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Marine Pollution Bulletin Aug 2003
Topics: Animals; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Liver; Male; Metals, Heavy; Methylmercury Compounds; Muscle, Skeletal; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Sharks; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 12907198
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00119-X -
Research in Microbiology 2001Fifteen bacterial strains using biphenyl as sole carbon and energy source, obtained from different positions and depths of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated...
Fifteen bacterial strains using biphenyl as sole carbon and energy source, obtained from different positions and depths of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated area, were analyzed for their basic metabolic phenotypes and subjected to genomic DNA hybridization screening for the presence of well characterized bph operons such as those of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 and Rhodococcus globerulus P6. Most of the isolates belonged to the gamma-subdivision (Pseudomonas stutzeri, P. plutida, P. fluorescens and Vibrio logei species) and to the beta-subdivision (genera Alcaligenes, Comamonas, Ralstonia) of the Proteobacteria. All the isolates were able to cometabolize different low chlorinated PCB congeners. Among the dichlorinated biphenyls tested, a lower degradation capacity was observed for the di-ortho substituted congeners, whereas high levels of degradation were observed for the di-meta and di-para isomers, whether they were chlorinated on one or on both rings. The PCB congeners nonsubstituted in the 2,3 or 2,3 and 3,4 positions were also degraded by most of the isolated strains, which were, however, unable to significantly metabolize PCBs with more than 3 chlorine atoms. Five of the isolated strains were also able to degrade some of the tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls tested. Southern hybridization analysis showed a strong homology between four of the fifteen isolated strains and the bph operon obtained from P. pseudoalcaligenes strain KF707. Conversely, none of the isolates here examined showed homology with the bph operon of R. globerulus strain P6. In line with this, the KF707 bph probe strongly hybridized with DNA of a significant number of bacterial colonies obtained from selected locations in the contaminated area using biphenyl-supplemented minimal medium agar plates.
Topics: Bacteria, Aerobic; Biodegradation, Environmental; Blotting, Southern; DNA, Bacterial; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 11501677
DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(01)01233-5 -
Federation Proceedings Jul 1975
Review
Topics: Animals; Blood; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Feces; Female; Hair; Liver; Macaca; Male; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy; Proadifen; Skin; Stomach
PubMed: 805720
DOI: No ID Found -
Environmental Health Perspectives Feb 2010Prenatal and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) exposure has been associated with decrements in fetal and infant growth and development, although exposures during...
BACKGROUND
Prenatal and postnatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) exposure has been associated with decrements in fetal and infant growth and development, although exposures during the preconception window have not been examined despite recent evidence suggesting that this window may correspond with the highest serum concentrations.
OBJECTIVES
We assessed maternal serum PCB concentrations at two sensitive developmental windows in relation to birth weight.
METHODS
Serum samples were collected from 99 women as they began trying to become pregnant (preconception) and after a positive pregnancy test (prenatal); 52 (53%) women gave birth and represent the study cohort. Using daily diaries, women recorded sexual intercourse, menstruation, and home pregnancy test results until pregnant or up to 12 menstrual cycles with intercourse during the estimated fertile window. With gas chromatography with electron capture, 76 PCB congeners were quantified (nanograms per gram serum) and subsequently categorized by purported biologic activity. Serum PCBs were log-transformed and entered both as continuous and categorized exposures along with birth weight (grams) and covariates [smoking (yes/no), height (inches), and infant sex (male/female)] into linear regression.
RESULTS
A substantial reduction in birth weight (grams) was observed for women in the highest versus the lowest tertile of preconception antiestrogenic PCB concentration (beta; = 429.3 g, p = 0.038) even after adjusting for covariates (beta; = 470.8, p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
These data reflect the potential developmental toxicity of antiestrogenic PCBs, particularly during the sensitive preconception critical window among women with environmentally relevant chemical exposures, and underscore the importance of PCB congener-specific investigation.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Pregnancy
PubMed: 20123616
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901150 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment May 2015Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), mercury (Hg), methyl mercury (MMHg), and arsenic (As) in the hepatopancreas and...
Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), mercury, methyl mercury, and arsenic in blue crab Portunus segnis from Persian Gulf.
Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), mercury (Hg), methyl mercury (MMHg), and arsenic (As) in the hepatopancreas and muscle of blue swimming crab Portunus segnis from Bushehr shore, north Part of Persian Gulf, were investigated. In addition, the relationships between crab size (carapace width) and PCBs, PAH, Hg, MMHg, and As levels in tissues were investigated by linear regression analysis. There were significant correlation between pollutants levels and crab size which were positive. The pollutants' concentrations were highest in hepatopancreas whereas lowest in the muscle of all crab species. The mean concentrations were 0.51 ng g(-1)PCB 16, 0.64 ng g(-1) PCB 99, 1.2 μg g(-1) Hg, 0.81 μg g(-1) MMHg, and 0.14 μg g(-1) As. Also, mean concentrations of different PAHs were 0.31 ng g(-1) Acenaphthylene, 0.51 ng g(-1) Acenaphthene, and 0.71 ng g(-1) Anthracene. Comparison between male and female indicated that the average PCBs, PAH, Hg, MMHg, and As concentrations in tissues of male crab were found to be significantly higher than those found in the female crab.
Topics: Animals; Arsenic; Brachyura; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Indian Ocean; Male; Mercury; Methylmercury Compounds; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 25877642
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4459-9 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Jun 2018Two Guillemot carcases were dissected, each providing 12 discrete tissue samples and 3 samples of partially digested food. One hundred and five PCBs from the 209 PCBs...
Two Guillemot carcases were dissected, each providing 12 discrete tissue samples and 3 samples of partially digested food. One hundred and five PCBs from the 209 PCBs determined by GCxGC-ToFMS were detected. The relative proportions of individual PCBs did not vary greatly within tissue types, although the PCB profile from undigested food could be distinguished. Enantiomer fractions (EFs) were determined for CB-95, CB-136 and CB-149 by GC-HRqToFMS. EFs in the partially digested food were near racemic, with high levels of enrichment for E1 CB-95 in the kidneys and liver (EF of 0.80 and 0.84 respectively). This provides some of the clearest evidence to date that fractionation takes place in the organs where metabolic biotransformation and elimination of PCBs occurs. Our findings also confirm the ability of non-lethal sampling techniques, such as collection of small (<1 g) blood samples, to provide PCB signatures that are representative of an individual organism.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Birds; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Stereoisomerism; Tissue Distribution; United Kingdom; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 29886934
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.014 -
Chemosphere Feb 2013Industrialized waterways frequently contain nearshore hotspots of legacy polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination, with uncertain contribution to aquatic food web...
Industrialized waterways frequently contain nearshore hotspots of legacy polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination, with uncertain contribution to aquatic food web contamination. We evaluated the utility of estuarine forage fish as biosentinel indicators of local PCB contamination across multiple nearshore sites in San Francisco Bay. Topsmelt (Atherinops affinis) or Mississippi silverside (Menidia audens) contamination was compared between 12 targeted sites near historically polluted locations and 17 probabilistically chosen sites representative of ambient conditions. The average sum of 209 PCB congeners in fish from targeted stations (441±432 ng g(-1) wet weight, mean±SD) was significantly higher than probabilistic stations (138±94 ng g(-1)). Concentrations in both species were comparable to those of high lipid sport fish in the Bay, strongly correlated with spatial patterns in sediment contamination, and above selected literature thresholds for potential hazard to fish and wildlife. The highest concentrations were from targeted Central Bay locations, including Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard (1347 ng g(-1); topsmelt) and Stege Marsh (1337 ng g(-1); silverside). Targeted sites exhibited increased abundance of lower chlorinated congeners, suggesting local source contributions, including Aroclor 1248. These findings indicate that current spatial patterns in PCB bioaccumulation correlate with historical sediment contamination due to industrial activity. They also demonstrate the utility of naturally occurring forage fish as biosentinels of localized PCB exposure.
Topics: Animals; Bays; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Food Chain; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; San Francisco; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 23123115
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.066 -
Chemosphere May 2020Biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (BphA), a Rieske-type and first enzyme in the aerobic degradation process, plays a key role in the metabolizing process of...
Biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (BphA), a Rieske-type and first enzyme in the aerobic degradation process, plays a key role in the metabolizing process of biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl aromatic pollutants in the environment. To understand the catalytic mechanism of biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase, the conversions leading to the cis-diols are investigated by means of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method. A hydroperoxo-iron (III) species is involved in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Herein, we explored the direct reaction mechanism of hydroperoxo-iron (III) species with biphenyl and 4-4'-dichlorobiphenyl. The reaction process involves an epoxide intermediate, it could develop into a carbocation intermediate, and ultimately evolve into a cis-diol product. The important roles of several residues during the dioxygenation process were highlighted. This study may provide theoretical support for further directed mutations and enzymatic engineering of BphA, as well as promote the development of degrading environmentally persistent biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl aromatic contaminants.
Topics: Biphenyl Compounds; Catalysis; Dioxygenases; Environmental Pollutants; Hydroxylamines; Hydroxylation; Oxygenases; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 32069708
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125844 -
Journal of Environmental Science and... 1980The effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dibenzofuran (CDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) on endotoxin sensitivity was studied in male mice. The oral administration of...
The effect of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), dibenzofuran (CDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) on endotoxin sensitivity was studied in male mice. The oral administration of CDF and CDD, once a week for 4 weeks, increased endotoxin sensitivity, whereas, PCB was not affective. On the other hand, residual levels of PCB were detected in thymus but CDF and CDD were not.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Atrophy; Benzofurans; Dioxins; Endotoxins; Immunosuppression Therapy; Liver; Male; Mice; Organ Size; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Spleen; Thymus Gland
PubMed: 6766964
DOI: 10.1080/03601238009372165 -
Archives of Environmental Contamination... Nov 1988
Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in sediments, plankton, molluscs, crustaceans, and eel in a freshwater lake: implications of using reference chemicals and indicator organisms in bioaccumulation studies.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Crustacea; Eels; Environmental Monitoring; Fresh Water; Mollusca; Plankton; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Water Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 3147616
DOI: 10.1007/BF01061978