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Journal of Neurophysiology Mar 2021Four recent articles were examined for their use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on participants with posttraumatic symptoms. Theory-driven... (Review)
Review
Four recent articles were examined for their use of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on participants with posttraumatic symptoms. Theory-driven computations were complemented by the novel use of network metrics, which revealed reduced global centrality and higher efficiency within the default mode network for participants with posttraumatic symptoms. Data-driven methods from other studies revealed associations between functional networks and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and clusters of functional activation corresponding to different PTSD presentations.
Topics: Connectome; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Neurological; Neural Networks, Computer; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33566738
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00705.2020 -
Biological Psychiatry May 2018Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathologic response to trauma that impacts ∼8% of the population and is highly comorbid with other disorders, such as... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pathologic response to trauma that impacts ∼8% of the population and is highly comorbid with other disorders, such as traumatic brain injury. PTSD affects multiple biological systems throughout the body, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortical function, and the immune system, and while the study of the biological underpinnings of PTSD and related disorders are numerous, the roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are just emerging. Moreover, deep sequencing has revealed that ncRNAs represent most of the transcribed mammalian genome. Here, we present developing evidence that ncRNAs are involved in critical aspects of PTSD pathophysiology. In that regard, we summarize the roles of three classes of ncRNAs in PTSD and related disorders: microRNAs, long-noncoding RNAs, and retrotransposons. This review evaluates findings from both animal and human studies with a special focus on the role of ncRNAs in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities and glucocorticoid dysfunction in PTSD and traumatic brain injury. We conclude that ncRNAs may prove to be useful biomarkers to facilitate personalized medicines for trauma-related brain disorders.
Topics: Glucocorticoids; Humans; Precision Medicine; RNA, Untranslated; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 29559087
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.009 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Dec 2011
Topics: Combat Disorders; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Warfare
PubMed: 22134445
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182392729 -
Der Unfallchirurg Jan 2021Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by the symptom levels intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal as a reaction to an exceptionally threatening event. It is... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by the symptom levels intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal as a reaction to an exceptionally threatening event. It is a well-investigated and well-treatable mental condition; however, the frequently accompanying disturbances in sleep, cognition, affect and especially avoidance behavior represent substantial hurdles in the trauma surgery treatment as well in occupational reintegration. Basic knowledge about risk factors and the clinical phenomenology also enable early identification by the primary trauma surgeon or the accident insurance consultant (D-physician) and if necessary to initiate a qualified psychotraumatologically founded treatment.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33300092
DOI: 10.1007/s00113-020-00930-3 -
Acta Anaesthesiologica Belgica 1987Posttraumatic stress disorder is an affective disorder resulting from external stress that is beyond what is usual and tolerable for most people. Symptomatology includes... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder is an affective disorder resulting from external stress that is beyond what is usual and tolerable for most people. Symptomatology includes particularly intrusive thoughts or dreams and a conscious avoidance of feelings, ideas, or situations related to stressful event. Some psychological reactions seen in the intensive care units can meet the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress.
Topics: Critical Care; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 3327344
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy Jul 2022Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) nearly 25% of the time, and rates of co-occurring OCD within PTSD populations are... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-occurs with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) nearly 25% of the time, and rates of co-occurring OCD within PTSD populations are even higher. Several studies examining the impact of co-occurring OCD and PTSD with suggest attenuated treatment response, yet findings regarding symptom presentation in this population are mixed. Given phenotypic, functional, and sometimes etiological overlap in OCD and PTSD, differential diagnosis and specialized treatment can be a complex yet important undertaking. This paper reviews the current literature on co-occurring OCD and PTSD; describes the theoretical conceptualization for the intersection of OCD and PTSD; offers recommendations for differential assessment and cognitive behavioral treatment; and provides directions for future research on co-occurring OCD and PTSD.
Topics: Cognition; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Concept Formation; Humans; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 35882536
DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2021-0007 -
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a... May 2012To evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder in children who have been admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and their families. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate posttraumatic stress disorder in children who have been admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and their families.
DATA SOURCES
Studies were identified through PubMed, MEDLINE, and Ovid.
STUDY SELECTION
All descriptive, observational, and controlled studies with a focus on posttraumatic stress disorder and the pediatric intensive care unit were included.
DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS
Posttraumatic stress disorder rates in children following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit were between 5% and 28%, while rates of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were significantly higher, 35% to 62%. There have been inconsistencies noted across risk factors. Objective and subjective measurements of disease severity were intermittently positively associated with development of posttraumatic stress disorder. There was a positive relationship identified between the child's symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and their parents' symptoms.The biological mechanisms associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit have yet to be explored. Studies in children following burn or other unintentional injury demonstrate potential relationships between adrenergic hormone levels and a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Likewise genetic studies suggest the importance of the adrenergic system in this pathway.The rates of posttraumatic stress disorder in parents following their child's admission to the pediatric intensive care unit ranged between 10.5% and 21%, with symptom rates approaching 84%. It has been suggested that mothers are at increased risk for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder compared to fathers. Objective and subjective measures of disease severity yielded mixed findings with regard to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Protective parental factors may include education or the opportunity to discuss the parents' feelings during the admission.
CONCLUSIONS
Following admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, both children and their parents have high rates of trauma exposure, both personally and secondary exposure via other children and their families, and subsequently are reporting significant rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. To effectively treat our patients, we must recognize the signs of posttraumatic stress disorder and strive to mitigate the negative effects.
Topics: Child; Humans; Incidence; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Parents; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 21499173
DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3182196a8f -
Journal of Burn Care & Research :... Jan 2023Individuals who experience burns are at higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain. A synergistic relationship exists between posttraumatic...
Individuals who experience burns are at higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain. A synergistic relationship exists between posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain. We sought to evaluate the role of individual posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters as predictors of pain interference. We hypothesized that the hyperarousal and emotional numbing symptom clusters would be predictive of pain interference, even when accounting for the other two posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, pain intensity, and other covariates. Multivariate linear regression analyses were completed using data from the Burn Model System National Database. A total of 439 adult participants had complete responses on self-report measures assessing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, pain intensity, and pain interference at 6-month after discharge and were included in analyses. Results indicate hyperarousal (B = .10, p = .03) and emotional numbing (B = .13, p = .01) posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters were each significantly associated with pain interference, even when accounting for pain intensity (B = .64, p < .001). Results highlight the importance of the emotional numbing and hyperarousal posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in explaining pain interference. Findings suggest that when posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms or chronic pain are present, screening for and treating either condition may be warranted to reduce pain interference. Further, psychological interventions that target emotional numbing and hyperarousal posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms may be fruitful for promoting better coping with chronic pain and reducing pain interference.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Chronic Pain; Syndrome; Burns; Survivors
PubMed: 35866527
DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac088 -
Critical Care Clinics Oct 2008Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition that can occur after a traumatic event. Individuals exposed to traumatic events are at risk for... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric condition that can occur after a traumatic event. Individuals exposed to traumatic events are at risk for PTSD and other psychologic morbidity, such as depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance abuse. The burden of PTSD can be high, with inability to work or return to prior levels of functioning. Emerging literature suggests a significantly increased risk for symptoms of PTSD among survivors of critical illness and the families of patients who survive or die after critical illness. This review summarizes these studies and provides suggestions for current clinical implications and for future research.
Topics: Critical Illness; Family; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; United States
PubMed: 18929945
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2008.06.002 -
CNS Spectrums Jan 2009We reviewed epidemiological findings for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its core diagnostic features, focusing on whether epidemiology has... (Review)
Review
We reviewed epidemiological findings for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its core diagnostic features, focusing on whether epidemiology has been helpful in clarifying some of the critical diagnostic issues relevant to the revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases. Though epidemiology has provided increasingly rich data and knowledge regarding prevalence and incidence, patterns of onset and course, comorbidity, and risk factors for traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress, little systematic research has been performed specifically addressing such critical diagnostic issues. Particularly, unresolved concerns remain regarding the definition of trauma, duration and impairment/distress criteria, the distinctiveness of the PTSD-syndrome, and even the position of PTSD in the classification system of mental disorders. A further exploitation of the existing data, and an improvement of existing epidemiological methods, strategies, and assessments are likely to substantially contribute to the clarification of unresolved diagnostic issues.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 19169189
DOI: No ID Found