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Biomaterials Science Aug 2017Thermo-responsive adsorbents for immunoglobulin G (IgG) employing ε-polylysine (EPL) as a polymer backbone were developed. The introduction of mercaptoethylpyridine...
Thermo-responsive adsorbents for immunoglobulin G (IgG) employing ε-polylysine (EPL) as a polymer backbone were developed. The introduction of mercaptoethylpyridine (MEP) as an IgG-binding ligand and hydrophobization of side chains afforded thermo-responsive IgG adsorbents, whose thermo-responsive IgG desorption ratio was up to 88% (EPL/MEP derivative 3m). The changes in surface densities of active MEP groups, which are caused by thermal conformational changes of the adsorbents, play key roles for IgG desorption. Although a trade-off of IgG adsorption capacity and IgG desorption ratio was observed, the present study offers a novel molecular design for thermo-responsive adsorbents with high synthetic accessibility and potentially low toxicity.
Topics: Adsorption; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoglobulin G; Polylysine; Temperature
PubMed: 28632279
DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00390k -
Biomacromolecules 2003This paper describes the synthesis of several novel water-soluble highly branched polypeptides. The synthesis starts with the ring-opening polymerization of...
This paper describes the synthesis of several novel water-soluble highly branched polypeptides. The synthesis starts with the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (Z-Lys NCA) or epsilon-trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine N-carboxyanhydride (TFA-Lys NCA), followed by end functionalization of the peptide chain with N(alpha),N(epsilon)-di(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-l-lysine (N(alpha),N(epsilon)-diFmoc Lys). Deprotection of the N(alpha),N(epsilon)-diFmoc Lys end group affords two new primary amine groups that can initiate the polymerization of a second generation of branches. Repetition of this ring-opening polymerization-end functionalization sequence affords highly branched poly(epsilon-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-lysine) (poly(Z-Lys)) and poly(epsilon-trifluoroacetyl-l-lysine) (poly(TFA-Lys)) in a small number of straightforward synthetic steps. Removal of the side-chain protective groups yields water-soluble and highly branched poly(l-lysine)s, which may be of potential interest for a variety of medical applications.
Topics: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Polylysine; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 12625719
DOI: 10.1021/bm020096k -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Aug 2016Poly(ɛ-L-lysine) (ɛ-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine connected between α-carboxyl and ɛ-amino groups. It has been used as a preservative in food and... (Review)
Review
Poly(ɛ-L-lysine) (ɛ-PL) is an unusual biopolymer composed of L-lysine connected between α-carboxyl and ɛ-amino groups. It has been used as a preservative in food and cosmetics industries, drug carrier in medicines, and gene carrier in gene therapy. Modern biotechnology has significantly improved the synthetic efficiency of this novel homopoly(amino acid) on an industrial scale and has expanded its industrial applications. In the latest years, studies have focused on the biotechnological production and understanding the biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL. Herein, this review focuses on the current trends and future perspectives of microbial ɛ-PL. Information on the screening of ɛ-PL-producing strains, fermentative production of ɛ-PL, breeding of high-ɛ-PL-producing strains, genomic data of ɛ-PL-producing strains, biosynthetic mechanism of microbial ɛ-PL, and the control of molecular weight of microbial ɛ-PL is included. This review will contribute to the development of this novel homopoly(amino acid) and serve as a basis of studies on other biopolymers.
Topics: Biopolymers; Bioreactors; Biotechnology; Cosmetics; Drug Carriers; Fermentation; Food Preservatives; Polylysine; Streptomyces
PubMed: 27333910
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7677-3 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Mar 2003The interaction of DNA with partial dendrimers (dendritic polylysine containing seven lysines and eight terminal amino groups with or without a lipidic core) was... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The interaction of DNA with partial dendrimers (dendritic polylysine containing seven lysines and eight terminal amino groups with or without a lipidic core) was studied. Compact complexes were formed which we term "dendriplexes". Agarose gel electrophoresis and exclusion of ethidium bromide confirmed the interaction. All the dendrons formed compact complexes above a 2:1 (+/-) charge ratio in water and HBSS. Photon correlation spectroscopy, electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements were used to determine, respectively, the particle size, shape and surface charge of the dendriplexes. The z-average diameter of the dendriplexes were found to be 60-70 nm irrespective of the dendron used and the zeta potential varied from 10 to 35 mV at a 3:1 (+/-) charge ratio depending on the dendron. The protection of the DNA component of these dendriplexes from nuclease degradation was confirmed by DNase protection assays.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; DNA; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Ethidium; Lipid Metabolism; Microscopy, Electron; Particle Size; Polylysine
PubMed: 12615402
DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(02)00670-1 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry 1999Plasmid/polylysine complexes, which are used to transfect mammalian cells, increase the uptake of DNA, but plasmid molecules are sequestered into vesicles where they...
Plasmid/polylysine complexes, which are used to transfect mammalian cells, increase the uptake of DNA, but plasmid molecules are sequestered into vesicles where they cannot escape to reach the nuclear machinery. However, the transfection efficiency increases when membrane-disrupting reagents such as chloroquine or fusogenic peptides, are used to disrupt endosomal membranes and to favor the delivery of plasmid into the cytosol. We designed a cationic polymer that forms complexes with a plasmid DNA (pDNA) and mediates the transfection of various cell lines in the absence of chloroquine or fusogenic peptides. This polymer is a polylysine (average degree of polymerization of 190) partially substituted with histidyl residues which become cationic upon protonation of the imidazole groups at pH below 6.0. The transfection efficiency was optimal with a polylysine having 38 +/- 5% of the epsilon-amino groups substituted with histidyl residues; it was not significantly impaired in the presence of serum in the culture medium. The transfection was drastically inhibited in the presence of bafilomycin A1, indicating that the protonation of the imidazole groups in the endosome lumen might favor the delivery of pDNA into the cytosol.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Endosomes; Gene Transfer Techniques; Histidine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Imidazoles; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Plasmids; Polylysine; Rabbits; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 10346871
DOI: 10.1021/bc9801070 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2018Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a flexible and powerful technique to measure the diffusion of fluorescently labeled particles. It has been important in...
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a flexible and powerful technique to measure the diffusion of fluorescently labeled particles. It has been important in examining a range of biological processes, from intracellular transport, to DNA hybridization. It is particularly suited to measuring the assembly of peptides, since peptides are often too small to be detected by standard light scattering methods, or may not contain aromatic amino acid residues, which limits the use of other spectroscopic techniques. In this protocol, we describe state-of-the-art sample preparation for Aβ peptide solutions and the measurement and analysis of the self-assembly of the peptide to form fibrils via a number of intermediate states using FCS.
Topics: Microscopy, Fluorescence; Peptides; Polylysine; Protein Multimerization
PubMed: 29744833
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7811-3_8 -
Food Chemistry May 2024The shelf life of beef is shortened by microbial infection, which limits its supply in the market. Active packaging film is expected to overcome this difficulty. In this...
The shelf life of beef is shortened by microbial infection, which limits its supply in the market. Active packaging film is expected to overcome this difficulty. In this study, an antibacterial/antioxidant SS-ε-PL-TA biocomposite film made by soy protein isolate/sodium alginate/ε-polylysine/tannic acid was designed and prepared. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds and enhanced hydrophobic interactions, the biocomposite film showed enhanced mechanical property. Tensile strength increased from 22.8 ± 2.59 MPa to 64.34 ± 6.22 MPa, and elongation at break increased from 7.70 ± 1.07 % to 13.98 ± 0.22 %. The composite film displayed excellent antibacterial activity owing to the damage to cell membranes and biofilms of bacteria. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity also significantly increased (DPPH ∙ scavenging activity was 78.0 %). The shelf life of beef covered with the SS-ε-PL-TA film was extended by 3 days compared to the control group by decreasing lipid oxidation and inhibiting bacterial growth, showing a good application potential in food packaging.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Antioxidants; Polylysine; Chitosan; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Food Packaging
PubMed: 38081095
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138155 -
Biomacromolecules Aug 2017After more than 20 years of intensive investigations, gene therapy has become one of the most promising strategies for treating genetic diseases. However, the lack of... (Review)
Review
After more than 20 years of intensive investigations, gene therapy has become one of the most promising strategies for treating genetic diseases. However, the lack of ideal delivery systems has limited the clinical realization of gene therapy's tremendous potential, especially for DNA-based gene therapy. Over the past decade, considerable advances have been made in the application of polymer-based DNA delivery systems for gene therapy, especially through multifunctional systems. The core concept behind multifunctional polymeric DNA delivery systems is to endow one single DNA carrier, via materials engineering and surface modification, with several active functions, e.g., good cargo DNA protection, excellent colloidal stability, high cellular uptake efficiency, efficient endo/lysosome escape, effective import into the nucleus, and DNA unpacking. Such specially developed vectors would be capable of overcoming multiple barriers to the successful delivery of DNA. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive overview of the interactions between the protein corona and DNA vectors, the mechanisms and challenges of nonviral DNA vectors, and important concepts in the design of DNA carriers identified via past reports on DNA delivery systems. Finally, we highlight and discuss recent advances in multifunctional polymeric DNA delivery systems based on "off-the-shelf" polycations including polyethylenimine (PEI), poly-l-lysine (PLL), and chitosan and offer perspectives on future developments.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Drug Carriers; Gene Transfer Techniques; Humans; Polyethyleneimine; Polylysine
PubMed: 28661127
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00803 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational... Mar 2009Nanoparticles are increasingly used to label cells to track them by imaging or to quantify them in vivo. However, normal cellular uptake mechanisms are inadequate to...
Nanoparticles are increasingly used to label cells to track them by imaging or to quantify them in vivo. However, normal cellular uptake mechanisms are inadequate to load cells with tracking label. We propose a simple method to coat nanoparticles, such as monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle (MION), with the transfection agent polylysine in order to facilitate rapid, uniform, and heavy labeling of fibroblasts. The method is based on commercially available reagents, requires no more than 1 h of laboratory contact time, and can be accomplished safely without a chemical hood. A suspension of MION was treated by addition of solid sodium periodate to oxidize glucose residues of dextran and introduced aldehyde groups to the dextran coat surrounding MION's crystalline magnetite core. After a 30-min incubation to effect oxidation, unreacted periodate was quenched with glycerol. The preparation was dialyzed to remove reactants and diluted to a final concentration of 2 mg Fe/ml. Poly-L-lysine was added to the oxidized MION (MION-A) to form reversible covalent Schiff base linkages. The resulting conjugate, a polylysine iron oxide nano-particle is abbreviated PLION. NIH3T3 fibroblasts labeled with either MION, MION-A, or MION plus polylysine showed minimal uptake of iron while cells labeled with PLION acquired a brown hue demonstrating strong labeling with iron. Microscopic assessment of iron labeling was confirmed using Prussian blue staining. In some cells, the concentration of iron was sufficiently high and localized to suggest association with cytoplasmic vacuoles. The nucleus of the cell was not labeled. Cell labeling increased when the ratio of polylysine to MION increased and with increasing amount of PLION.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Fibroblasts; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Microscopy; Molecular Imaging; NIH 3T3 Cells; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Polylysine
PubMed: 20559967
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-008-9082-5 -
Food Chemistry Jul 2024Biocomplex materials formed by oppositely charged biopolymers (proteins) tend to be sensitive to environmental conditions and may lose part functional properties of...
Formation mechanism, environmental sensitivity and functional characteristics of succinylated ovalbumin/ε-polylysine electrostatic complexes: The roles of succinylation modification and ε-polylysine combination.
Biocomplex materials formed by oppositely charged biopolymers (proteins) tend to be sensitive to environmental conditions and may lose part functional properties of original proteins, and one of the approaches to address these weaknesses is protein modification. This study established an electrostatic composite system using succinylated ovalbumin (SOVA) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and investigated the impact of varying degrees of succinylation and ε-PL addition on microstructure, environmental responsiveness and functional properties. Molecular docking illustrated that the most favorable binding conformation was that ε-PL binds to OVA groove, which was contributed by the multi‑hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Transmission electron microscopy observed that SOVA/ε-PL had a compact spherical structure with 100 nm. High-degree succinylation reduced complex sensitivity to heat, ionic strength, and pH changes. ε-PL improved the gel strength and antibacterial properties of SOVA. The study suggests possible uses of SOVA/ε-PL complex as multifunctional protein complex systems in the field of food additives.
Topics: Polylysine; Ovalbumin; Static Electricity; Molecular Docking Simulation; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38489883
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138951