 days after the start of treatment, whereas 38% of the males died between 50 and 73 days. Pathologic changes in treated rats were large liver, accentuation of the hepatic lobular markings, and atrophy of thymus and spleen. Microscopically, hepatic changes were characterized by congestion, fatty metamorphosis, and multifocal liquefactive necrosis. Male rats given 100 mg/kg/day and dying after 90 days had subacute to chronic hepatitis with marked focal proliferation of bile ducts. Exposure to Firemaster FF-1 may produce atypical liver nodules in the rat as early as 6 months after they were first given the preparation. Marked hepatotoxic effect persisted in surviving rats when examined after 6 months.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animal Feed; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Body Weight; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Male; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rodent Diseases; Spleen; Testis
PubMed: 230756
DOI: No ID Found -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Sep 1978
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Body Weight; Chloroform; Drug Synergism; Kidney Cortex; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Organ Size; Polybrominated Biphenyls; p-Aminohippuric Acid
PubMed: 214900
DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(78)90177-1 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Apr 2015To Date, the knowledge on relationship between PCBs/PBDEs exposure and thyroid hormones (THs) levels during pregnancy still needs to be extended. Meanwhile, studies on...
To Date, the knowledge on relationship between PCBs/PBDEs exposure and thyroid hormones (THs) levels during pregnancy still needs to be extended. Meanwhile, studies on congener-specific adipose-serum ratios for PCBs/PBDEs were limited. This study reports the levels of PCBs/PBDEs in serum-adipose tissue samples (n = 64) from expectant women living surrounding e-waste recycling sites in Wenling, China. Their concentrations varied from several to hundreds of ng g(-1) lipid. Maternal exposure to PCBs was associated with lower TSH during pregnancy, suggesting possible implication for maternal health and fetal development. The compound levels between the adipose tissue and matched serum samples were highly correlated (p < 0.001), generating a predicted adipose-serum partitioning relationship for individual PCB congener and PBDE congener. Molecular characteristics, such as Kow value, molecular weight and molecular volume, may play a key role in the variable partitioning of some compounds between serum and adipose tissue.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; China; Electronic Waste; Female; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Recycling; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 25681817
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.008 -
Environment International Nov 2013Many brominated flame retardants (BFRs)-including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-have been shown to persist in the environment, and some have been associated...
Many brominated flame retardants (BFRs)-including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)-have been shown to persist in the environment, and some have been associated with adverse health effects. The aim of the present study was to quantify serum concentrations of common brominated flame retardants in Inuit men from across Greenland, and in men from Warsaw, Poland and Kharkiv, Ukraine. Serum was sampled between 2002 and 2004 from men 19 to 50years of age. 299 samples were analyzed for BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and 183 and the brominated biphenyl BB-153 using gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. BDE-47 and BDE-153 were detected in more than 95% of samples from all three populations. All other congeners, except BDE-154, were detected in more than 70% of samples from Greenland; lower detection frequencies were observed in Polish and Ukrainian samples. Concentrations of individual congeners were 2.7 to 15 fold higher in Greenlandic relative to Polish and Ukrainian men. Geometric mean concentrations of the sum of the most abundant PBDEs of the Penta-BDE commercial mixture (BDE-47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) were 6.1, 1.7 and 0.87ng/g lipids in the Greenlandic, Polish and Ukrainian men, respectively. Furthermore, significant geographical differences in BFR concentrations were observed within Greenland. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering of samples by country of origin. The associations between ΣPBDEs and age were inconsistent, varying from no association in Greenlandic and Polish study populations to a U-shaped relationship in Ukrainians. We report BFR levels for three populations for which sparse biomonitoring data exists.
Topics: Adult; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Flame Retardants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Greenland; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Poland; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Ukraine; Young Adult
PubMed: 24091254
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.001 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1986
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Rats; Reproduction
PubMed: 3034763
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Natural Products Feb 2020Isocadiolides A-H (-) and cadiolide N (), new polybrominated aromatic compounds, were isolated from a Korean sp. ascidian. On the basis of the results of extensive...
Isocadiolides A-H (-) and cadiolide N (), new polybrominated aromatic compounds, were isolated from a Korean sp. ascidian. On the basis of the results of extensive spectroscopic analyses, these compounds possessed tris-bromohydroxyphenyl moieties as a common structural motif, while their cores varied [cyclopentenedione (-), dihydrofuran ( and ), pyranone (), and furanone ()], reflecting different extents of rearrangement and oxidation. Several of these compounds exhibited weak antibacterial activities and moderate abilities to inhibit the microbial enzymes sortase A and isocitrate lyase.
Topics: Aminoacyltransferases; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Isocitrate Lyase; Molecular Structure; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Urochordata
PubMed: 31967465
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00968 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Apr 1978Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in iodine-deficient, iodine-adequate (0.2 ppm), or iodine-excess (1000...
Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in iodine-deficient, iodine-adequate (0.2 ppm), or iodine-excess (1000 ppm) diets. Six rats in each of the 12 groups were killed at 30 days and the remaining six in each group at 60 days. Growth rates were similar in all rats fed diets containing 0, 1, or 10 ppm PBB but were slower from 30 to 60 days in rats given 100 ppm PBB. Results of routine hematologic examinations and urinalyses were essentially normal. Although liver weights were substantially increased by PBB, the smallest increases were in rats fed an iodine-deficient diet. Thyroid weights were increased by iodine deficiency and by 10 and 100 ppm PBB. Electropherograms of serum proteins, serum lipoproteins, and LDH isozymes at 60 days from rats given PBB indicated hepatic alterations, but changes were least dramatic in rats fed an iodine-deficient diet plus PBB and most severe in rats fed iodine-excess diets plus PBB. Hepatic lesions were basically similar to those previously described except that bile duct proliferation was seen at 60 days only in rats fed an iodine-deficient diet and 100 ppm PBB. Histologic changes in thyroid glands were associated with iodine deficiency and with PBB. The iodine-excess diet plus 100 ppm PBB induced squamous metaplasia of respiratory bronchiolar epithelium. These results indicate interrelationships between PBB and iodine which may affect the toxicosis caused by PBB.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Biphenyl Compounds; Blood Proteins; Body Weight; Diet; Iodine; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lipoproteins; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Rats; Thyroid Gland
PubMed: 209997
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7823341 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Mar 1995Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a flame-retardant material, was introduced into the food chain in Michigan in 1973 due to a manufacturing and distribution mistake....
Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a flame-retardant material, was introduced into the food chain in Michigan in 1973 due to a manufacturing and distribution mistake. Following public concern about the long-term health effects of PBB in humans, a cohort of PBB-exposed Michigan residents was assembled in 1975. We initiated this study to determine the half-life of PBB in human sera and to understand how continued body burden relates to the possible adverse health consequences of PBB exposure. To determine the half-life, eligible persons were selected from the cohort if they had at least two PBB measurements 1 year apart and had an initial level > or = 20 pbb. There were 163 persons who met the criteria with a median PBB level of 45.5 ppb. The estimated half-life is 10.8 years (95% CI, 9.2-14.7 years). The body burden of PBB in exposed persons will decrease only gradually over time. For persons with an initial level of 45.5 ppb of PBB, it will take more than 60 years for their PBB levels to fall below the current level of detection of 1 ppb.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Dairy Products; Female; Food Contamination; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Meat; Michigan; Middle Aged; Polybrominated Biphenyls
PubMed: 7768229
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.95103272 -
Epigenetics Mar 2021Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an endocrine-disrupting compound, is ubiquitous despite decades-old bans on the manufacture and use of PCBs. Increased...
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an endocrine-disrupting compound, is ubiquitous despite decades-old bans on the manufacture and use of PCBs. Increased exposure to PCBs is associated with adverse health consequences throughout life, including type 2 diabetes and cancer. PCB exposure is also associated with alterations in epigenetic marks and gene transcription, which could lead to adverse health outcomes, but many of these are population-specific. To further investigate the association between PCB and epigenetic marks, DNA methylation was measured at 787,684 CpG sites in 641 peripheral blood samples from the Michigan Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB) Registry. 1345 CpGs were associated with increased total PCB level after controlling for age, sex, and 24 surrogate variables (FDR < 0.05). These CpGs were enriched in active promoter and transcription associated regions (p < 0.05), and in regions around the binding sites for transcription factors involved in xenobiotic metabolism and immune function (FDR < 0.05). PCB exposure also associated with proportions of CD4T, NK, and granulocyte cell types, and with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p < 0.05), and the estimated effect sizes of PCB on the epigenome were correlated with the effect sizes previously reported in an epigenome-wide study of C-reactive protein (r = 0.29; p = 2.22e-5), supporting previous studies on the association between PCB and immune dysfunction. These results indicate that PCB exposure is associated with differences in epigenetic marks in active regions of the genome, and future work should investigate whether these may mediate the association between PCB and health consequences.
Topics: DNA Methylation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endocrine Disruptors; Humans; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 32660331
DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1795605 -
Annals of Epidemiology Jan 2003We examined the relation between serum polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels and the risk of benign breast disease in a cohort of Michigan women unintentionally exposed...
PURPOSE
We examined the relation between serum polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels and the risk of benign breast disease in a cohort of Michigan women unintentionally exposed to PBBs in 1973 and interviewed in 1997.
METHODS
We used extended Cox models to generate adjusted hazard ratios; models included polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk factors for benign breast disease reported in the literature.
RESULTS
Two hundred fourteen (23%) of 951 women reported benign breast disease diagnosed by a physician. Compared with women with low PBB exposure, benign breast disease was not reported more frequently among those with moderate (>1-12 parts per billion [ppb]), (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-1.45), or high (>12 ppb), (OR 0.79, 95% CI = 0.46-1.38) PBB exposure. PCB exposure was also not associated with self-reported physician-diagnosed benign breast disease. Age, smoking, and annual number of health-care provider visits were significantly associated with benign breast disease.
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis did not demonstrate an association between serum PBB level and self- reported physician-diagnosed benign breast disease. We did observe an increased risk of benign breast disease for women who smoked, an association that has not been consistently found in previous studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Algorithms; Animal Feed; Breast Diseases; Child; Cohort Studies; Drug Contamination; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Incidence; Michigan; Middle Aged; Polybrominated Biphenyls; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 12547481
DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(02)00256-9