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Molecular Oral Microbiology Feb 2021Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic pathogen found in subgingival plaque associated with progressive periodontitis. Proteins associated with the outer...
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic pathogen found in subgingival plaque associated with progressive periodontitis. Proteins associated with the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative pathogens are particularly important for understanding virulence and for developing vaccines. The aim of this study was to establish a reliable list of outer membrane associated proteins (Omps) for this organism. Starting with a list of 99 experimentally determined Omps, several bioinformatics tools were used to predict a further 52 proteins, leading to a predicted OM proteome of 151 proteins. The tools used included databases of protein families, prediction of OM β-barrels and structural homology. The list includes 33 T9SS cargo proteins, 43 lipoproteins and 66 OM β-barrel proteins with some overlap between categories. The proteins are discussed both in these structural categories as well as their various functions in OM biogenesis, nutrient acquisition, protein secretion, adhesion and efflux. Proteins that were previously shown to be part of large complexes are highlighted and cross reference is provided to a previous major study of protein localization in P. gingivalis. Finally, proteins were also scored according to their level of conservation within the Bacteroidales taxon. Low scores were shown to correlate with virulence factors and may be predictive of novel virulence factors.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacteroidetes; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Proteome; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33124778
DOI: 10.1111/omi.12320 -
Clinical Infectious Diseases : An... Sep 1997
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas
PubMed: 9310685
DOI: 10.1086/516232 -
Virulence May 2014There is evidence that advanced infectious chronic periodontal inflammatory disease may have an impact on general health including cardiovascular diseases. The aim of...
BACKGROUND
There is evidence that advanced infectious chronic periodontal inflammatory disease may have an impact on general health including cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis to colonize heart valves and, subsequently, to assess whether there is an association between the presence of the DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis in periodontal pockets and in degenerated heart valves.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients were enrolled in the study and 31 valve specimens harvested during cardiac surgery operations were examined. All patients underwent a periodontal examination. To evaluate the periodontal status of the patients the following clinical parameters were recorded: the pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP) and aproximal plaque index (API). The presence of P. gingivalis in heart valve specimens and samples from periodontal pockets was analyzed using a single-step PCR method.
RESULTS
P. gingivalis DNA was detected in periodontal pockets of 15 patients (50%). However, the DNA of this periopathogen was found neither in the aortic nor in the mitral valve specimens.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that P. gingivalis may not have an influence on the development of the degeneration of aortic and mitral valves.
Topics: Aged; Female; Heart Valves; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Pocket; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 24705065
DOI: 10.4161/viru.28657 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jan 2022Porphyromonas (P.) species (spp.) are a major etiological agent of apical periodontitis (AP), which in turn represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This...
OBJECTIVE
Porphyromonas (P.) species (spp.) are a major etiological agent of apical periodontitis (AP), which in turn represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. This study explored the associations between endodontic infection with Porphyromonas species, the systemic bacterial burden, and cardiovascular risk, based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), in young adults with AP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study. Otherwise, healthy individuals with AP and controls (n = 80, ≤ 40 years) were recruited at the University Dental Clinic. Oral parameters and classic cardiovascular risk factors were registered. Endodontic Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis were identified using conventional PCR. Serum concentrations of anti-P. endodontalis and anti-P. gingivalis antibodies, and endotoxins were determined through ELISA and Limulus-amebocyte assays. Serum hsCRP was determined for cardiovascular risk stratification.
RESULTS
Intracanal detection of P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis in AP were 33.3% and 22.9%, respectively. Serum anti-P. endodontalis and anti-P. gingivalis IgG was higher in AP than controls (p < 0.05 and p = 0.057, respectively). Intracanal P. endodontalis associated with higher endotoxemia (p < 0.05). Among endodontic factors, the presence (OR 4.2-5.5, p < 0.05) and the number of apical lesions (OR 2.3, p < 0.05) associated with moderate-severe cardiovascular risk, whereas anti-P. endodontalis IgG were protective (OR 0.3, p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
AP and infection with P. endodontalis positively associated with cardiovascular risk based on hsCRP levels and endotoxemia, respectively, whereas anti-P. endodontalis IgG response seems to be protective against low-grade systemic inflammation.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Apical periodontitis and endodontic P. endodontalis can influence the systemic burden with impact on the surrogate cardiovascular risk marker hsCRP, providing mechanistic links.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA, Bacterial; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Periapical Periodontitis; Porphyromonas; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34313848
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04083-4 -
Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and... May 2007Porphyromonas gingivalis is a predominant periodontal pathogen that expresses a number of potential virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.... (Review)
Review
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a predominant periodontal pathogen that expresses a number of potential virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Gingival epithelial cells are spontaneously exposed to bacterial attacks and function to prevent invasion by bacteria into deeper tissues. P. gingivalis fimbriae are a critical factor for mediation of interaction of the organism with host tissues, as they promote both bacterial adhesion to and invasion of targeted sites. Fimbriae are capable of binding to human salivary components, extracellular matrix proteins, and commensal bacteria, while they also strongly adhere to cellular alpha5beta1-integrin. Following adhesion to alpha5beta1-integrin, P. gingivalis is captured by cellular pseudopodia, which enables invagination through an actin-mediated pathway. The invasive event has been reported to require host cellular dynamin, actin fibers, microtubules, and lipid rafts. Following passage through the epithelial barrier, the intracellular pathogen impairs cellular function. Fimbriae are classified into 6 genotypes (types I to V and Ib) based on the diversity of the fimA genes encoding each fimbria subunit, and intracellular P. gingivalis with type II fimbriae has been found to clearly degrade integrin-related signaling molecules, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase, which disables cellular migration and proliferation. These events are considered to integrate the bacterial strategy for persistence in periodontal tissues.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Epithelium; Fimbriae Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 17485350
DOI: 10.2741/2363 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Jun 2013Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate effectively reduces the viability of biofilm-forming bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, it is impossible to completely...
Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate effectively reduces the viability of biofilm-forming bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, it is impossible to completely remove biofilms. The goal of the present study was to assess the potential pathogenicity of residual P. gingivalis biofilms in vitro after treatment with CHX gluconate. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser imaging revealed that treatment with CHX gluconate disrupted individual biofilm-forming P. gingivalis cells but did not destroy the biofilms. The volumes of the protein and carbohydrate constituents in the residual biofilms were not significantly different from those of the controls. The physical resistance of the residual biofilms to ultrasonication was significantly higher than that of controls. The volume of P. gingivalis adherent to the residual biofilms was higher than that to saliva-coated wells. These findings suggest that although CHX gluconate caused disruption of biofilm-forming cells, the constituents derived from disrupted cells were maintained in the biofilms, which sustained their external structures. Moreover, the residual biofilms could serve as a scaffold for the formation of new biofilms.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Adhesion; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Chlorhexidine; High-Energy Shock Waves; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Microbial Viability; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 23659238
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12050 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2016An obligatory anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative coccobacillus with black-pigmented colonies was isolated from the oral cavity of selected Australian marsupial species....
An obligatory anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative coccobacillus with black-pigmented colonies was isolated from the oral cavity of selected Australian marsupial species. Phenotypic and molecular criteria showed that this bacterium was a distinct species within the genus Porphyromonas, and was closely related to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas gulae. This putative novel species and P. gulae could be differentiated from P. gingivalis by catalase activity. Further characterization by multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis of glutamate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase enzyme mobility and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS showed that this putative novel species could be differentiated phenotypically from P. gingivalis and P. gulae. Definitive identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that this bacterium belonged to a unique monophyletic lineage, phylogenetically distinct from P. gingivalis (94.9 % similarity) and P. gulae (95.5 %). This also was supported by 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region and glutamate dehydrogenase gene sequencing. A new species epithet, Porphyromonas loveana sp. nov., is proposed for this bacterium, with DSM 28520T (=NCTC 13658T=UQD444T=MRK101T), isolated from a musky rat kangaroo, as the type strain.
Topics: Animals; Australia; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Marsupialia; Mouth; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; Porphyromonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 27515974
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000898 -
PLoS Pathogens Mar 2014Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola are strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. These bacteria have been co-localized in subgingival plaque and...
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola are strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. These bacteria have been co-localized in subgingival plaque and demonstrated to exhibit symbiosis in growth in vitro and synergistic virulence upon co-infection in animal models of disease. Here we show that during continuous co-culture a P. gingivalis:T. denticola cell ratio of 6∶1 was maintained with a respective increase of 54% and 30% in cell numbers when compared with mono-culture. Co-culture caused significant changes in global gene expression in both species with altered expression of 184 T. denticola and 134 P. gingivalis genes. P. gingivalis genes encoding a predicted thiamine biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated whilst genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were down-regulated. T. denticola genes encoding virulence factors including dentilisin and glycine catabolic pathways were significantly up-regulated during co-culture. Metabolic labeling using 13C-glycine showed that T. denticola rapidly metabolized this amino acid resulting in the production of acetate and lactate. P. gingivalis may be an important source of free glycine for T. denticola as mono-cultures of P. gingivalis and T. denticola were found to produce and consume free glycine, respectively; free glycine production by P. gingivalis was stimulated by T. denticola conditioned medium and glycine supplementation of T. denticola medium increased final cell density 1.7-fold. Collectively these data show P. gingivalis and T. denticola respond metabolically to the presence of each other with T. denticola displaying responses that help explain enhanced virulence of co-infections.
Topics: Coculture Techniques; Coinfection; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Symbiosis; Transcriptome; Treponema denticola
PubMed: 24603978
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003955 -
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering Dec 2020Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces several virulence agents in the outer cell membrane, including gingipains and...
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis, produces several virulence agents in the outer cell membrane, including gingipains and hemagglutinins. These virulence factors enable the bacteria to adhere to periodontal tissue and degrade host proteins to obtain the nutrients needed for dental plaque formation. P. gingivalis TDC60 was recently identified as the most aggressive P. gingivalis strain to dates. In this study, we isolated a known pregnane glycoside, argeloside I, from the aqueous extract of Solenostemma argel leaves. Argeloside I completely hindered the growth of P. gingivalis TDC60 and inhibited the production of hemagglutinins as well as Arg- and Lys-specific gingipains. Our results demonstrate a new function of pregnane glycosides. Argeloside I may be a candidate for reducing the risk associated with P. gingivalis TDC60 and its adhesion factors.
Topics: Cysteine Endopeptidases; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Virulence
PubMed: 32847740
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.016 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Oct 2020Discussion on the identification of an osteoclast precursor population, which emerges in the bone marrow after systemic infection with a periodontal pathogen.
Discussion on the identification of an osteoclast precursor population, which emerges in the bone marrow after systemic infection with a periodontal pathogen.
Topics: Osteoclasts; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33405332
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3CE0720-364R