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Primary Care Mar 2023Perinatal mood disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and suicide is a leading cause of maternal death in the first year after giving birth. The three... (Review)
Review
Perinatal mood disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide and suicide is a leading cause of maternal death in the first year after giving birth. The three categories of perinatal mood disorders are postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. Identifying risk factors may allow clinicians to provide patients with interventions to potentially prevent development of these disorders. Universal screening for perinatal mood disorders can lead to earlier identification and treatment. Collaborative care methods, incorporating the entire family into treatment, therapy service, and providing support services are recommended as first-line intervention strategies before moving on to pharmacologic management.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Mood Disorders; Affect; Risk Factors; Depression; Mass Screening
PubMed: 36822723
DOI: 10.1016/j.pop.2022.10.011 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Jun 2020
Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Early Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32470247
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2020.eng.154 -
Revista Chilena de Pediatria 2017Health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk along with the new families during their transition to parenthood. This period is challenging for both mother and... (Review)
Review
Health supervision is a privileged opportunity to walk along with the new families during their transition to parenthood. This period is challenging for both mother and father, and there is the potential danger that demand surpasses the existing resources of the family. This imbalance may lead to mothers and fathers to develop depressive symptomatology. Postpartum depression may affect one to two out of ten men, and maternal depression is a major risk factor for developing it. The postpartum depression in the father impact all the family members, being the child development, the bonding, and the child´s mental health which can be disturb at a short, medium and long term. Therefore, it seems to be relevant to think about screening for post partum depression not only in mothers but also fathers, and give a first step to broaden the gaze from the dyad to the triad. The health supervision is a unique opportunity to be able to carry out this screening; however, the validation of a postpartum screening test for Chilean fathers is a pending task.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Father-Child Relations; Fathers; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Object Attachment
PubMed: 29546941
DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062017000500002 -
Ceska Gynekologie 2018To bring actual summary of knowledge about etiology and risk factors for development of postpartum depression, and modern methods of its prevention. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To bring actual summary of knowledge about etiology and risk factors for development of postpartum depression, and modern methods of its prevention.
DESIGN
Review.
SETTING
National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany.
METHODS
Narrative review.
RESULTS
Both biological (sex and stress hormones, thyroid hormones) and psychosocial factors take part in development of postpartum depression. Positive personal medical history for psychiatric illness, low level of social support and domestic violence during pregnancy or after delivery are the major risk factors for development of postpartum depression. Active screening and following treatment based on cooperation between gynecology-obstetrics and psychiatry is the major method of postpartum depression prevention.
CONCLUSION
Currently, there is no clear biomarker of postpartum depression available. Future use of modern technologies may increase the availability of information on mental health in perinatal period, and also bring the time non-consuming method of active screening for women at risk of postpartum depression. Keywords puerperium, postpartum depression, baby blues, etiology, risk factors, prevention.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Parturition; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30848154
DOI: No ID Found -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... Apr 2022
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 35348542
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000823172.00644.44 -
CNS Spectrums Feb 2015Despite decades of research aimed at identifying the causes of postpartum depression (PPD), PPD remains common, and the causes are poorly understood. Many have... (Review)
Review
Despite decades of research aimed at identifying the causes of postpartum depression (PPD), PPD remains common, and the causes are poorly understood. Many have attributed the onset of PPD to the rapid perinatal change in reproductive hormones. Although a number of human and nonhuman animal studies support the role of reproductive hormones in PPD, several studies have failed to detect an association between hormone concentrations and PPD. The purpose of this review is to examine the hypothesis that fluctuations in reproductive hormone levels during pregnancy and the postpartum period trigger PPD in susceptible women. We discuss and integrate the literature on animal models of PPD and human studies of reproductive hormones and PPD. We also discuss alternative biological models of PPD to demonstrate the potential for multiple PPD phenotypes and to describe the complex interplay of changing reproductive hormones and alterations in thyroid function, immune function, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, lactogenic hormones, and genetic expression that may contribute to affective dysfunction. There are 3 primary lines of inquiry that have addressed the role of reproductive hormones in PPD: nonhuman animal studies, correlational studies of postpartum hormone levels and mood symptoms, and hormone manipulation studies. Reproductive hormones influence virtually every biological system implicated in PPD, and a subgroup of women seem to be particularly sensitive to the effects of perinatal changes in hormone levels. We propose that these women constitute a "hormone-sensitive" PPD phenotype, which should be studied independent of other PPD phenotypes to identify underlying pathophysiology and develop novel treatment targets.
Topics: Animals; Depression, Postpartum; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnanolone; Progesterone
PubMed: 25263255
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852914000480 -
Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) Sep 2017There is inconsistent evidence about the effect of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of depression during the postnatal period. The aim of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There is inconsistent evidence about the effect of physical activity on the prevention and treatment of depression during the postnatal period. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the effect of physical activity interventions during pregnancy and the postpartum period for controlling postpartum depressive symptoms.
METHODS
We systematically searched Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from January 1990 to May 2016, for randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials addressing the effect of physical activity on postpartum depression. The inverse variance-weighted method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for physical activity intervention on postpartum depression. Subgroup analyses were performed comparing women with and without postpartum depressive symptoms according to specific scales measuring this construct. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were computed to evaluate heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Effect size for the relationship between physical activity interventions during pregnancy and the postpartum period on postpartum depressive symptoms was 0.41 (95% CI 0.28-0.54). Heterogeneity was I = 33.1% (P = .117). When subgroup analyses were done, pooled effect sizes were 0.67 (95% CI 0.44-0.90) for mothers who met postpartum depressive symptoms criteria at baseline based on specific scales, and 0.29 (95% CI 0.14-0.45) for mothers who did not meet those depressive symptoms criteria at baseline.
CONCLUSION
Physical exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period is a safe strategy to achieve better psychological well-being and to reduce postpartum depressive symptoms.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28589648
DOI: 10.1111/birt.12294 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2019Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mood disorder estimated to affect 20%-40% of women worldwide after childbirth. In recent studies, the effect of vitamin D on...
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mood disorder estimated to affect 20%-40% of women worldwide after childbirth. In recent studies, the effect of vitamin D on prevention of mood disorders and depression has been investigated, but it is still unclear how vitamin D may affect PPD. The evidence on the relevance between vitamin D deficiency and PPD is inconsistent, and assessment of the recent literature has not previously been carried out. Moreover, there are few clinical studies on PPD and vitamin D supplementation. Five studies have so far assessed the relationship between the levels of vitamin D and PPD. Findings from cohort studies suggest that vitamin-D deficiency is related to the incidence of PPD and vitamin D may play a significant role in the recovery of women with PPD, but it is uncertain whether these actions are the effect of vitamin D on the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the levels of estradiol, serotonin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and/or of other mechanisms involved in PPD.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29393662
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1423276 -
Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology Jun 2021Perinatal depression is a common and debilitating complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Recent studies have elucidated relationships between acute birth events on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Perinatal depression is a common and debilitating complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Recent studies have elucidated relationships between acute birth events on depression risk, and novel treatments for postpartum depression have been discovered and approved. This article reviews current understandings about birth events on depression, new screening standards, and novel treatments for postpartum depression.
RECENT FINDINGS
Pain, analgesia, and depression are complex traits that are inter-related during and after pregnancy. Certain individuals may benefit more than others from addressing pain and suffering around childbirth. Exposures to general anesthesia or postdural puncture headache are associated with postpartum depression symptoms, although a causal relationship is unlikely. Brexanolone, ketamine and its related compounds, and nonpharmacologic options offer new or alternative therapies for depression, although safety information for some of these treatments in pregnancy and lactation are needed. Maternal health bundles call for close attention to perinatal mental health screening with validated instruments, and for timely treatment referrals in the 'fourth trimester'.
SUMMARY
Clinical monitoring and timely treatment of depression in the perinatal and postpartum periods is critical for maternal postpartum health and recovery. Perinatal specialists and researchers should continue to focus on tailored treatments specific to this special population.
Topics: Delivery, Obstetric; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Mass Screening; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33935170
DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000998 -
Der Nervenarzt Sep 2020Psychiatric research and care increasingly explore the connection between mental health and migration; however, it is striking that only a small number of analyses... (Review)
Review
Psychiatric research and care increasingly explore the connection between mental health and migration; however, it is striking that only a small number of analyses exist on the effect of migration on mental ailments specific to women. For example, even though postpartum depression regularly occurs among women with a migration background, in Germany and internationally there is a lack of knowledge on the epidemiology, particularly with respect to factors causing or contributing to postpartum depression among women with a migration background. Prospectively, culturally specific treatment options for women with a migration background are necessary to prevent chronification and subsequent harm to the mother and other family members. With this aim in mind, psychologists, psychiatrists and gynecologists should be aware of the specific factors contributing to the development of postpartum depression among women with a migration background. This overview article focuses on key aspects of postpartum depression, such as epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors and treatment concepts, while contextualizing them with respect to women's experience of migration.
Topics: Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Germany; Humans; Mental Health; Mothers; Postpartum Period; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31720700
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-00828-5