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Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Oct 2009The main focus of this chapter is the comprehensive description of the neuropathology, the imaging correlates and underlying mechanisms of prenatal stroke. We describe... (Review)
Review
The main focus of this chapter is the comprehensive description of the neuropathology, the imaging correlates and underlying mechanisms of prenatal stroke. We describe established prenatal stroke in subgroups similar to postnatal stroke: arterial (forebrain or hindbrain) infarction, venous thrombosis, primary lobar haemorrhage. This longitudinal classification should facilitate the study of risk factors and mechanisms. Forebrain lesions of arterial type present as porencephaly, (hemi)hydranencephaly, multicystic encephalopathy or schizencephaly. Venous prenatal forebrain stroke presents as simple porencephaly (in some of genetic nature) and sinus thrombosis. A list of rare porencephaly-like conditions is added for differentiation from arterial and venous porencephaly. Hindbrain infarctions (so far the only reported variants seem to be of arterial nature) present as brainstem disconnection, focal brainstem destruction, uni- or bilateral cerebellar destruction and focal spinal cord ischaemia. Prenatal intracranial haemorrhage and congenital brain infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of prenatal stroke.
Topics: Brain; Brain Infarction; Diagnosis, Differential; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infections; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Prosencephalon; Rhombencephalon; Stroke; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 19664975
DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2009.07.008 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Jan 2015COL4A1-associated disorders encompass a wide range of hereditary vasculopathy, including porencephaly and HANAC (adult-onset hemorrhagic stroke with cerebral aneurysm...
COL4A1-associated disorders encompass a wide range of hereditary vasculopathy, including porencephaly and HANAC (adult-onset hemorrhagic stroke with cerebral aneurysm and retinal arterial tortuosity, renal cysts, and thenar muscle cramp). It remains elusive whether or not porencephaly and HANAC are molecularly distinctive disorders due to different classes of mutations. We report on a girl with porencephaly and an episode of microangiopathic hemolysis in infancy and her father with HANAC, both of whom had a heterozygous missense mutation of COL4A1 (c.3715G>A, p.G1239R). The current observation implies phenotypic diversities of COL4A1 mutations.
Topics: Adult; Base Sequence; Collagen Type IV; Fathers; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle Cramp; Mutation; Pedigree; Porencephaly; Pregnancy; Raynaud Disease; Young Adult
PubMed: 25425218
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36823 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Dec 2020
Review
Topics: Cardiology; Cardiomegaly; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Hydrops Fetalis; Neurosurgery; Porencephaly; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Referral and Consultation; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Vein of Galen Malformations
PubMed: 33168212
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.181 -
Acta Psychiatrica Et Neurologica... 1951
Topics: Central Nervous System Cysts; Cerebral Cortex; Cysts; Humans; Porencephaly
PubMed: 14902565
DOI: No ID Found -
Yonago Acta Medica Dec 2017Schizencephaly and porencephaly are extremely rare types of cortical dysplasia. Case 1: Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed wide clefts in the frontal and...
Schizencephaly and porencephaly are extremely rare types of cortical dysplasia. Case 1: Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed wide clefts in the frontal and parietal lobes bilaterally. On postnatal day 3, MRI T2-weighted images showed multiple hypointensities in the clefts and ventricular walls, suggestive of hemosiderosis secondary to intracranial hemorrhage. Case 2: Prenatal MRI showed bilateral cleft and cyst formation in the fetal cerebrum, as well as calcification and hemosiderosis indicative of past hemorrhage. T2-weighted images showed hypointensities in the same regions as the calcification, corresponding with hemosiderosis due to intracranial hemorrhage on postnatal day 10. Thus, prenatal MRI was useful for diagnosing schizencephaly and porencephaly. Schizencephaly and porencephaly were thought to be due to fetal intracranial hemorrhage, which, in the porencephaly case, may have been related to a mutation of .
PubMed: 29434494
DOI: 10.24563/yam.2017.12.005 -
Cureus Jan 2024[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19623.].
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19623.].
PubMed: 38274581
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.r97 -
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal Jul 2012
PubMed: 22997566
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Mar 1992A previously unrecognised and distinctive pattern of severe brain injury in extreme preterm neonates was observed recently. Fifteen neonates of birth weight 600-1270 g...
A previously unrecognised and distinctive pattern of severe brain injury in extreme preterm neonates was observed recently. Fifteen neonates of birth weight 600-1270 g and gestation of 24-32 weeks showed relatively late development on cerebral ultrasound scan of extensive dense and cystic lesions involving the periphery of the brain. The extent of the changes was confirmed at postmortem examination in 11 babies. These changes have been called encephaloclastic porencephaly. The population of babies in whom this has occurred and their clinical outcome has been reviewed, with comparison between the evolution of the ultrasound changes and pathological findings at postmortem examination.
Topics: Brain; Brain Injuries; Cysts; Echoencephalography; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Necrosis
PubMed: 1575554
DOI: 10.1136/adc.67.3.307 -
Journal of Neuropathology and... Jul 1946
Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Neoplasms; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Porencephaly
PubMed: 20993397
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... 2012Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a porencephaly are presented. Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 weeks to 7 years. MRI findings were confined to the forebrain. Porencephalic lesions appeared as wedge-shaped parenchymal defects connecting the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space or as large cystic defects in the cerebral hemispheres. Although in two adult dogs the porencephalic lesions were asymptomatic, the other animals showed clinical symptoms depending on the affected cerebral area. Three animals had seizures. Interestingly, four animals showed neurological signs normally not localized to the forebrain (nystagmus, hypermetria, ataxia). Whether these clinical signs are related to impaired function of the cerebral cortex or to not recognizable lesions in the cerebello-vestibular system could not be further clarified. Although the defects develop intrauterine or postnatal, the clinical symptoms can occur later in life. The definition of porencephaly as well as its subclassification is not uniform in veterinary medicine. We suggest the term encephaloclastic porencephaly unregarding the underlying cause of the defect, which cannot be further specified by diagnostic imaging.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male
PubMed: 22734149
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01887.x