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Journal of Dental Research May 2006Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal... (Review)
Review
Emerging data on the consequences of the interactions between invasive oral bacteria and host cells have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Indeed, modulation of the mucosal epithelial barrier by pathogenic bacteria appears to be a critical step in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Periodontopathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis have developed different strategies to perturb the structural and functional integrity of the gingival epithelium. P. gingivalis adheres to, invades, and replicates within human epithelial cells. Adhesion of P. gingivalis to host cells is multimodal and involves the interaction of bacterial cell-surface adhesins with receptors expressed on the surfaces of epithelial cells. Internalization of P. gingivalis within host cells is rapid and requires both bacterial contact-dependent components and host-induced signaling pathways. P. gingivalis also subverts host responses to bacterial challenges by inactivating immune cells and molecules and by activating host processes leading to tissue destruction. The adaptive ability of these pathogens that allows them to survive within host cells and degrade periodontal tissue constituents may contribute to the initiation and progression of periodontitis. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the molecular cross-talk between P. gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells in the development of periodontitis.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Epithelial Cells; Gingiva; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Receptors, Cell Surface; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 16632751
DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500502 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Apr 2018
Topics: Biofilms; Community Participation; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Mouth; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 29461020
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12218 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Feb 2021(), a Gram-negative oral anaerobe, is considered to be a major pathogenic agent involved in the onset and progression of chronic periodontitis. must be able to... (Review)
Review
(), a Gram-negative oral anaerobe, is considered to be a major pathogenic agent involved in the onset and progression of chronic periodontitis. must be able to perceive and respond to the complicated changes in host to survive the environmental challenges, in which the two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) play critical roles by connecting input signals to cellular physiological output. Canonical TCS consists of a sensor histidine kinase and a cognate response regulator that functions via a phosphorylation cascade. In this review, the roles of TCSs in were demonstrated by illustrating the target genes and modulation modes, which may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms in future studies.
Topics: Phosphorylation; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33723942
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.013 -
Microbes and Infection 2009This review summarizes and discusses virulence mechanisms whereby Porphyromonas gingivalis can persist in the oral cavity. It is proposed that the virulence of P.... (Review)
Review
This review summarizes and discusses virulence mechanisms whereby Porphyromonas gingivalis can persist in the oral cavity. It is proposed that the virulence of P. gingivalis is dependent, at least in part, upon its ability to establish a complex host-pathogen molecular crosstalk which subverts innate immunity. The sophisticated stealth and sabotage tactics used by P. gingivalis may additionally benefit co-habiting organisms occupying the same niche.
Topics: Bacteroidaceae Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Models, Biological; Mouth; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 19348960
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.03.009 -
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi =... Mar 2019(Pg) is a kind of gram-negative obligate anaerobes. It can invade and internalize within host cells. The invasion ability of Pg is very important for the occurrence and... (Review)
Review
(Pg) is a kind of gram-negative obligate anaerobes. It can invade and internalize within host cells. The invasion ability of Pg is very important for the occurrence and development of diseases and has been a hot topic for a long time. Remaining pathogenic characteristics in cell is one of its pathogenesis. In the process of invading host, the specific bacterial adhesin combine with the ligand of host cells, which activate various signal transduction pathways and trigger bacterial internalization. Virulence factors in Pg, such as fimbriae, gingival protease, hemagglutinins and outer membrane vesicles play significant roles in the process. This review summarized the research progress of the virulence factors which relate to Pg's invasion, which provided a serious of new ideas on exploring Pg's pathogenesis and the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Gingiva; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30856700
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1002-0098.2019.03.011 -
Journal of Biological Regulators and... 2021The aim of this study was to establish the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease. An electronic search of publications was established from three... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to establish the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease. An electronic search of publications was established from three electronic databases: Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science. The search strategy used a combination of controlled vocabulary and free-text words. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined by the authors before the start of the study. The inclusion criteria were: all studies published in English language; in vitro analysis; in vivo on animals and postmortem biopsies on humans; studies analyzing the correlation between periodontal disease and Alzheimer. The search resulted in 262 titles. Only 9 articles were included in the quantitative analysis. An inflammatory status in the oral cavity might be connect to a brain degeneration syndrome such as dementia and AD. However, a strictly connection is still not evincible. More trials are recommended in order to investigate the role of periodontal bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis in AD pathogenesis and aggravation.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 34289663
DOI: 10.23812/21-3supp1-6 -
A Boolean Network Approach to Study the Mechanism Associated with Inflammatory Response Induced by .Archives of Razi Institute Feb 2023Anaerobic is a rod-shaped bacterium and is a primary agent of periodontal inflammation and thus periodontitis. This bacterium disturbs the normal flora of the oral... (Review)
Review
Anaerobic is a rod-shaped bacterium and is a primary agent of periodontal inflammation and thus periodontitis. This bacterium disturbs the normal flora of the oral cavity and causes dysbiosis. Databases including Google Scholar Scopus and PubMed were employed to find the evidence by using keywords like ',' 'Boolean network,' 'inflammatory response and ,' 'inflammation and . Only articles that reviewed the role of in oral inflammation were selected. promotes and reorganizes host immune systems against normal host flora, which causes a dysbiotic state. A reorganized immune system induces dysbiosis and periodontitis. Specifically, the role of the C5a receptor in the complement system is vital in this mechanism. can change the metabolic pathways of phagocytic cells without impeding inflammation. Toll-like receptor and complement signaling are inverted by , which aids them in overcoming immunological responses. However, they sustain the inflammation process, which promotes dysbiosis. Instead of a subjective approach, a systems perspective is required to comprehend this intricate process. A Boolean network is a system approach that seems to be a better approach to understanding this complicated interaction process of with the immune system and inflammation. In short, attempts to understand the complex process using the Boolean network will ultimately help in the early detection of periodontitis, and immediate treatment can prevent soft tissue destruction and dentition loss.
Topics: Animals; Dysbiosis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Inflammation; Hydrolases
PubMed: 37312726
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356604.1877 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Oct 2016Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are asymmetrical single bilayer membranous nanostructures produced by Gram-negative bacteria important for bacterial interaction with the... (Review)
Review
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are asymmetrical single bilayer membranous nanostructures produced by Gram-negative bacteria important for bacterial interaction with the environment. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces OMVs that act as a virulence factor secretion system contributing to its pathogenicity. Despite their biological importance, the mechanisms of OMV biogenesis have not been fully elucidated. The ~14 times more curvature of the OMV membrane than cell outer membrane (OM) indicates that OMV biogenesis requires energy expenditure for significant curvature of the OMV membrane. In P. gingivalis, we propose that this may be achieved by upregulating the production of certain inner or outer leaflet lipids, which causes localized outward curvature of the OM. This results in selection of anionic lipopolysaccharide (A-LPS) and associated C-terminal domain (CTD) -family proteins on the outer surface due to their ability to accommodate the curvature. Deacylation of A-LPS may further enable increased curvature leading to OMV formation. Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs that are selectively enriched in CTD-family proteins, largely the gingipains, can support bacterial coaggregation, promote biofilm development and act as an intercessor for the transport of non-motile bacteria by motile bacteria. The P. gingivalis OMVs are also believed to contribute to host interaction and colonization, evasion of immune defense mechanisms, and destruction of periodontal tissues. They may be crucial for both micro- and macronutrient capture, especially heme and probably other assimilable compounds for its own benefit and that of the wider biofilm community.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Biofilms; Cell Membrane; Cysteine Endopeptidases; Gingipain Cysteine Endopeptidases; Lipopolysaccharides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 26466922
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12134 -
Future Microbiology Apr 2012Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented, Gram-negative anaerobe, is an important etiologic agent of periodontal disease. The harsh inflammatory condition of the... (Review)
Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented, Gram-negative anaerobe, is an important etiologic agent of periodontal disease. The harsh inflammatory condition of the periodontal pocket implies that this organism has properties that will facilitate its ability to respond and adapt to oxidative stress. Because the stress response in the pathogen is a major determinant of its virulence, a comprehensive understanding of its oxidative stress resistance strategy is vital. We discuss multiple mechanisms and systems that clearly work in synergy to defend and protect P. gingivalis against oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The involvement of multiple hypothetical proteins and/or proteins of unknown function in this process may imply other unique mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Diseases; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 22439726
DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.17 -
Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and... May 2007Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major oral pathogen associated with periodontal disease. In this paper, we review the mechanism whereby this organism induces a proadhesive... (Review)
Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major oral pathogen associated with periodontal disease. In this paper, we review the mechanism whereby this organism induces a proadhesive signaling pathway for activation of complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18) and discuss its biological significance on the basis of published findings by our lab and other investigators. The proadhesive pathway is initiated when P. gingivalis fimbriae bind CD14 and activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated signaling leading to induction of the high-affinity conformation of CR3 in leukocytes. Although this TLR2 proadhesive signaling pathway may normally be involved in enhancing leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and transendothelial migration, intriguing evidence suggests that P. gingivalis has co-opted this pathway for enhancing the interaction of its cell surface fimbriae with CR3. Indeed, activated CR3 interacts with P. gingivalis fimbriae and induces downregulation of interleukin-12 p70, a key cytokine involved in intracellular bacterial clearance. Moreover, the interaction of activated CR3 with P. gingivalis leads to the internalization of the pathogen by macrophages. Since CR3 does not readily activate microbicidal mechanisms and constitutes a "preferred receptor" for certain intracellular pathogens, possible exploitation of CR3 by P. gingivalis for evading innate immune clearance becomes a plausible hypothesis.
Topics: Fimbriae, Bacterial; Immunity, Innate; Macrophage-1 Antigen; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 17485396
DOI: 10.2741/2409