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Journal of Chromatography Jun 1975Except for pure synthetic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), estimation methods of PCB by thin-layer and gas chromatography with electron capture detection give comparable... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Except for pure synthetic polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), estimation methods of PCB by thin-layer and gas chromatography with electron capture detection give comparable results. Both give a good estimate of the true mass of a biologically modified residue, but where mostly hexachlorobiphenyls and above make up the residue, the estimate will be up to 50% too high. The Coulson detector does not, in our hands, yield comparable results with modified residues: the reason for this difference is not clear at present.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electrons; Mass Spectrometry; Methods; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 807590
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91801-1 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2012This study focused on the uptake kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by the Chrysophyte, Isochrysis galbana. A gas-purging experimental system was used...
This study focused on the uptake kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by the Chrysophyte, Isochrysis galbana. A gas-purging experimental system was used to maintain constant dissolved PCB concentrations. Three phases of absorption were observed: first, a rapid absorption phase within the first 15min, second, a first order process reaching the maximum concentration within 48h of exposure, and third, a plateau phase as yet to be determined with very slight increases in concentration. In this study, the percentage of the maximum concentration reached within the first phase varied from 10% to 67%, depending on the size of the PCB (as determined by molecular weight and total surface area), whereas the uptake rate (k(u)) during the second phase was more comparable across different PCBs. In addition, for the first phase, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of PCBs deviated from its expected relationship with hydrophobicity, as determined by K(ow), and was instead related to the molecular structure of the compound.
Topics: Haptophyta; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 22197112
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.042 -
Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago,... Mar 1983One hundred seventeen patients had polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning. Thirty-nine patients were male; 78 were female. The primary ocular manifestations were...
One hundred seventeen patients had polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning. Thirty-nine patients were male; 78 were female. The primary ocular manifestations were profuse discharge from the eyes (80.5%), swelling and pigmentation of the upper lids (58.9%), abnormal pigmentation of conjunctivae (66.6%), and hypersecretion and swelling of the meibomian glands (70.1%). The severity of these changes were directly related to the PCB concentration in the blood. Particularly, heavy pigmentation of conjunctivae, abnormal cystic formation, and hypersecretion of the meibomian glands occurred in those patients whose blood PCB concentration was greater than 41 parts per billion. Ocular signs not only provide early signs for diagnosis, but also serve to indicate the severity of PCB poisoning.
Topics: Conjunctival Diseases; Edema; Eye Diseases; Eyelid Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Meibomian Glands; Pigmentation Disorders; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 6403003
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010379004 -
Bioresource Technology Apr 2011In this study, the effective utilization of lignocellulose residue as an adsorbent was investigated. Japanese cypress wood flour subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment...
In this study, the effective utilization of lignocellulose residue as an adsorbent was investigated. Japanese cypress wood flour subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment and ball-mill grinding was saccharified with an enzyme. The residual wood flour was carbonized and activated by physical and chemical activation to produce adsorbents for persistent organic pollutant removal. The adsorption properties were investigated by pore analysis using the N(2) adsorption/desorption isotherm and adsorption tests for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in a hexane solution. The obtained adsorbents showed high production yields and adsorption properties for dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls.
Topics: Adsorption; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biofuels; Cellulases; Cupressus; Environmental Pollution; Lignin; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 21316952
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.033 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2006The biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relies on the ability of aerobic microorganisms such as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. LB400 to tolerate two...
The biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) relies on the ability of aerobic microorganisms such as Burkholderia xenovorans sp. LB400 to tolerate two potential modes of toxicity presented by PCB degradation: passive toxicity, as hydrophobic PCBs potentially disrupt membrane and protein function, and degradation-dependent toxicity from intermediates of incomplete degradation. We monitored the physiological characteristics and genome-wide expression patterns of LB400 in response to the presence of Aroclor 1242 (500 ppm) under low expression of the structural biphenyl pathway (succinate and benzoate growth) and under induction by biphenyl. We found no inhibition of growth or change in fatty acid profile due to PCBs under nondegrading conditions. Moreover, we observed no differential gene expression due to PCBs themselves. However, PCBs did have a slight effect on the biosurface area of LB400 cells and caused slight membrane separation. Upon activation of the biphenyl pathway, we found growth inhibition from PCBs beginning after exponential-phase growth suggestive of the accumulation of toxic compounds. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed 47 differentially expressed genes (0.56% of all genes) under these conditions. The biphenyl and catechol pathways were induced as expected, but the quinoprotein methanol metabolic pathway and a putative chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase were also highly expressed. As the latter protein is essential to conversion of toxic metabolites in dichloroethane degradation, it may play a similar role in the degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds resulting from PCB degradation.
Topics: Aroclors; Biodegradation, Environmental; Burkholderia; Environmental Pollutants; Gene Expression; Genome, Bacterial; Polychlorinated Biphenyls
PubMed: 17021212
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01129-06 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Dec 2010Recent studies have shown that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels are high in coastal sites. Various types of deposition events, including dry deposition, air-water...
Recent studies have shown that polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels are high in coastal sites. Various types of deposition events, including dry deposition, air-water exchange and wet deposition, were analyzed as part of the study to illustrate the pollution level. The atmospheric levels and deposition mechanisms of 82 PCBs were investigated in Mudanya, a coastal city in Turkey. A total of 175 samples and 112 blanks were collected. Air-water exchange and particle phase dry deposition fluxes were 120 ± 90 ng/m(2)-d and 125 ± 160 ng/m(2)-d, respectively. The wet-dry deposition sampler (WDDS) consisted of two reservoirs, wet and dry. Collected with the WDDS, the dry deposition flux was 21 ± 20 ng/m(2)-d, and the wet deposition fluxes (during the rainy period) were 145 ± 130 ng/m(2)-d and 195 ± 270 ng/m(2)-d for the dissolved and particulate phases, respectively. Mass transfer coefficients (MTCs), dry deposition velocities and washout ratios were calculated and compared with the literature values.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Atmosphere; Environmental Monitoring; Oceans and Seas; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Rain
PubMed: 20832087
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.08.012 -
Chemosphere Nov 2022Fish absorb dioxins from the environment through water and contact with sediments but the main source is food. These contaminants also enter the human body with food,...
Fish absorb dioxins from the environment through water and contact with sediments but the main source is food. These contaminants also enter the human body with food, including through the consumption of fish. This study presents the dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in 145 samples of four fish species (herring, sprat, sea trout, salmon) caught in the southern Baltic Sea. The study results permit assessing whether the efforts made in recent years to reduce dioxin and PCB emissions into the environment have translated into decreases in concentrations of these pollutants in Baltic Sea fishes and whether these raw fish materials meet food law requirements. The safest fish species with regard to dioxins were designated, as were those of which consumption should be limited. The influence of fish age (length) and weight on dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (dl-PCB) concentrations was investigated. The correlation between fat content and dioxin concentration was determined. The Baltic Sea region and fishing ports from which the least contaminated fish come were also determined. The studies indicated that dioxin and PCB concentrationsin fishes from Polish fishing areas are currently lower than they were twenty years ago.
Topics: Animals; Benzofurans; Dioxins; Fishes; Humans; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35810860
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135614 -
Analytical Chemistry Jul 1987
Topics: Animals; Aroclors; Fishes; Humans; Isomerism; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Turtles
PubMed: 3115139
DOI: 10.1021/ac00141a026 -
Chemosphere Aug 2007Although the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been prohibited in Singapore since 1980, OCPs and PCBs still can be...
Although the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been prohibited in Singapore since 1980, OCPs and PCBs still can be detected in the environment and represent a potential threat to public health. In this study, OCPs and PCBs were measured in house dust samples collected from 31 homes across the island-state of Singapore. Organochlorine pesticides, such as hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordanes and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were tested, with a range of
Topics: Dust; Environmental Exposure; Housing; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Pesticides; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Singapore
PubMed: 17490710
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.051 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Jan 1997
Comparative Study
Topics: Animals; Atlantic Islands; Atlantic Ocean; Chromatography, Gas; Lipids; Liver; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Sharks; Species Specificity
PubMed: 8952939
DOI: 10.1007/s001289900313