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Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of polyphenol-rich food and beverages is associated with a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The... (Review)
Review
Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that consumption of polyphenol-rich food and beverages is associated with a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The beneficial effect has been attributable to several mechanisms including the improvement of the vascular function. Indeed, polyphenols have been shown to be potent stimulators of endothelial vasoprotective mechanisms including the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and the induction of endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH). The aim of this review is to provide a non-exhaustive analysis of the literature regarding polyphenols-rich sources capable of activating endothelial NO synthase and the characterization of the underlying mechanism as well as the beneficial effects of polyphenols on the endothelial function in both experimental models of cardiovascular diseases and in Humans.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Polyphenols
PubMed: 24180384
DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660751 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jun 2021Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker, locally known as Pithraj, is a medicinal herb having enormous traditional applications. However, the scientific rationale...
Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R.Parker, locally known as Pithraj, is a medicinal herb having enormous traditional applications. However, the scientific rationale underlying the ethnomedicinal claims was not well-founded. The current investigation aimed to explore the mechanistic insights of protective effects of ethanol extract of A. polystachya leaf (PT), given orally, on the chemical-intoxicated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in Long-Evans female overiectomized rats. The GC-MS and HPLC-DAD analysis of PT revealed the presence of several bioactive metabolites, including polyphenolic compounds. Catechin hydrate, caffeic acid, syringic acid, epicatechin and p-coumaric acid have been identified and quantified in the ethanol extract of PT leaf. Intoxication with CCl developed the oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation in liver of rats. Moreover, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP) level were found increased; whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in the plasma and liver were decreased in CCl administered rats. Treatment with PT prominently mitigated the oxidative stress (TBARS, NO, APOP), and inflammatory (MPO) markers and improved the endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase and SOD) activities in CCl-intoxicated rats. Additionally, histological assessment confirmed the clear manifestation of inflammation and fibrosis in the liver of CCl-intoxicated rats, which was prevented by PT and silymarin treatment. In conclusion, PT treatment may protect the liver in CCl-administered rats, probably by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis, and also augmenting the function of the antioxidant enzymes.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Female; Liver Cirrhosis; Ovariectomy; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans
PubMed: 33773464
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111530 -
Nutrients Dec 2021Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases of the 21st century. Nevertheless, its prevalence might be attenuated by taking...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic diseases of the 21st century. Nevertheless, its prevalence might be attenuated by taking advantage of bioactive compounds commonly found in fruits and vegetables. This work is focused on the recovery of polyphenols and polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates from grape pomace for T2DM management and prevention. Bioactives were extracted by solid-liquid extraction and by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Polyphenolic fraction recovered by PHWE showed the highest value for total phenolic content (427 μg GAE.mg), mainly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, and higher antioxidant activity compared to the fraction recovered by solid-liquid extraction. Polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates comprehended pectic polysaccharides to which approximately 108 μg GAE of phenolic compounds (per mg fraction) were estimated to be bound. Polyphenols and polysaccharide-polyphenol conjugates exhibited distinct antidiabetic effects, depending on the extraction methodologies employed. Extracts were particularly relevant in the inhibition of a-glucosidase activity, with free polyphenols showing an IC of 0.47 μg.mL while conjugates showed an IC of 2.7, 4.0 and 5.2 μg.mL (solid-liquid extraction, PHWE at 95 and 120 °C, respectively). Antiglycation effect was more pronounced for free polyphenols recovered by PHWE, while the attenuation of glucose uptake by Caco-2 monolayers was more efficient for conjugates obtained by PHWE. The antidiabetic effect of grape pomace bioactives opens new opportunities for the exploitation of these agri-food wastes in food nutrition, the next step towards reaching a circular economy in grape products.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Polysaccharides; Vitis; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases
PubMed: 34960047
DOI: 10.3390/nu13124495 -
Biomaterials Science Oct 2023Abdominal adhesions, a commonly observed complication of abdominal surgery, have a high incidence and adversely affect patients' physical and mental health. The primary...
Abdominal adhesions, a commonly observed complication of abdominal surgery, have a high incidence and adversely affect patients' physical and mental health. The primary causes of abdominal adhesions are intraoperative trauma, acute inflammatory response, bleeding, and foreign body infection. Because most current treatment approaches for abdominal adhesions are limited, improved and novel postoperative anti-adhesion regimens are urgently needed. In this study, we developed calcium polyphenol network (CaPN) microspheres based on the self-assembly of the natural triphenolic compound gallic acid and Ca in solution. The physicochemical properties of CaPNs, including their hemostatic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, were investigated . Bleeding and cecal-abdominal wall adhesion models were established to observe the hemostatic activity of CaPNs and their preventive effect on postoperative abdominal wall adhesion . The results showed that CaPNs significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and abdominal adhesion formation and had good hemostatic and antibacterial properties. Our findings suggest a novel strategy for the prevention of postoperative adhesions.
Topics: Humans; Calcium; Polyphenols; Tissue Adhesions; Hemostatics; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37646188
DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01091k -
Food Chemistry May 2020The polyphenolic content in date seeds, a promising functional ingredient for food, was characterised in three forms viz., date seed powder (DSP), date seed pita bread...
Polyphenol characterisation of Phoenix dactylifera L. (date) seeds using HPLC-mass spectrometry and its bioaccessibility using simulated in-vitro digestion/Caco-2 culture model.
The polyphenolic content in date seeds, a promising functional ingredient for food, was characterised in three forms viz., date seed powder (DSP), date seed pita bread (DSB) and date seed extract (DSE). Bioaccessibility of the polyphenols from the samples was assessed by in-vitro digestion coupled with transport using Caco-2 cells. HPLC-ESI-UV/MS/MS-(IT) analysis recorded the presence of phenolic acids, flavanols, flavonols and flavones. Flavan-3-ols was the most significant group with the highest concentration in DSP, 47.91 ± 0.13 g/kg, after depolymerisation. Phenolic acids such as protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid and caffeoylshikimic acid were recovered from DSP and DSE after in-vitro digestion. In comparison, the recovery was significantly lower in the bread sample. Similarly, transport of protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeoylshikimic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid hexoside and diosmin through Caco-2 monolayer was observed in DSP and DSE, while protocatechuic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were the only polyphenols transported from digested DSB.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Flavones; Flavonols; Humans; Hydroxybenzoates; Phoeniceae; Polyphenols; Seeds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 31864186
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125969 -
Food Chemistry Dec 2023Protein-polyphenol colloidal particles are promising stabilizers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). However, the relationship between the structure of...
Protein-polyphenol colloidal particles are promising stabilizers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs). However, the relationship between the structure of the polyphenols and its ability to stabilize HIPPEs has not been studied thus far. In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-polyphenols (B-P) complexes were prepared, and their ability to stabilize HIPPEs was investigated. The polyphenols were bound to BSA via non-covalent interactions. Optically isomeric polyphenols formed similar bonds with BSA, whereas a greater number of trihydroxybenzoyl groups or hydroxyl groups in the dihydroxyphenyl moieties of polyphenols increased the B-P interactions. Polyphenols also reduced the interfacial tension and enhanced the wettability at the oil-water interface. The HIPPE stabilized by BSA-tannic acid complex exhibited the highest stability among the B-P complexes and resisted demixing and aggregation during centrifugation. This study promotes the potential applications of polyphenol-protein colloidal particles-stabilized HIPPEs in the food industry.
Topics: Polyphenols; Emulsions; Tannins; Wettability; Particle Size
PubMed: 37423104
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136773 -
Journal of Dentistry Sep 2022The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of periodic polyphenol treatment on the ultrastructure and anti-erosive potential of an in-situ formed... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of periodic polyphenol treatment on the ultrastructure and anti-erosive potential of an in-situ formed pellicle.
METHODS
Subjects wore intraoral appliances with buccally and palatally fixed bovine enamel specimens. During 6 h of intraoral pellicle formation, 100 ml black tea or tannic acid was applied ex-vivo every 25 min for 5 min. Untreated pellicles served as control. After the trial, specimens were immersed in 0.1% or 1% citric acid for 60 s and analysed for calcium release with atomic adsorption spectrometry and ultrastructure with transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Specimens covered by pellicles treated with black tea or tannic acid released less calcium than untreated pellicles. Ultrastructural analyses reveal an increase in pellicle's thickness and density after treatment with polyphenols.
CONCLUSIONS
Periodic polyphenol treatment of the pellicle modify its ultrastructure and increase its anti-erosive potential.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Consumption of polyphenolic beverages can enhance the anti-erosive potential of the enamel pellicle.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Dental Pellicle; Humans; Polyphenols; Tannins; Tea; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 35850367
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104236 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Polyphenols, commonly found in various plants, have attracted enormous attention due to their potential pharmacological activity, especially antitumor activity dependent... (Review)
Review
Polyphenols, commonly found in various plants, have attracted enormous attention due to their potential pharmacological activity, especially antitumor activity dependent on immune function. In recent years, the development of nanomedicine can counteract the low bioavailability of polyphenols and improve the effect of tumor treatment. Among them, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), which utilize various metal ions and phenolic ligands for coordination binding, have now become candidates for polyphenol-based nanomedicine treatment of tumors. In this mini-review, we described the classification of polyphenols and their mechanisms in antitumor immune responses, and provided suggestions for the next steps of treating tumors with polyphenols.
Topics: Humans; Polyphenols; Immunomodulation; Neoplasms; Nanomedicine; Immunity
PubMed: 36505462
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041138 -
International Journal of Biological... Apr 2014Blood coagulation consists of series of zymogens which can be converted by limited proteolysis to active enzymes leading to the generation of thrombin and conversion of...
Blood coagulation consists of series of zymogens which can be converted by limited proteolysis to active enzymes leading to the generation of thrombin and conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin by this enzyme. The activated factor X (FXa) forms prothrombinase complex on phosphatidylserine containing surface which is responsible for conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. One molecule of FXa generates more than 1000 thrombin molecules. Therefore FXa is a novel target for modern anticoagulant therapy. The aim of our present study is to examine the effects of the well-known plant polyphenolic compounds on factor Xa amidolytic activity and characterization of these interactions using bioinformatic ligand docking method. We observed that only four polyphenols belonging to flavonoids group: procyanidin B2, cyanidin, quercetin and silybin, had inhibitory effect on FXa activity. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that procyanidin B2, cyanidin, quercetin and silybin bound in the S1-S4 pockets located in vicinity of the FXa active site and blocked access of substrates to Ser195. The results presented here showed that flavonoids might be potential structural bases for design of new nature-based, safe, orally bioavailable direct FXa inhibitors.
Topics: Amides; Amino Acid Sequence; Computational Biology; Factor X; Humans; Hydrolysis; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Ligands; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Sequence Data; Polyphenols; Protein Structure, Tertiary
PubMed: 24444877
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.023 -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2024To develop a rapid method for analysing polyphenols, which are potentially active antioxidants against neonatal oxidative stress, from small human milk (HM) volumes.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a rapid method for analysing polyphenols, which are potentially active antioxidants against neonatal oxidative stress, from small human milk (HM) volumes.
METHODS
Acid and alkaline extractions were compared using two dyes: Folin-Ciocalteu and Fast Blue BB. Linearity, sensitivity, recovery percentage, polyphenol content, precision, and stability were assessed in 14 HM samples and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H test (p<0.05). The best technique was applied to 284 HM samples to determine their polyphenolic content and its association with maternal diet by multifactorial linear regression.
RESULTS
Acidic extraction successfully recovered the gallic acid reference standard, whereas alkaline extraction overestimated it. Calibration curves for all methods were linear (R2>0.96) up to 500 mg/L. All bicarbonate-based Folin-Ciocalteu methods assayed were stable and repeatable, whereas Fast Blue BB-based variants were not. HM polyphenols (mean=94.68 mg/L) positively correlated to the dietary intake of hydroxycinnamic acids, the most consumed polyphenolic family in this population.
CONCLUSIONS
A bicarbonate-based Folin-Ciocalteu micromethod allowed the accurate determination of polyphenols in HM, which might be useful for translational research settings and HM banks.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Polyphenols; Milk, Human; Bicarbonates; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diazonium Compounds
PubMed: 38537035
DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2023186