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Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Oct 2005In the past 20 years, there has been increasing recognition that for some women, pregnancy may be burdened with mood problems, in particular depression, that may impact... (Review)
Review
In the past 20 years, there has been increasing recognition that for some women, pregnancy may be burdened with mood problems, in particular depression, that may impact both mother and child. With identification of risk factors for postpartum depression and a growing knowledge about a biologic vulnerability for mood change following delivery, research has accumulated on attempts to prevent postpartum depression using various psychosocial, psychopharmacologic, and hormonal strategies. The majority of psychosocial and hormonal strategies have shown little effect on postpartum depression. Notwithstanding, results from preliminary trials of interpersonal therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and antidepressants indicate that these strategies may be of benefit. Information on prevention of postpartum depression using dietary supplements is sparse and the available evidence is inconclusive. Although a few studies show promising results, more rigorous trials are required. The abounding negative evidence in the literature indicates that postpartum depression cannot be easily prevented, yet.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Psychotherapy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 16302055
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462005000600005 -
Hu Li Za Zhi the Journal of Nursing Dec 2013Postpartum psychological health is an important issue in postpartum care. This article introduces postpartum depression and describes its assessment, treatment, and...
Postpartum psychological health is an important issue in postpartum care. This article introduces postpartum depression and describes its assessment, treatment, and nursing care. Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic depression that often commences 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth. Postpartum depression requires the diagnosis of at least 5 depressive symptoms that last for a period of at least 2 weeks. Postpartum depression may occur within the first-year postpartum and, if not treated in a timely and appropriate manner, may adversely affect the health of the new mother, the child, and the family. Health professionals in regular contact with women during the perinatal period are encouraged to screen at-risk patients for postpartum depression and to assist postpartum-depressed patients adhere to prescribed treatment regimens to promote the health of the new family.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy
PubMed: 24310550
DOI: 10.6224/JN.60.6.22 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... 2009Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis are serious mood disorders encountered by nurses working in a variety of settings. Postpartum depression refers to a... (Review)
Review
Postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis are serious mood disorders encountered by nurses working in a variety of settings. Postpartum depression refers to a nonpsychotic depressive episode, while postpartum psychosis refers to a manic or affective psychotic episode linked temporally with childbirth. The nursing profession plays a crucial role in the early identification and treatment of these postpartum mood disorders. This article explains the classification, clinical presentation, epidemiology, management, and long-term outcomes of postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis.
Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Maternal-Child Nursing; Nursing Assessment; Prevalence; Psychotic Disorders; Puerperal Disorders; Risk Factors
PubMed: 19538615
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2009.01019.x -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... 2015To examine the relationship between postpartum sleep disturbance and postpartum depression and describe the characteristics and demographics of the samples. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To examine the relationship between postpartum sleep disturbance and postpartum depression and describe the characteristics and demographics of the samples.
DATA SOURCES
Electronic databases Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, EPOC, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Psych INFO. In addition, hand searches of bibliographies supplemented the electronic search.
STUDY SELECTION
English language primary studies on the relationship between postpartum sleep disturbance and postpartum depression were included. Thirteen observational studies met the inclusion criteria.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data that specified the relationship between sleep disturbance and postpartum depression were extracted from the studies. The data were organized per author, year, participants, setting, country, demographics, design, sample size, outcomes, evidence, and effect size.
DATA SYNTHESIS
The effect size indicating the relationship between sleep disturbance and postpartum depression across the studies ranged between 0.4 and 1.7. There was evidence of a strong relationship between sleep disturbance and postpartum depression; however, the participants in the 13 studies were predominantly educated, middle class, older than age 30 years, and White. Likewise, the definition and measurement of postpartum sleep varied across the studies, which increased the possibility of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Further research within the postpartum period involving underserved, younger women and samples with more diversity in race and ethnicity are needed.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 25819463
DOI: 10.1111/1552-6909.12562 -
Schweizerische Medizinische... Jul 1998We investigated whether informing first-time mothers about postpartum depression affects their experience and behaviour during the depression occurring in the first two...
UNLABELLED
We investigated whether informing first-time mothers about postpartum depression affects their experience and behaviour during the depression occurring in the first two weeks after birth.
METHOD
138 first-time mothers who were participants in a longitudinal study sponsored by the Swiss National Fund were retrospectively surveyed concerning postpartum depression in the week after birth (response rate: 86.9%).
RESULTS
90% of the new mothers were affected. One fourth reported severe to very severe symptoms. The most popular sources of information about postpartum depression were books (65.8%) and magazines (59.2%). 10% of the mothers received information from their gynaecologist. 33% of the mothers with severe to very severe symptoms reported that after the birth no member of the medical or paramedical professions had discussed postpartum depression with them. Among the mothers who knew about postpartum depression, 30% did not feel adequately prepared for the degree of depression. Comparisons between informed and non-informed mothers show that the informed mothers had fewer symptoms, a shorter duration, and suffered less. In addition, the following reactions were noted: the informed mothers complained less and were less likely to believe that they were alone in their suffering. Also, they tended to have less negative thought patterns, felt less powerless, and were better able to explain their feelings and behaviour.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Information about postpartum depression, especially to ensure that new mothers "feel prepared for it", has a positive influence on experience and behaviour in the week after birth. Therefore, it is useful to inform women about postpartum depression before the birth. This could be integrated into the neonatal care programme offered by the woman's gynaecologist. At the same time, training for nursing staff concerning postpartum depression is recommended.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Patient Education as Topic; Pregnancy
PubMed: 9715499
DOI: No ID Found -
The International Journal of Social... Nov 2013Evidence suggests a much higher prevalence of postpartum depression in South Asia than in 'western' contexts. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests a much higher prevalence of postpartum depression in South Asia than in 'western' contexts.
AIM
To conduct a rapid systematic review of evidence on the association between social relationships and postpartum depression in South Asia.
METHODS
Five databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Studies meeting the selection and quality criteria were analysed and integrated in a narrative review.
RESULTS
Nine mostly quantitative studies were included in the review. Low support and poor relationships with the husband and parents-in-law were associated with postpartum depression, although associations were weakened in multivariate analyses. The different dimensions of support have not yet been systematically investigated and the likely complex interrelationships between social relationship risk factors are not yet well understood.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings mirror those from 'western' contexts, showing the key role of social relationships in the aetiology of postpartum depression. Yet, they also reinforce the hypothesis that the social and cultural context influences the association. The importance of relationships with the extended family, as well as the husband, in South Asia is highlighted. Further research is recommended to develop an understanding of these relationships to better inform interventions.
Topics: Asia; Depression, Postpartum; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Social Support
PubMed: 22851133
DOI: 10.1177/0020764012453675 -
IEEE Pulse 2020Amanda Bumgarner knows about babies. As a pediatric nurse in Richmond, VA, she's spent her working life consoling sleep-deprived parents, administering shots to...
Amanda Bumgarner knows about babies. As a pediatric nurse in Richmond, VA, she's spent her working life consoling sleep-deprived parents, administering shots to screaming infants, and tenderly attending to the needs of fragile premature babies, often in the most heartbreaking and dire circumstances. When she gave birth to a little girl of her own, she wasn't expecting any surprises but two weeks into motherhood, she knew something wasn't right. At first, it was the tears-she couldn't get through a single day without crying. Then it was the debilitating anxiety-the overwhelming panic that once overcame her when her best friend, herself a mother and infant nurse, held her baby. She recognized that her feelings were far from rational. "How do you turn those things off?" she wondered, far too often. Breastfeeding was also a problem. "My daughter wouldn't latch without just destroying me," she said. "I was feeling like a failure, because this is supposed to be the most natural thing ever."
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Neurosteroids
PubMed: 32175847
DOI: 10.1109/MPULS.2020.2972723 -
Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 2003
Review
Topics: Androgens; Depression, Postpartum; Diagnosis, Differential; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Psychotherapy; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Stress, Psychological; Thyroxine
PubMed: 12876992
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pediatrics Apr 2007
Topics: Adult; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Self-Help Groups
PubMed: 17416891
DOI: 10.1177/0009922806290724 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Aug 2023Perinatal depression (PND) is one of the most common medical conditions associated with pregnancy, with 1 in 7 women impacted by PND symptoms and 1 in 13 meeting...
Perinatal depression (PND) is one of the most common medical conditions associated with pregnancy, with 1 in 7 women impacted by PND symptoms and 1 in 13 meeting criteria for major depressive disorder. Unfortunately, half of postpartum depression (PPD) cases begin during pregnancy but are not diagnosed until postpartum. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of PND lead to poor outcomes for both mother and child. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recently updated its recommendation that screening for perinatal depression and anxiety occur at the initial prenatal visit, later in pregnancy, and at postpartum. Several hypotheses have been developed to explain the pathophysiology of PND including endocrine, epigenetic, synaptic transmission, neural network, neurosteroid, stress, and inflammatory mechanisms. Researchers believe that the answer lies in a synthesized mechanism of all of these models. Novel and emerging therapeutics are focusing on the neurosteroid mechanism within the integrated hypothesis. Neuroactive steroids are changing the understanding of the pathophysiology of depression and PPD, and novel and emerging therapeutics with new mechanisms of action based on these findings are impacting the treatment paradigm for this widespread and burdensome disorder.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Anxiety; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Neurosteroids; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 37585246
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.sagppd3003sho