-
Community Mental Health Journal Feb 2017We present an evidence-based review of post-trauma interventions used to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Literature search of PubMed from 1988 to March... (Review)
Review
We present an evidence-based review of post-trauma interventions used to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Literature search of PubMed from 1988 to March 2016 using keywords "Early Intervention AND Prevention of PTSD" yielded 142 articles, of which 52 intervention studies and 6 meta-analyses were included in our review. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and modified prolonged exposure delivered within weeks of a potentially traumatic event for people showing signs of distress have the most evidence in the treatment of acute stress and early PTSD symptoms, and the prevention of PTSD. Even though several pharmacological agents have been tried, only hydrocortisone prior to high-risk surgery, severe traumatic injury, or during acute sepsis has adequate evidence for effectiveness in the reduction of acute stress symptoms and prevention of PTSD. There is an urgent need to determine the best targets for interventions after trauma to accelerate recovery and prevent PTSD.
Topics: Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Male; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 27470261
DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-0047-x -
Annals of the New York Academy of... Jul 2006Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) belongs to the most frequent anxiety disorders. Despite a broad body of evidence concerning neurobiological correlates of this... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) belongs to the most frequent anxiety disorders. Despite a broad body of evidence concerning neurobiological correlates of this illness, the pathomechanisms of PTSD are still poorly understood. This illustrates the need to establish animal models of this disorder. Recently, PTSD model has become a somewhat fashionable term used in animal studies for almost every stress-induced behavioral alteration. Only few cases, however, reflect the human disorder closely enough to deserve this term. Systematic research requires valid animal modeling with clearly defined criteria. This article outlines and discusses criteria for prospective PTSD models, based on a theoretical framework that emphasizes the involvement of both associative and nonassociative memory processes in the development and maintenance of PTSD.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Psychological; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Memory; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 16891581
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1364.025 -
Circulation Aug 2020
Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 32833523
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045714 -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Dec 2017
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Emergency Medicine; Humans; Internship and Residency; Mindfulness; Physicians; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 28826753
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.010 -
Harvard Review of Psychiatry 1999Posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) in elderly persons impairs their ability to deal with subsequent life stress and to negotiate the developmental stages of late life... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) in elderly persons impairs their ability to deal with subsequent life stress and to negotiate the developmental stages of late life successfully. It can stem from trauma at any point in life. Symptoms may be persistent or intermittent, and the disorder may be time-limited or chronic. Increasing severity of trauma and premorbid psychiatric illness predispose to the development of PTSD, and certain personality traits and good psychosocial support protect against it. Elderly individuals do not appear more predisposed than young persons to develop PTSD, and symptoms of the disorder are similar across age groups: reexperiencing the trauma, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Dysfunctions of the adrenergic system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been implicated in the neurobiology of PTSD, although there is no current evidence that the changes seen in these systems with aging affect the development or presentation of PTSD in older individuals. Antidepressants, group therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy are presently the mainstays of treatment, although to date no systematic and controlled research has been done on the treatment of PTSD in this age group.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Personality; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 10483933
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Psychology Review Apr 2000Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in sexually abused children (SAC).... (Review)
Review
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are the most commonly diagnosed disorders in sexually abused children (SAC). There is a high degree of symptom overlap and comorbidity between these disorders, and differential diagnosis can be confusing. Current diagnostic criteria do not include PTSD as a differential diagnosis for ADHD, nor do existing assessment guidelines address these diagnostic similarities. This may have serious implications for SAC. This literature review describes the psychological impact of child sexual abuse and possible consequences for misdiagnosing ADHD in SAC. A comparison of criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for ADHD and PTSD is presented, and commonalities are discussed. On the basis of this comparison, recommendations are made for improving clinical decision-making and for facilitating differential diagnosis. Routine inquiry about traumatic experiences in children presenting with ADHD symptoms is suggested to increase accuracy in differential diagnosis.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 10779899
DOI: 10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00107-x -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Aug 2002Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder in both clinical and community populations. This article reviews current knowledge about PTSD in... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder in both clinical and community populations. This article reviews current knowledge about PTSD in order to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of reactions to traumatic life events. First, research findings are presented, followed by guidelines for the assessment of trauma and PTSD. Topics discussed include epidemiology, course, and comorbidity, as well as information processing and psychobiology. The review is limited to information about PTSD in adults, although some of the material may generalize to child and adolescent populations.
Topics: Acute Disease; Brain; Humans; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 12115712
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10064 -
CNS Spectrums Apr 2013Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most empirically supported intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and includes both specific... (Review)
Review
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is currently the most empirically supported intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and includes both specific manualized treatments (e.g., cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure) and less standardized applications. As CBT for PTSD has become increasingly popular, more advanced questions have emerged regarding its use, including how existing treatments might be enhanced. In the current review, we aimed to discover recent trends in the CBT for PTSD literature by applying rigorous search criteria to peer-reviewed articles published from 2009 to 2012. Results of the 14 studies that were identified are discussed, and future directions for research are suggested.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23374904
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852912000995 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Jul 2022The purpose of this study was to explore the core and driving symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of firefighters before and after rescue. Identifying core...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to explore the core and driving symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of firefighters before and after rescue. Identifying core symptoms of PTSD can help clinicians to understand what may be relevant targets for treatment.
METHODS
The study recruited 334 firefighters in a firefighter military school in September 2017 (T1). They were followed up 3 months later (T2), during which time they participated in real rescue activities. The network structure of DSM-5 PTSD was using regularized partial correlation models and a Bayesian approach computing directed acyclic graphs.
RESULTS
The most central symptom both in T1 and T2 was negative emotional state. Irritable or anger emerged as a key driver of other symptoms in traumatized firefighters.
CONCLUSIONS
Negative emotional state and irritable or anger might represent important symptoms within PTSD symptomatology and may offer key targets in PTSD treatment for firefighters.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; China; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Firefighters; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 34993980
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23305 -
CNS Spectrums Jan 2009This report reviews and critiques the psychotherapy literature for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and systematically presents data on sample size,... (Review)
Review
This report reviews and critiques the psychotherapy literature for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and systematically presents data on sample size, rates of completion and effect sizes. Substantial progress has been made in the use of cognitive behavioral therapies and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the resolution of PTSD. Innovations in PTSD treatments are identified. Further advances are needed in the treatment of populations with complex and chronic forms of PTSD such as those found in childhood abuse populations, refugee populations, and those experiencing chronic mental illness. The need to address comorbid emotional, social, and physical health consequences of trauma, to implement treatments in community-based settings, and to incorporate larger systems of care into study designs is noted.
Topics: Anxiety; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Desensitization, Psychologic; Eye Movements; Humans; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Therapies, Investigational
PubMed: 19169192
DOI: No ID Found