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Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2019Ganoderma, named lingzhi in China, has been used for centuries as drug and nutraceutical to treat diseases. Based on our research and other literatures, the chapter... (Review)
Review
Ganoderma, named lingzhi in China, has been used for centuries as drug and nutraceutical to treat diseases. Based on our research and other literatures, the chapter summarizes the progress of preparation, structural features and properties, bioactivities of Ganoderma polysaccharides. The aim is to provide a comprehensive source of information for researchers and consumers of Ganoderma, so they can better understand Ganoderma polysaccharides and their biological activities. In addition, more clinical studies should be carried out to meet the criteria for new drug development, and more convincing scientific data should be provided. In addition, on the basis of a large number of studies on Ganoderma polysaccharides, we suggest that more clinical studies should be carried out so that Ganoderma can be better recognized and applied all over the world.
Topics: China; Ganoderma; Phytochemicals; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 31677141
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9867-4_4 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2021Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis (AS) that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. ASP is... (Review)
Review
Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) is one of the main active components of Angelica sinensis (AS) that is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. ASP is water-soluble polysaccharides, and it is mainly composed of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), rhamnose (Rha), fucose (Fuc), xylose (Xyl) and galacturonic acid (GalUA). The extraction methods of ASP include hot water extraction and ultrasonic wave extraction, and different extraction methods can affect the yield of ASP. ASP has a variety of pharmacological activities, including hematopoietic activity, promoting immunity, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-virus, liver protection, and so on. As a kind of natural polysaccharide, ASP has potential application as drug carriers. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest extraction and purification methods of ASP, the strategies used for monosaccharide compositional analysis plus polysaccharide structural characterization, pharmacological activities and drug carrier applications, and it can provide a basis for further study on ASP.
Topics: Angelica sinensis; Animals; Drug Carriers; Humans; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34090852
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.213 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Mar 2018Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules,... (Review)
Review
Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Biological Products; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 29352896
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.009 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Polysaccharide-based nanosystem is an umbrella term for many areas within research and technology dealing with polysaccharides that have at least one of their dimensions... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharide-based nanosystem is an umbrella term for many areas within research and technology dealing with polysaccharides that have at least one of their dimensions in the realm of a few hundreds of nanometers. Nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanofibers, nanofilms, and nanonetworks can be fabricated from many different polysaccharide resources. Abundance in nature, cellulose, starch, chitosan, and pectin of different molecular structures are widely used to fabricate nanosystems for versatile industrial applications. This review presents the dissolution and modification of polysaccharides, which are influenced by their different molecular structures and applications. The dissolution ways include conventional organic solvents, ionic liquids, inorganic strong alkali and acids, enzymes, and hydrothermal treatment. Rheological properties of polysaccharide-based nano slurries are tailored for the purpose functions of the final products, e.g., imparting electrostatic functions of nanofibers to reduce viscosity by using lithium chloride and octenyl succinic acid to increase the hydrophobicity. Nowadays, synergistic effects of polysaccharide blends are increasingly highlighted. In particular, the reinforcing effect of nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanowhiskers, and nanofibers to hydrogels, aerogels, and scaffolds, and the double network hydrogels of a rigid skeleton and a ductile substance have been developed for many emerging issues.
Topics: Polysaccharides; Cellulose; Starch; Solvents; Hydrogels
PubMed: 35916785
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2104209 -
International Journal of Biological... Oct 2019Momordica charantia polysaccharide (MCP) was extracted by hot water and chemically modified to obtain phosphorylated Momordica charantia polysaccharide (P-MCP) with...
Momordica charantia polysaccharide (MCP) was extracted by hot water and chemically modified to obtain phosphorylated Momordica charantia polysaccharide (P-MCP) with degree of substitution 0.12 and sulfated Momordica charantia polysaccharide (S-MCP) with degree of substitution 0.45. The sugar content of the three polysaccharides was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method, 74.0%, 68.1% and 59.8% respectively. The scavenging ability of three polysaccharides to superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical, as well as their anti-lipid peroxidation and reduction ability were determined. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides varied with different chemical modifications.
Topics: Antioxidants; Free Radical Scavengers; Hydroxyl Radical; Momordica charantia; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Spectrum Analysis; Sugars; Superoxides
PubMed: 31344411
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.129 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022Polysaccharides elicit enormous and promising applications due to their extensive obtainability, innocuousness, and biodegradability. Various outstanding features of... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides elicit enormous and promising applications due to their extensive obtainability, innocuousness, and biodegradability. Various outstanding features of polysaccharides can be employed to fabricate biomimetic and multifunctional hydrogels as efficient wound dressings. These hydrogels mimic the natural extracellular matrix and also boost the proliferation of cells. Owing to distinctive architectures and abundance of functional groups, polysaccharide-derived hydrogels have exceptional physicochemical properties and unique therapeutic interventions. Hydrogels designed using polysaccharides can effectively safeguard wounds from bacterial attack. This review includes wound physiology and emphasises on numerous polysaccharide-based hydrogels for wound repair applications. Polysaccharide hydrogels for different wound types and diverse therapeutic agents loaded in hydrogels for wound repair with recent patents are portrayed in the current manuscript, debating the potential of fascinating hydrogels for effective wound healing. More research is required to engineer multifaceted advanced polysaccharide hydrogels with tuneable and adjustable properties to attain huge potential in wound healing.
Topics: Hydrogels; Wound Healing; Bandages; Polysaccharides; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36395945
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.115 -
Chemical Biology & Drug Design Jan 2022Tea polysaccharide is a kind of acid glycoprotein complex extracted from tea. Tea polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities, especially the hypoglycemic... (Review)
Review
Tea polysaccharide is a kind of acid glycoprotein complex extracted from tea. Tea polysaccharide has a variety of biological activities, especially the hypoglycemic effect is outstanding. It is good for human health. Tea polysaccharides have been extensively studied over the past few decades. The advantages and disadvantages of water extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction were described. At the same time, the structure and biological activity of tea polysaccharide were also summarized. The development of tea polysaccharide was prospected.
Topics: Antioxidants; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Microwaves; Plant Extracts; Polysaccharides; Solid Phase Extraction; Tea
PubMed: 34265179
DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13924 -
Carbohydrate Research Mar 2015Polysaccharide nanocomposites have become increasingly important materials over the past decade. Polysaccharides offer a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharide nanocomposites have become increasingly important materials over the past decade. Polysaccharides offer a green alternative to synthetic polymers in the preparation of soft nanomaterials. They have also been used in composites with hard nanomaterials, such as metal nanoparticles and carbon-based nanomaterials. This mini review describes methods for polysaccharide nanocomposite preparation and reviews the various types and diverse applications for these novel materials.
Topics: Animals; Nanocomposites; Nanotechnology; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 25498200
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.07.016 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2023Polysaccharides form a major class of natural polymers with diverse applications in biomedical science and tissue engineering. One of the key thrust areas for... (Review)
Review
Polysaccharides form a major class of natural polymers with diverse applications in biomedical science and tissue engineering. One of the key thrust areas for polysaccharide materials is skin tissue engineering and regeneration, whose market is estimated to reach around 31 billion USD globally by 2030, with a compounded annual growth rate of 10.46 %. Out of this, chronic wound healing and management is a major concern, especially for underdeveloped and developing nations, mainly due to poor access to medical interventions for such societies. Polysaccharide materials have shown promising results and clinical potential in recent decades with regard to chronic wound healing. Their low cost, ease of fabrication, biodegradability, and ability to form hydrogels make them ideal candidates for managing and healing such difficult-to-heal wounds. The present review presents a summary of the recently explored polysaccharide-based transdermal patches for managing and healing chronic wounds. Their efficacy and potency of healing both as active and passive wound dressings are evaluated in several in-vitro and in-vivo models. Finally, their clinical performances and future challenges are summarized to draw a road map towards their role in advanced wound care.
Topics: Wound Healing; Skin; Polysaccharides; Bandages; Hydrogels
PubMed: 37321732
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121038 -
International Journal of Biological... Jul 2022Hydrogels are ideal for various food applications because of their softness, elasticity, absorbent nature, flexibility, and hygroscopic nature. Polysaccharide hydrogels... (Review)
Review
Hydrogels are ideal for various food applications because of their softness, elasticity, absorbent nature, flexibility, and hygroscopic nature. Polysaccharide hydrogels are particularly suitable because of the hydrophilic nature, their food compatibility, and their non-immunogenic character. Such hydrogels offer a wide range of successful applications such as food preservation, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food packaging. Additionally, polysaccharide hydrogels have proven to play a significant role in the formulation of food flavor carrier systems, thus diversifying the horizons of newer developments in food processing sector. Polysaccharide hydrogels are comprised of natural polymers such as alginate, chitosan, starch, pectin and hyaluronic acid when crosslinked physically or chemically. Hydrogels with interchangeable, antimicrobial and barrier properties are referred to as smart hydrogels. This review brings together the recent and relevant polysaccharide research in these polysaccharide hydrogel applications areas and seeks to point the way forward for future research and interventions. Applications in carrying out the process of flavor carrier system directly through their incorporation in food matrices, broadening the domain for food application innovations. The classification and important features of polysaccharide-based hydrogels in food processing are the topics of the current review study.
Topics: Alginates; Chitosan; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogels; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35705126
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.044