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International Journal of Epidemiology Dec 2008Literature on the effect of community social capital on health is inconsistent and could be related to differences in social capital measures, health outcomes,...
BACKGROUND
Literature on the effect of community social capital on health is inconsistent and could be related to differences in social capital measures, health outcomes, population groups and locations studied. Therefore this study examines the diversity in associations between community social capital and health by investigating different diseases, populations groups and locations.
METHODS
Mortality records and individual data on sex, age, marital status, ethnic origin and place of residence were available for 6 years (1995-2000). Neighbourhood data, i.e. community social capital, socio-economic level and urbanicity, were linked through postcode information. Community social capital was indicated by measures of community interaction, belongingness, satisfaction and involvement. Variations in all-cause and cause-specific mortality across low and high social capital neighbourhoods were estimated through Poisson regression. In addition, analyses were stratified according to population group and to urbanization level.
RESULTS
In the total population, community social capital was not related to all-cause mortality (RR = 1.00; CI: 0.99-1.01). However, residents of high social capital neighbourhoods had lower mortality risks for cancer [especially lung cancer (RR = 0.92; CI: 0.89-0.96)] and for suicide (RR = 0.90; CI: 0.83-0.98). Slightly lower mortality risks were also found for men (RR = 0.98; CI: 0.97-0.99), married individuals (RR = 0.96; CI: 0.94-0.97) and for residents living in socially strong neighbourhoods located in large cities (RR = 0.95; CI: 0.91-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS
The association between community social capital and health differs per health outcome, study population and location studied. This underlines the need to take such diversity into account when aiming to conceptualize the relation between community social capital and health.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cause of Death; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Odds Ratio; Population Groups; Regression Analysis; Residence Characteristics; Risk; Social Class; Social Environment; Social Support; Urban Health
PubMed: 18782895
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn181 -
Clinical Trials (London, England) Feb 2022Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations...
BACKGROUND
Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations influence therapeutic responses, thus there are potential risks and harm when extrapolating evidence from the general population to Indigenous peoples. Indigenous population-specific clinical studies, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in general population clinical trials, are perceived to be rare. Our study (1) identified and characterized Indigenous population-specific chronic disease trials and (2) identified the representation of Indigenous peoples in general population chronic disease trials conducted in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.
METHODS
For Objective 1, publicly available clinical trial registries were searched from May 2010 to May 2020 using Indigenous population-specific terms and included for data extraction if in pre-specified chronic disease. For identified trials, we extracted Indigenous population group identity and characteristics, type of intervention, and funding type. For Objective 2, a random selection of 10% of registered clinical trials was performed and the proportion of Indigenous population participants enrolled extracted.
RESULTS
In total, 170 Indigenous population-specific chronic disease trials were identified. The clinical trials were predominantly behavioral interventions (n = 95). Among general population studies, 830 studies were randomly selected. When race was reported in studies (n = 526), Indigenous individuals were enrolled in 172 studies and constituted 5.6% of the total population enrolled in those studies.
CONCLUSION
Clinical trials addressing chronic disease conditions in Indigenous populations are limited. It is crucial to ensure adequate representation of Indigenous peoples in clinical trials to ensure trial data are applicable to their clinical care.
Topics: Canada; Chronic Disease; Humans; Indigenous Peoples; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; New Zealand; Population Groups; United States
PubMed: 34991361
DOI: 10.1177/17407745211069153 -
Population and Development Review 2011
Topics: Demography; Government; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Population Density; Population Groups; Public Health; Public Policy; Social Change
PubMed: 21280373
DOI: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2011.00386.x -
BMC Psychology Feb 2024Mental disorders are accountable for 16% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Therefore, accessible, cost-effective interventions are needed to help provide...
BACKGROUND
Mental disorders are accountable for 16% of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Therefore, accessible, cost-effective interventions are needed to help provide preventive and therapeutic options. As directors and screenwriters can reach a great audience, they can use their platform to either promote stigma or educate the public with the correct definition and conception of mental disorders. Therefore, we aimed to measure the stigmatizing attitude of contemporary Iranian directors and screenwriters toward patients with mental disorders in comparison with a general population group.
METHODS
In this comparative study, we included 72 directors and screenwriters between 18 and 65 years of age with a minimum involvement in at least one movie/television show, and 72 age and educationmatched controls. We collected the demographic data of the participants, and used the Persian version of the Level of Contact Report (LCR) to measure their familiarity with mental disorders, and used the Persian version of Social Distance Scale (SDS) and Dangerousness Scale (DS) to measure their attitude toward them.
RESULTS
Compared to the general population group, directors and screenwriters had significantly lower SDS (12.51 ± 3.8 vs. 13.65 ± 3.73) and DS (12.51 ± 3.8 vs. 13.65 ± 3.73) scores (P < 0.001), indicating a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders. Familiarity with mental disorders was not significantly different between the groups. Female sex was associated with a more negative attitude among the directors and screenwriters group. Additionally, among the SDS items, 'How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder marrying your children?' and 'How would you feel about someone with severe mental disorder taking care of your children for a couple of hours?' received the most negative feedback in both groups. And among the DS items, 'there should be a law forbidding a former mental patient the right to obtain a hunting license' received the most negative feedback in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Iranian contemporary directors and screenwriters had a more positive attitude toward patients with mental disorders, compared to general population. Due to this relatively positive attitude, this group of artists can potentially contribute to anti-stigma initiatives by offering educational materials and resources, promoting mental health care, and improving access to mental health care.
Topics: Child; Humans; Female; Iran; Stereotyping; Population Groups; Attitude; Mental Disorders; Social Stigma
PubMed: 38360759
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01550-x -
The Journal of the Alabama Academy of... Dec 1946
Topics: Biometry; Humans; Population Groups; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 20248868
DOI: No ID Found -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Sep 2021Despite the increasing proportion of Asian and MELAA (Middle Eastern, Latin American and African) population groups in Aotearoa New Zealand (collectively referred here... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Despite the increasing proportion of Asian and MELAA (Middle Eastern, Latin American and African) population groups in Aotearoa New Zealand (collectively referred here as A/EM), research on their health and wellbeing is still nascent. To improve our understanding of health and wellbeing of A/EM groups, including future research needs, a review and synthesis of existing A/EM research in New Zealand is timely.
AIM
To undertake a scoping review of existing research on A/EM health in New Zealand with a view to highlighting key health concerns for this group and identifying the areas where there is a concentration of A/EM research and, concomitantly, where there are gaps.
METHODS
Medline and PubMed databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2019 that report on A/EM health and wellbeing.
RESULTS
The scoping review identified 115 (63 quantitative and 52 qualitative) studies. Three thematic areas were identified in the published literature: health conditions, health determinants and health services. The review also highlighted several gaps in the body of published A/EM research.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the evidence base on A/EM health in New Zealand is weak as there is limited information on health conditions and its determinants of minority groups, including their patterns of health service use. The nature and content of A/EM health research requires further substantive development in terms of understanding the health and its determinants of this ever increasing and heterogenous population group.
Topics: Asian People; Ethnicity; Health Services Research; Humans; New Zealand; Social Determinants of Health
PubMed: 34531585
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Community Health... 2008People are living longer because of advances made through biomedical research. The challenge in genetic research on indigenous peoples is that it raises a complex range...
People are living longer because of advances made through biomedical research. The challenge in genetic research on indigenous peoples is that it raises a complex range of legal, ethical, social, spiritual, and political issues. The current research paradigm is one of paternalism and biocolonialism. Such was the case of the Havasupai, who believed their blood samples were to be solely used for their collective benefit and well-being, and Native Hawaiians, who are opposed to genetically modified taro. Pertinent questions that should be considered before conducting research with and amongst Native communities include:* Is there informed consent or the need for re-consent?* Is cultural knowledge respected?* Are indigenous beliefs, values, and practices taken into account?* Is there potential for group harm?* Is there accountability to community?Establishing a community Institutional Review Board may be the most effective means toward achieving equal and ethical treatment in population/group-based research. Research should be about ethically rigorous processes and effectively tailored interventions that address community needs, interests, and values.
Topics: Community-Based Participatory Research; Community-Institutional Relations; Cultural Competency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Hawaii; Humans; Informed Consent; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Population Groups
PubMed: 20208312
DOI: 10.1353/cpr.0.0046 -
Nature Apr 2019
Topics: DNA, Ancient; Female; Genomics; Humans; Indians, North American; Minority Groups; Population Groups; Pregnancy; Research Design; Research Personnel; Social Marginalization
PubMed: 30992587
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-019-01166-x -
Diseases of the Chest Oct 1959
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Humans; Population Groups
PubMed: 13833140
DOI: 10.1378/chest.36.4.397 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Jan 2014Indian population is characterized by the presence of various castes and tribal groups. Various genetic polymorphisms have been used to differentiate among these groups....
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES
Indian population is characterized by the presence of various castes and tribal groups. Various genetic polymorphisms have been used to differentiate among these groups. Amongst these, the ABO blood group system has been extensively studied. There is no information on molecular genotyping of ABO blood groups from India. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to characterize the common A, B and O alleles by molecular analysis in some Indian population groups.
METHODS
One hundred samples from the mixed population from Mumbai, 101 samples from the Dhodia tribe and 100 samples from the Parsi community were included in this study. Initially, the samples were phenotyped by standard serologic techniques. PCR followed by single strand conformational polymorphsim (SSCP) was used for molecular ABO genotyping. Samples showing atypical SSCP patterns were further analysed by DNA sequencing to characterize rare alleles.
RESULTS
Seven common ABO alleles with 19 different genotypes were found in the mixed population. The Dhodias showed 12 different ABO genotypes and the Parsis revealed 15 different ABO genotypes with six common ABO alleles identified in each of them. Two rare alleles were also identified.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS
This study reports the distribution of molecular genotypes of ABO alleles among some population groups from India. Considering the extremely heterogeneous nature of the Indian population, in terms of various genotype markers like blood groups, red cell enzymes, etc., many more ABO alleles are likely to be encountered.
Topics: ABO Blood-Group System; Alleles; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; India; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; Population Groups
PubMed: 24604045
DOI: No ID Found