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Brain Research Oct 1971
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cats; Cerebellum; Electric Stimulation; Neural Pathways; Picrotoxin; Pons; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thalamic Nuclei
PubMed: 4940679
DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(71)90322-2 -
Developmental Neuroscience 2002Gangliosides are known to be developmentally regulated and regionally variable, but these variations have not been shown to occur among precisely defined nuclei of the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Gangliosides are known to be developmentally regulated and regionally variable, but these variations have not been shown to occur among precisely defined nuclei of the brain in relation to either aging or function. We have sought to correlate changes in ganglioside distribution with age-related changes in highly specific brain regions known to control a common function, the regulation of rapid eye movement sleep architecture. Gangliosides were extracted and quantified from micropunched regions of the locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe, laterodorsal tegmentum, pedunculopontine tegmentum and the general region of the pons containing these nuclei in young adult (3 months), adult (12 months), and aged (24 months) rats. The ganglioside distribution patterns were generally characteristic of the pons as a whole, but showed a high level of differentiation in time course at specific anatomical sites.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Gangliosides; Male; Pons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 12697985
DOI: 10.1159/000069358 -
Journal of Neurophysiology Jan 1959
Topics: Animals; Cats; Pons; Respiration
PubMed: 13621254
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1959.22.1.33 -
Neurological Sciences : Official... Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Pons; Cerebellum; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Inflammation
PubMed: 36322210
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06476-z -
Trends in Neurosciences Oct 1999If numbers matter, the projection that connects the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum is probably one of the most-important pathways through the CNS. Its extensive... (Review)
Review
If numbers matter, the projection that connects the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum is probably one of the most-important pathways through the CNS. Its extensive development as one ascends the phylogenetic scale parallels that of the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum, and it accompanies improvements in motor skills, suggesting that this system might have a decisive role in the generation of skilled movement. This article focuses on the pontine nuclei (PN), which are intercalated in the cerebro-cerebellar pathway, a large nuclear complex in the ventral brainstem of mammals, whose raison d'ĂȘtre has as yet not been examined. By considering recent morphological and electrophysiological findings, this article argues that the PN are an interface that is needed to accommodate the grossly different computational principles governing the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex; Mammals; Motor Neurons; Motor Skills; Neural Pathways; Pons
PubMed: 10481191
DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01446-0 -
Hinyokika Kiyo. Acta Urologica Japonica Dec 1991To identify the effective region of the pons in response to inaperisone which facilitates urine storage, inaperisone (100 mM, 0.2 microliters) was injected into the...
To identify the effective region of the pons in response to inaperisone which facilitates urine storage, inaperisone (100 mM, 0.2 microliters) was injected into the nucleus locus coeruleus alpha (LCa, the pontine micturition center), the nucleus locus subcoeruleus (LSC, the pontine urine storage center) and the nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (PoO, micturition inhibitory region) of the decerebrate cats. On reflex micturition, inaperisone injection into the LSC decreased voiding volume, and increased residual volume and bladder capacity, significantly. However, there was no difference in the maximum bladder pressure before and after inaperisone injection into the LSC. Inaperisone injection into the LCa or the PoO had no influence on reflex micturition. These results suggest that effective region of the pons in response to inaperisone is the LSC, and that inaperisone facilitates the urine storage neural mechanism in the LSC.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Electromyography; Female; Male; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pons; Propiophenones; Reflex; Urinary Bladder; Urination
PubMed: 1785387
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Comparative Neurology Nov 1998
Review
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Emotions; Humans; Neural Pathways; Periaqueductal Gray; Pons
PubMed: 9826271
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Jan 1997In our ongoing attempt to determine the anatomic substrates that could support a cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing, we investigated the prefrontal cortical... (Review)
Review
In our ongoing attempt to determine the anatomic substrates that could support a cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing, we investigated the prefrontal cortical projections to the basilar pons. A detailed understanding of these pathways is needed, because the prefrontal cortex is critical for a number of complex cognitive operations, and the corticopontine projection is the obligatory first step in the corticopontocerebellar circuit. Prefrontopontine connections were studied using the autoradiographic technique in rhesus monkey. The pontine projections were most prominent and occupied the greatest rostrocaudal extent of the pons when derived from the dorsolateral prefrontal convexity, including areas 8Ad, 9/46d, and 10. Lesser pontine projections were observed from the medial prefrontal convexity and area 45B in the inferior limb of the arcuate sulcus. In contrast, ventral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices did not demonstrate pontine projections. The prefrontopontine terminations were located preferentially in the paramedian nucleus and in the medial parts of the peripeduncular nucleus, but each cortical area appeared to have a unique complement of pontine nuclei with which it is connected. The existence of these corticopontine pathways from prefrontal areas concerned with multiple domains of higher-order processing is consistent with the hypothesis that the cerebellum is an essential node in the distributed corticosubcortical neural circuits subserving cognitive operations.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain Mapping; Macaca mulatta; Neural Pathways; Pons; Prefrontal Cortex; Synaptic Transmission
PubMed: 8987769
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.17-01-00438.1997 -
Archives of Neurology Jan 1984
Topics: Aged; Ataxia; Cerebral Infarction; Hemiplegia; Humans; Male; Pons; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 6689883
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1984.04050130018011 -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jul 2009As the second synapse in the central gustatory pathway of the rodent, the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) receives information about taste stimuli directly from...
As the second synapse in the central gustatory pathway of the rodent, the parabrachial nucleus of the pons (PbN) receives information about taste stimuli directly from the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Data show that NTS cells amplify taste responses before transmitting taste-related signals to the PbN. NTS cells of varied response profiles send converging input to PbN cells, though input from NTS cells with similar profiles is more effective at driving PbN responses. PbN cells follow NTS input for the first 3 s of taste stimulation for NaCl, HCl, and quinine, but are driven in cyclic bursts throughout the response interval for sucrose. Analyses of the temporal characteristics of NTS and PbN responses show that both structures use temporal coding with equal effectiveness to identify taste quality. Thus, the NTS input to the PbN is comprehensive, in that PbN cells receive NTS input that could support broad sensitivity, systematic, in that the time course of PbN firing patterns depend reliably on the tastant, and efficient, in that information from the NTS is preserved as it is communicated across structures. Comparisons of NTS and PbN taste responses in rats form the basis for our speculation that in primates, where the central gustatory pathway does not synapse in the PbN, the function of the PbN in taste processing may have been incorporated into that of the NTS.
Topics: Animals; Pons; Taste
PubMed: 19686160
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03903.x