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The Journal of Trauma Jul 2010In 1980, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) officially became classified as an anxiety disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd... (Review)
Review
In 1980, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) officially became classified as an anxiety disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition. Since then, there has been increasing recognition that PTSD is a prevalent disorder that may have significant impact on the quality of life for survivors of traumatic events. More recently, methodologically sound research has begun to provide important insight into this disorder. The following review serves to provide the trauma surgeons information on PTSD in terms of its diagnosis, prevalence, risk factors, treatment strategies, and outcomes, with the goal of minimizing the sequelae of PTSD and maximizing postinjury quality of life.
Topics: Age Factors; Behavior Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Social Support; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Traumatology; Treatment Outcome; Workforce; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 20622595
DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e16e2a -
Harefuah Nov 2007The characteristic symptoms resulting from exposure to an extreme trauma include three clusters of symptoms: persistent experience of the traumatic event, persistent... (Review)
Review
The characteristic symptoms resulting from exposure to an extreme trauma include three clusters of symptoms: persistent experience of the traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and persistent symptoms of increased arousal. Beyond the accepted clusters of symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder exists a formation of symptoms related to exposure to extreme or prolonged stress e.g. childhood abuse, physical violence, rape, and confinement within a concentration camp. With accumulated evidence of the existence of these symptoms began a trail to classify a more complex syndrome, which included, but was not confined to the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. This review addresses several subjects for study in complex posttraumatic stress disorder, which is a complicated and controversial topic. Firstly, the concept of complex posttraumatic stress disorder is presented. Secondly, the professional literature relevant to this disturbance is reviewed and finally, the authors present the polemic being conducted between the researchers of posttraumatic disturbances regarding validity, reliability and the need for separate diagnosis for these symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child Abuse; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 18087837
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 2013Children are exposed to a variety of traumatic experiences, and each child is unique in his or her response to that trauma. The most common psychiatric disorder that...
Children are exposed to a variety of traumatic experiences, and each child is unique in his or her response to that trauma. The most common psychiatric disorder that develops after exposure to trauma is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article will help pediatric nurse practitioners understand PTSD in terms of diagnosis, epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidity, and treatment. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria will be discussed, along with modifications to consider when evaluating very young children for PTSD. Implications for practice will be discussed along with suggested questions to ask parents and children to assess for exposure to trauma.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Comorbidity; Humans; Pediatric Nurse Practitioners; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 23022062
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2012.07.020 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Feb 2012Suicidal behavior is a critical problem in war veterans. Combat veterans are not only more likely to have suicidal ideation, often associated with posttraumatic stress... (Review)
Review
Suicidal behavior is a critical problem in war veterans. Combat veterans are not only more likely to have suicidal ideation, often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, but they are more likely to act on a suicidal plan. Especially since veterans may be less likely to seek help from a mental health professional, non-mental-health physicians are in a key position to screen for PTSD, depression, and suicidal ideation in these patients. The authors discuss the association of PTSD, depression, and suicide in veterans, keys to assessment of suicide risk, and interventions.
Topics: Depression; Humans; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Suicidal Ideation; Veterans Health; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 22301558
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.79a.11069 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Jan 2018
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 29271825
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000773 -
Posttraumatic stress disorder: neurocircuitry and implications for potential deep brain stimulation.Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 2013Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and highly disabling psychiatric disorder that is notoriously difficult to treat. At some point in their lifetimes,... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent and highly disabling psychiatric disorder that is notoriously difficult to treat. At some point in their lifetimes, 5-8% of men, 10-14% of women, and up to a quarter of combat veterans carry this diagnosis. Despite pharmacological and behavioral therapies, up to 30% of patients are still symptomatic 10 years after initial diagnosis. Recent advances in imaging have implicated changes in the limbic and autonomic corticostriatopallidothalamocortical (CSPTC) circuitry in the pathogenesis of this disease. Deep brain stimulation modulates CSPTC circuits in movement and other neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the salient clinical features and neurocircuitry of PTSD and propose a neuromodulation strategy for the disorder.
Topics: Brain; Deep Brain Stimulation; Humans; Nerve Net; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 23548850
DOI: 10.1159/000343148 -
Advance For Nurse Practitioners Nov 2002
Review
Topics: Algorithms; Decision Trees; Humans; Mass Screening; Medical History Taking; Nurse Practitioners; Predictive Value of Tests; Primary Health Care; Psychotherapy; Recovery of Function; Risk Factors; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 12478952
DOI: No ID Found -
CNS Spectrums Feb 2006Can a medical illness or its treatment qualify as an emotionally traumatic event and can it cause posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms? If so, can the view of a... (Review)
Review
Can a medical illness or its treatment qualify as an emotionally traumatic event and can it cause posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms? If so, can the view of a medical illness as a traumatic experience enhance our ability to understand patients' adjustment to illness and their emotional reactions to it? Is it important to identify posttraumatic symptoms and try to address them in medically ill patients? These questions form the backbone for this review. Because many questions remain unanswered (or the answers are not definitive yet), we concisely summarize the issues and present our own view of the most pressing questions for further research.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Status; Humans; Male; Mental Health Services; Social Support; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 16520688
DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900010646 -
American Family Physician Dec 2013Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in an estimated 8% of men and 20% of women who are exposed to traumatic events. PTSD is a trauma- and stress-related disorder... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs in an estimated 8% of men and 20% of women who are exposed to traumatic events. PTSD is a trauma- and stress-related disorder associated with significant psychosocial morbidity, substance abuse, and other negative physical health outcomes. The hallmarks of PTSD include exposure to a traumatic event; reexperiencing the event or intrusion symptoms; avoidance of people, places, or things that serve as a reminder of the trauma; negative mood and thoughts associated with the trauma; and chronic hyperarousal symptoms. Self-report questionnaires can assist clinicians in identifying anxiety problems associated with traumatic events. For patients who meet criteria for PTSD, trauma-focused psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy improve symptoms. Benzodiazepines and atypical antipsychotics are not recommended because studies have shown that adverse effects outweigh potential health benefits. Primary care physicians should monitor patients with PTSD for comorbid conditions such as substance abuse, mood disorders, and suicidality, and should refer patients to behavioral health specialists and support groups when appropriate.
Topics: Algorithms; Combined Modality Therapy; Decision Support Techniques; Humans; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
PubMed: 24364547
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pediatrics Jun 2015
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Pediatrics; Physician's Role; Prevalence; Risk Management; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 24990362
DOI: 10.1177/0009922814540793