-
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Mar 2021The monitoring and controlling of pH is important when preparing solutions for ophthalmic administration. In the case of povidone-iodine, dilution in an appropriate...
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The monitoring and controlling of pH is important when preparing solutions for ophthalmic administration. In the case of povidone-iodine, dilution in an appropriate buffer is needed to improve its ophthalmic safety.
BACKGROUND
Povidone-iodine is a broad-spectrum antiseptic agent that is commonly used in ophthalmic applications due to its cost-effectiveness and accessibility. However, native povidone-iodine has a pH of about 4.0 and is known to irritate the ocular surface. This study assessed whether adjusting povidone-iodine formulation pH would influence its ophthalmic safety, alongside its impact on antibacterial efficacy and storage stability.
METHODS
One per cent w/v povidone-iodine was diluted in normal saline, or 0.1-mol/l citrate or phosphate buffers to yield solutions with a pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. Ocular irritancy was evaluated using the bovine cornea opacity and permeability assay. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed by evaluating povidone-iodine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration at varied pH. Storage stability of the preparations was determined over 30-days at room temperature (20-25°C).
RESULTS
Combining povidone-iodine with phosphate buffer notably decreased ocular irritancy of the antiseptic. Surprisingly, combining povidone-iodine with citrate buffer potentiated irritant effects of the preparation. Antibacterial efficacy of povidone-iodine was reduced when formulation pH was increased from 4.0 to 7.0, although its general activity was retained. Finally, povidone-iodine remained stable in both normal saline and phosphate buffer over 30-days.
CONCLUSION
Ophthalmic application of povidone-iodine can be optimised by adjusting the pH of the formulation to 7.0 using phosphate buffer, reducing irritancy while maintaining adequate antibacterial efficacy and storage stability.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Cattle; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ophthalmic Solutions; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 32495387
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13100 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Dec 2021Candida auris is an emerging yeast pathogen with worldwide distribution and a great propensity for nosocomial spread. Recent reports have warned of the significant...
Candida auris is an emerging yeast pathogen with worldwide distribution and a great propensity for nosocomial spread. Recent reports have warned of the significant emergence of C. auris in several healthcare facilities. In order to stop its nosocomial transmission, use of antiseptics constitutes the first-line lever of action in the fighting against C. auris skin colonization. However, little is known about the efficacy of these products, and moreover no antiseptics are currently registered for use against C. auris. This study investigated the in vitro yeasticidal activity of povidone-iodine against C. auris, and compared the findings to C. albicans and C. glabrata, according to the EN standard 1275:2005. Results support the use of such commercial antiseptics in the context of colonization with this yeast.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Candida; Candida albicans; Candida auris; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 34271481
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101173 -
Injury Sep 1980A total of 628 patients requiring sutures for minor wounds in an accident and emergency unit was included in a controlled trial using povidone iodine dry powder spray... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
A total of 628 patients requiring sutures for minor wounds in an accident and emergency unit was included in a controlled trial using povidone iodine dry powder spray (Disadine DP) as prophylaxis against wound infection. In patients with injuries of the forearm and hand there was a statistically significant reduction in infection rate (P less than 0.02). Povidone iodine spray was found to be an effective, simple to use, not toxic, antiseptic prophylactic agent.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Powders; Wound Infection
PubMed: 7009430
DOI: 10.1016/0020-1383(80)90132-1 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Feb 2019A potentiometric method is presented that allows to characterize aqueous iodine-based disinfecting solutions and preparations, respectively. By means of three electrodes... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A potentiometric method is presented that allows to characterize aqueous iodine-based disinfecting solutions and preparations, respectively. By means of three electrodes (iodide-sensitive, platinum redox, and reference electrode), the concentrations of free iodine, iodide, and triiodide were determined. The apposition "free" means iodine not complexed with ligands originating from the organic matrix of the iodophoric iodine source (e.g. povidone iodine). Based on the gained values ([I], [I], and[I]), it is possible to assess features concerning kinetics of disinfection, disinfecting capacity, and tolerability. The method distinguishes by simplicity and modest time expenditure of 10-15 min for a complete investigation comprising two potentiometric measurements.
Topics: Disinfectants; Electrodes; Iodine; Oxidation-Reduction; Potentiometry; Povidone-Iodine; Time Factors
PubMed: 30513509
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.054 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2017CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees (dog 1) and a 2-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog (dog 2) were evaluated because of gross hematuria...
CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees (dog 1) and a 2-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog (dog 2) were evaluated because of gross hematuria of 5 and 2 months' duration, respectively. CLINICAL FINDINGS In both dogs, coagulation times were within reference limits, results of aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples were negative, echogenic debris could be seen within the urinary bladder ultrasonographically, and hematuric urine could be seen exiting the right ureterovesicular junction, with grossly normal urine exiting the left ureterovesicular junction, during cystoscopy. A diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was made in both dogs. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Both dogs underwent retrograde ureteropyelography, unilateral povidone iodine sclerotherapy, and ureteral stent placement. The right ureter was occluded with a ureteropelvic junction balloon catheter, and a 5% povidone iodine solution was infused into the renal pelvis 3 times. A double-pigtail ureteral stent was then placed. Both dogs recovered without complications, with cessation of gross hematuria within 12 hours. Cystoscopic removal of the ureteral stent was performed in dog 1 after 4 months; at that time, the urine sediment contained 5 to 10 RBCs/hpf. In dog 2, urine sediment contained 50 to 75 RBCs/hpf 2 weeks after sclerotherapy, with continued resolution of gross hematuria 8 weeks after sclerotherapy. The owners declined removal of the stent in dog 2. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that povidone iodine sclerotherapy may be an effective renal-sparing treatment for idiopathic renal hematuria in dogs. Further evaluation with longer follow-up times is warranted.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Hematuria; Kidney Diseases; Povidone-Iodine; Sclerotherapy
PubMed: 28058949
DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.2.205 -
Oral Diseases Jul 2021
Topics: Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 32750178
DOI: 10.1111/odi.13589 -
American Journal of Surgery Dec 1957
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Halogens; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 13478818
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(57)90086-7 -
Urology Dec 2004To evaluate the effectiveness of combination (povidone iodine and 50% dextrose) renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy (RPIS) as a minimally invasive therapy for...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of combination (povidone iodine and 50% dextrose) renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy (RPIS) as a minimally invasive therapy for chyluria resistant to conservative treatment.
METHODS
A total of 50 patients with chyluria and hematochyluria (28 men and 22 women) were included in the study. Initially, all were offered conservative antifilarial drug therapy and dietary fat restriction. Intravenous urography was done in all cases to document normal renal functional status. In the patients in whom chyluria persisted after 3 weeks of conservative therapy, cystoscopic lateralization was done and a 5F open-ended ureteral catheter was positioned under local anesthesia. The same was left attached to a 16F Foley catheter for 3 days of RPIS. A solution of 5 mL of 5% povidone iodine and 5 mL of 50% dextrose was instilled twice a day with the patient in the Trendelenburg position for 3 days. In cases of bilateral efflux, the dominant side was treated first. The opposite side was subjected to a similar instillation sclerotherapy schedule after 6 weeks if chyluria persisted.
RESULTS
Of the 50 patients, only 4 responded to conservative therapy. The remaining 46 patients underwent combination RPIS. The mean follow-up was 24 months. Complete remission of chyluria or hematochyluria occurred in 40 (87%) and persisted in 6 patients (13%). Of the 6 patients in whom symptoms persisted, 2 developed chyluria on the side opposite the one treated with RPIS. Another 2 patients developed recurrence on the same side after remaining asymptomatic for 6 months after RPIS. All four of these patients subsequently underwent chylolymphatic disconnection and nephropexy (two open and two laparoscopic) with a successful outcome. The final 2 patients with persistent symptoms were lost to follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Combination sclerotherapy using a 5% povidone iodine and 50% dextrose solution is a safe and cost-effective minimally invasive therapy for chyluria refractory to conservative treatment.
Topics: Adult; Chyle; Female; Glucose; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Povidone-Iodine; Sclerosing Solutions; Sclerotherapy; Urinary Catheterization; Urine
PubMed: 15596179
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.07.035 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Jul 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Nasopharynx; Povidone-Iodine; SARS-CoV-2; Viral Load
PubMed: 33914069
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.0683 -
Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics Feb 1993The predominance of elemental iodine as a chemical antiseptic has been established during a century. Free iodine is effective for treatment and prevention of infection....
The predominance of elemental iodine as a chemical antiseptic has been established during a century. Free iodine is effective for treatment and prevention of infection. Iodophors, such as povidone-iodine, have replaced elemental iodine in clinical use. Toxic absorption of povidone-iodine occurs from all tissues except intact adult skin, to which its use should be restricted. Povidone-iodine binds iodine so firmly that insufficient free iodine is released to be effective for treating or preventing infection. It is a weak antiseptic that is marginally acceptable as a disinfectant for adult skin. The shortcomings of povidone-iodine stimulated a search for iodophors that would liberate therapeutically effective concentrations of free iodine. These investigations led to a new self-sterilizing plastic formed by the complexing of polyurethane and iodine.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; History, 20th Century; Plastics; Povidone-Iodine; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 8421809
DOI: No ID Found