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New Directions For Mental Health... 1994Symptom manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are explained in light of current research findings. Assessment methods for evaluating PTSD and trauma... (Review)
Review
Symptom manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are explained in light of current research findings. Assessment methods for evaluating PTSD and trauma exposure are presented and implications for treatment are discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Combat Disorders; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Male; Personality Assessment; Personality Development; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Violence
PubMed: 7870015
DOI: 10.1002/yd.23319946406 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2024The article describes the main diagnostic criteria and principles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic with the consideration of risk factors and specific... (Review)
Review
The article describes the main diagnostic criteria and principles of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic with the consideration of risk factors and specific clinical features. The main biomarkers search trends and existing limitations are considered. The role of the psychophysiological arousal symptoms claster is highlighted in the clinical picture of PTSD as well as in connection with the main cluster of re-experiencing symptoms activation and slowing of sanogenesis process. The necessity of PTSD detection in somatic medicine is thoroughly described. The article presents therapeutic algorithms of the latest international and Russian PTSD treatment clinical guidelines based on the individual combination of psychotherapy and psychopharmacotherapy treatment choice. Additionally the accumulated during the last decades national clinical experience of the anxiety disorders treatment, including the symptoms of psychophysiological arousal is highlighted that determined the list of the recommended drugs indicating the evidence level, in the PTSD treatment standards and guidelines. The treatment choices possibilities with the consideration of different PTSD symptoms cluster expression and comorbid states and individual case distress level specific are presented. Main evidence based psychotherapeutic methods are described.
Topics: Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Psychotherapy; Arousal; Russia
PubMed: 38884431
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412405158 -
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Jun 2003In view of the relatively understudied status of work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study retrospectively examined 44 workers whose claims were... (Review)
Review
In view of the relatively understudied status of work-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study retrospectively examined 44 workers whose claims were accepted for workers' compensation benefits in the absence of significant coexisting physical injuries. The majority of workers (82%) directly experienced the traumatic event while the rest witnessed the event. Over half (54%) of those directly experiencing the event were involved in armed robberies, whereas 38% were physically or verbally assaulted in nonrobbery situations. Almost half of the workers were assigned a coexisting mood or anxiety diagnosis. Psychoactive medication was prescribed to 66% of workers, and 93% of all workers received some form of psychological/psychiatric treatment. Twenty-three percent of the group received vocational rehabilitation assistance and only 43% returned to their previous job with the accident employer. Findings suggest that work-related PTSD is both complex and disabling and merits further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Psychotherapy; Retrospective Studies; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Violence; Workers' Compensation; Workplace; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 12708101
DOI: 10.1023/a:1022563930482 -
Handbook of Clinical Neurology 2012
Review
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 22608629
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52002-9.00018-8 -
Neuropharmacology Feb 2012
Topics: Humans; Research; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 21875608
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.08.021 -
Southern Medical Journal May 1990The police officer is exposed to stress outside the range of usual human experience, which often leads to his demoralization and brutalization, and predisposes him to a... (Review)
Review
The police officer is exposed to stress outside the range of usual human experience, which often leads to his demoralization and brutalization, and predisposes him to a posttraumatic stress disorder similar to that found in the Vietnam veteran. With posttraumatic stress disorder comes functional deterioration that can lead to significant psychologic and health problems, not only for the police officer, but also for his family. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the police officer has counterparts in other stressful occupations. Current treatment methods are outlined.
Topics: Humans; Occupational Diseases; Social Control, Formal; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 2188368
DOI: 10.1097/00007611-199005000-00014 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Oct 2009An update on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and community violence for nurse practitioners (NPs) and other healthcare providers is required. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
An update on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and community violence for nurse practitioners (NPs) and other healthcare providers is required.
DATA SOURCES
A review of current literature on PTSD related to community violence is presented as well as an overview of PTSD disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
Violence takes place in our communities and in our larger social world every day. In the face of increasing disasters and violent events, there is growing concern over the overall impact of violence on mental health. PTSD, a type of anxiety disorder, may develop as a result of exposure to these events.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
NPs have an important role to play in recognizing and treating PTSD symptoms in persons following exposure to a severe psychological trauma.
Topics: Humans; Nurse Practitioners; Prevalence; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; United States; Violence
PubMed: 19796287
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00442.x -
The Australian and New Zealand Journal... Sep 1995Three sets of clinical boundaries exist for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as for all concepts of psychiatric disorder. The first involves the border with normal... (Review)
Review
Three sets of clinical boundaries exist for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as for all concepts of psychiatric disorder. The first involves the border with normal psychology in general, and with the normal psychology of stress response in particular. This boundary can be surveyed from a number of vantage points and the maps which result will not necessarily correspond. The second boundary issue involves internal boundaries between psychiatric disorders, specifically between PTSD and other concepts of disorder. The high level of comorbidity documented in PTSD has ensured that this aspect of boundary setting is particularly contentious. The third set of boundaries is concerned with subtyping within the global construct of PTSD. The validity and extent of subtyping would be based on the degree to which phenomenological differences exist in relation to PTSD syndromes occurring in the wake of certain types of traumatic events. Such clinical subtyping might however need to be buttressed by external validity indicators such as differential treatment responses or outcome. A final boundary issue of major significance to therapists involves the need to place oneself unambiguously on the side of the trauma survivor in the struggle to resolve the traumatic experiences. The pivotal position of PTSD in the psychopathological arena is discussed.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Humans; Physician-Patient Relations; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychoanalytic Theory; Psychotherapy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Torture
PubMed: 8573040
DOI: 10.3109/00048679509064945 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2001Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychopathologic condition that represents a significant challenge to the psychiatric profession. This distressing... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex psychopathologic condition that represents a significant challenge to the psychiatric profession. This distressing disorder has been found to affect both adults and children, although the pattern of symptoms in children can differ from that commonly seen in adults. This article presents an overview of the prevalence and incidence of PTSD and discusses factors that may be influential in the development of this disorder following exposure to traumatic events. In addition. the clinical presentation of PTSD in children is reviewed and treatment options for affected children are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Behavior Therapy; Child; Child, Preschool; Crisis Intervention; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Life Change Events; Personality Inventory; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 11495092
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Psychiatry Sep 1996Posttraumatic stress disorder is a disorder with an identifiable etiological factor (exposure to a traumatic event) and with a complex symptomatology (i.e. intrusive... (Review)
Review
Posttraumatic stress disorder is a disorder with an identifiable etiological factor (exposure to a traumatic event) and with a complex symptomatology (i.e. intrusive memories, avoidance, hyperarousal) that suggests dysfunction in multiple psychobiological systems. This review considers studies of the neurobiological consequences of acute and chronic stress showing that traumatic experiences can produce long-lasting alterations in multiple neurochemical systems. The role of the locus coeruleus noradrenergic system, prefrontal cortex dopaminergic system, endogenous opiates, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and cortico-releasing factors are reviewed. Several models of PTSD are highlighted, including fear conditioning, kindling, and sensitization. In particular, fear conditioning to explicit and contextual cues is proposed as a model for intrusive memories reactivated by trauma-related stimuli and hyperarousal, respectively. It is argued that the amygdala plays a crucial role in the encoding and retrieval of fear memories activated by specific stimuli that have been associated with aversive events. Association involving more complex environmental stimuli and aversive events may require the involvement of the hippocampus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Repeated activation of conditioned fear memories may produce a kindling-like process which results in spontaneous intrusive memories.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 9118351
DOI: No ID Found