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Veterinary Microbiology Feb 2019Porphyromonas gulae, a Gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobe, is one of several major periodontal pathogens of animals. P. gulae isolates from dogs have been classified...
Porphyromonas gulae, a Gram-negative black-pigmented anaerobe, is one of several major periodontal pathogens of animals. P. gulae isolates from dogs have been classified into three genotypes based on a 41-kDa filamentous appendage (FimA) on the cell surface, which is closely related to virulence in periodontal disease. However, other specific bacterial virulence factors contributing to the aggravation of periodontal disease in cats remain elusive. In the present study, we assessed FimA diversity in P. gulae isolates from cats and examined whether this diversity influenced periodontal condition. The putative amino acid sequences of FimA from 15 P. gulae isolates from 13 cats were classified into three genotypes (types A, B, and C), which showed 95-100% identity and similarity to the fimA types in dogs. The type C isolate showed greater adhesion and invasion properties in periodontal ligament fibroblasts as well as stronger inhibition of scratch closure of the cells compared with type A and B isolates. Next, a PCR-based method for identification of fimA genotype was developed and used to analyze 99 oral swab specimens from cats. High fimA type A detection rates were observed regardless of the periodontal condition, whereas types B and C were frequently detected from subjects with moderate and severe periodontitis, respectively. These results suggest that P. gulae isolates from cats can be classified into three types based on fimA genotype, which may be closely related to virulence in periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Genotype; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas
PubMed: 30642584
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.018 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2004Three Porphyromonas species (Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, and the novel species that is the subject of the present report, P. uenonis) are very much...
Three Porphyromonas species (Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, and the novel species that is the subject of the present report, P. uenonis) are very much alike in terms of biochemical characteristics, such as enzyme profiles and cellular fatty acid contents. P. asaccharolytica is distinguished from the other two species by virtue of production of alpha-fucosidase and glyoxylic acid positivity. The novel species is difficult to differentiate from P. endodontalis phenotypically and was designated a P. endodontalis-like organism for some time. However, P. endodontalis is recovered almost exclusively from oral sources and also grows poorly on Biolog Universal Agar, both characteristics that are in contrast to those of the other two organisms. Furthermore, P. uenonis is glycerol positive in the Biolog AN Microplate system. Both P. asaccharolytica and P. uenonis are positive by 13 other tests in the Biolog system, whereas P. endodontalis is negative by all of these tests. P. asaccharolytica grew well in both solid and liquid media without supplementation with 5% horse serum, whereas the other two species grew poorly without supplementation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed about 10% divergence between the novel species and P. endodontalis but less than 2% sequence difference between the novel species and P. asaccharolytica. Subsequent DNA-DNA hybridization studies documented that the novel organism was indeed distinct from P. asaccharolytica. We propose the name Porphyromonas uenonis for the novel species. We have recovered P. uenonis from four clinical infections in adults, all likely of intestinal origin, and from the feces of six children.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Child; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Humans; Intestines; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas endodontalis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 15528728
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5298-5301.2004 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Mar 2016Exopeptidases, including dipeptidyl- and tripeptidylpeptidase, are crucial for the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontopathic asaccharolytic bacterium that...
Exopeptidases, including dipeptidyl- and tripeptidylpeptidase, are crucial for the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontopathic asaccharolytic bacterium that incorporates amino acids mainly as di- and tripeptides. In this study, we identified a novel exopeptidase, designated acylpeptidyl oligopeptidase (AOP), composed of 759 amino acid residues with active Ser(615) and encoded by PGN_1349 in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. AOP is currently listed as an unassigned S9 family peptidase or prolyl oligopeptidase. Recombinant AOP did not hydrolyze a Pro-Xaa bond. In addition, although sequence similarities to human and archaea-type acylaminoacyl peptidase sequences were observed, its enzymatic properties were apparently distinct from those, because AOP scarcely released an N-acyl-amino acid as compared with di- and tripeptides, especially with N-terminal modification. The kcat/Km value against benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Lys-Met-4-methycoumaryl-7-amide, the most potent substrate, was 123.3 ± 17.3 μm(-1) s(-1), optimal pH was 7-8.5, and the activity was decreased with increased NaCl concentrations. AOP existed predominantly in the periplasmic fraction as a monomer, whereas equilibrium between monomers and oligomers was observed with a recombinant molecule, suggesting a tendency of oligomerization mediated by the N-terminal region (Met(16)-Glu(101)). Three-dimensional modeling revealed the three domain structures (residues Met(16)-Ala(126), which has no similar homologue with known structure; residues Leu(127)-Met(495) (β-propeller domain); and residues Ala(496)-Phe(736) (α/β-hydrolase domain)) and further indicated the hydrophobic S1 site of AOP in accord with its hydrophobic P1 preference. AOP orthologues are widely distributed in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, suggesting its importance for processing of nutritional and/or bioactive oligopeptides.
Topics: Acylation; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Exopeptidases; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligopeptides; Peptide Hydrolases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization
PubMed: 26733202
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M115.687566 -
Anaerobe Dec 2016We report a first human case of Porphyromonas pogonae causing soft tissue infection in a patient with open fracture. Strong β-hemolytic, aerotolerant, and non-pigmented...
We report a first human case of Porphyromonas pogonae causing soft tissue infection in a patient with open fracture. Strong β-hemolytic, aerotolerant, and non-pigmented gram-negative coccobacilli which matched Porphyromonas pogonae by PCR for 16S rRNA genes were identified from the pus specimen. The clinical course of the patient improved with repeated surgical drainage and tigecycline administration.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Ciprofloxacin; DNA, Bacterial; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Minocycline; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rifampin; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soft Tissue Infections; Suppuration; Tigecycline
PubMed: 27510568
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.08.002 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Jan 2022Low electric current can inhibit certain microbial biofilms and enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials against them. This study investigated the electricidal and...
Low electric current can inhibit certain microbial biofilms and enhance the efficacy of antimicrobials against them. This study investigated the electricidal and bioelectric effects of direct current (DC) against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms as well as the underlying mechanisms. Here, we firstly showed that DC significantly suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis in time- and intensity-dependent manners, and markedly inhibited preformed P. gingivalis biofilms. Moreover, DC enhanced the killing efficacy of metronidazole (MTZ) and amoxicillin with clavulanate potassium (AMC) against the biofilms. Notably, DC-treated biofilms displayed upregulated intracellular ROS and expression of ROS related genes (sod, feoB, and oxyR) as well as porin gene. Interestingly, DC-induced killing of biofilms was partially reversed by ROS scavenger N-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), and the synergistic effect of DC with MTZ/AMC was weakened by small interfering RNA of porin gene (si-Porin). In conclusion, DC can exert electricidal and bioelectric effects against P. gingivalis biofilms partially via promotion of oxidative stress and antibiotic transport, which offers a promising approach for effective management of periodontitis.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Electricity; Humans; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Oxidative Stress; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34826101
DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1238-5 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Jun 2019Periodontal disease is a significant problem in companion animals such as dogs and cats. However, there is little information available about fimbriae association of...
Periodontal disease is a significant problem in companion animals such as dogs and cats. However, there is little information available about fimbriae association of periodontal disease in companion animals. In this study, we have purified and characterized a fimbriae from Porphyromonas salivosa ATCC 49407. The molecular mass of this protein was approximately 60-kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed that anti-60-kDa fimbrial serum bound to fimbria on the cell surface of P. salivosa ATCC 49407. However, fimbriae of P. gingivalis and P. gulae were not labeled with the same antibody. Immunoelectron-microscopic studies and immunoblot analysis revealed that antigenicity and molecular weight were distinct from previously reported Porphyromonas fimbrial proteins. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal 15 residues of the 60-kDa fimbrillin protein revealed only 3 of 15 residues identical to other Porphyromonas species fimbrillin proteins. Thus, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 60-kDa fimbrillin protein of P. salivosa clearly differed from previously reported fimbrillin proteins. The level of adherence of the P. salivosa was 1.81%. It was confirmed that P. salivosa can adheres to human cells. These results suggest that the 60-kDa fimbriae of P. salivosa ATCC 49407 is a new type of fimbria and may have an important factor in the adherence host cells. We suggest that the surface structure of P. salivosa may have a role in the colonization of this organism in periodontal pockets in companion animals.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Cells, Cultured; Epithelial Cells; Fimbriae Proteins; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gingiva; Humans; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microscopy, Electron; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas
PubMed: 31019151
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0067 -
Anaerobe Apr 2017We report on a 62 year old patient who developed sepsis due to an infection caused by Porphyromonas pogonae, a recently described species of the bacterial genus...
We report on a 62 year old patient who developed sepsis due to an infection caused by Porphyromonas pogonae, a recently described species of the bacterial genus Porphyromonas. This is the first case of an invasive infection with this pathogen.
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Porphyromonas; Sepsis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 28238846
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.02.016 -
Anaerobe Oct 2011A rapid PCR approach was developed to detect Porphyromonas gulae strains from subgingival samples of dogs with and with periodontitis. The presence of P. gulae was...
A rapid PCR approach was developed to detect Porphyromonas gulae strains from subgingival samples of dogs with and with periodontitis. The presence of P. gulae was observed in 92% and 56%, respectively, in dogs with and without periodontitis. The new primer pair was specific to detect this microorganism, and this technique could be used to evaluate a correlation between periodontitis and P. gulae in companion animals.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biofilms; DNA Primers; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gingiva; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21723404
DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.06.002 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Oct 2017In recent years, the study found that Porphyromonas gingivalis type Ⅸ secretion system (T9SS) is a novel protein secretion system, also known as Por secretion system...
In recent years, the study found that Porphyromonas gingivalis type Ⅸ secretion system (T9SS) is a novel protein secretion system, also known as Por secretion system (PorSS). Unlike the eight protein secretion systems found in the past, the system is a polyprotein complex found only in Bacteroides. The secreted proteins have both N- and C-terminus, where the former includes Sec-dependent type Ⅰ signals peptide, and the latter contains conserved domains (C-terminal conserved domain, CTD). Porphyromonas gingivalis T9SS includes proteins such as intima, outer membrane, cytoplasm, and cell cycle, including at least 34 proteins containing CTD. Porphyromonas gingivalis T9SS is involved in regulating associated virulence factors including gingivin, fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide, HBP35, CPG70 protein and peptidyl-arginine deiminase. These CTD-containing virulence proteins are localized by T9SS and then released to the extracellular domain, thereby destroying periodontal tissue. Therefore, this review summarizes the research progress on the T9SS of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Protein Transport; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 29188653
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.05.018 -
Environmental Microbiology Sep 2008Porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. Black, pigmented Porphyromonas... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Porphyromonas species are frequently isolated from the oral cavity and are associated with periodontal disease in both animals and humans. Black, pigmented Porphyromonas spp. isolated from the gingival margins of selected wild and captive Australian marsupials with varying degrees of periodontal disease (brushtail possums, koalas and macropods) were compared phylogenetically to Porphyromonas strains from non-marsupials (bear, wolf, coyote, cats and dogs) and Porphyromonas gingivalis strains from humans using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results of the phylogenetic analysis identified three distinct groups of strains. A monophyletic P. gingivalis group (Group 1) contained only strains isolated from humans and a Porphyromonas gulae group (Group 2) was divided into three distinct subclades, each containing both marsupial and non-marsupial strains. Group 3, which contained only marsupial strains, including all six strains isolated from captive koalas, was genetically distinct from P. gulae and may constitute a new Porphyromonas species.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Marsupialia; Molecular Sequence Data; Mouth; Periodontal Diseases; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 18564186
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01668.x