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Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin Sep 2023Personal protective equipment (PPE), including medical masks, should be worn for preventing the transmission of respiratory pathogens via infective droplets and...
Personal protective equipment (PPE), including medical masks, should be worn for preventing the transmission of respiratory pathogens via infective droplets and aerosols. In medical masks, the key layer is the filter layer, and the melt-blown nonwoven fabric (NWF) is the most used fabric. However, the NWF filter layer cannot kill or inactivate the pathogens spread via droplets and aerosols. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has been used as an antiseptic solution given its potent broad-spectrum activity against pathogens. To develop PPE (e.g., medical masks) with anti-pathogenic activity, we integrated PVP-I into nylon-66 NWF. We then evaluated its antiviral activity against influenza A viruses by examining the viability of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells after inoculation with the virus strains exposed to the PVP-I-integrated nylon-66 NWF. The PVP-I nylon-66 NWF protected the MDCK cells from viral infection in a PVP-I concentration-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found to integrate PVP-I into nylon-66 and polyurethane materials among various materials. These PVP-I materials were also effective against influenza virus infection, and treatment with PVP-I nylon-66 NWF showed the highest cell survival among all the tested materials. PVP-I showed anti-influenza A virus activity when used in conjunction with PPE materials. Moreover, nylon-66 NWF integrated with PVP-I was found to be the best material to ensure anti-influenza activity. Therefore, PVP-I-integrated masks could have the potential to inhibit respiratory virus infection. Our results provide new information for developing multi-functional PPEs with anti-viral activity by integrating them with PVP-I to prevent the potential transmission of respiratory viruses.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Nylons; Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets; Influenza, Human; Orthomyxoviridae
PubMed: 37357386
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00161 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2017Antiseptics, with a broader spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy, lower risk of antibiotic resistance development, and minimal collateral damage to host tissues, are... (Review)
Review
Antiseptics, with a broader spectrum of antimicrobial efficacy, lower risk of antibiotic resistance development, and minimal collateral damage to host tissues, are important alternatives to control the bioburden in wounds. Povidone iodine (PVP-I), in use for several decades, has the broadest spectrum of activity, a persistent antimicrobial effect, an ability to penetrate biofilms, and a lack of acquired or cross-resistance. It demonstrates good skin tolerance and low cytotoxicity. However, some reports on PVP-I have raised concerns over allergy, ineffective penetration, and toxic effects on host cells. The majority of these concerns are based on in vitro or rodent wound studies with diverse study designs and outcomes; these results may not be directly applicable in the clinical reality in humans. In this paper, we discuss the efficacy and safety of PVP-I and outline its place in wound healing in Asia, based on an appraisal of recent literature and clinical practice across the region.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Asia; Consensus; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Wound Healing; Wound Infection; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 28848111
DOI: 10.1159/000479150 -
Physical Therapy Feb 1998Clinicians have used numerous strategies to combat wound infections, including topical and systemic administration of antibiotics, and various antiseptic agents such as... (Review)
Review
Clinicians have used numerous strategies to combat wound infections, including topical and systemic administration of antibiotics, and various antiseptic agents such as hypochlorite (bleach) and hydrogen peroxide have been placed on wounds to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. A commonly used antimicrobial agent is povidone-iodine (Betadine), a complex of iodine, the bactericidal component, with polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), a synthetic polymer. The most common commercial form is a 10% solution in water yielding 1% available iodine. Povidone-iodine is available as a surgical scrub or skin cleanser with a detergent base (0.75% available iodine) or in other forms. Decisions regarding choice of wound treatment involve two basic considerations: (1) how safe is the treatment, and (2) how effective is the treatment. The safety of a wound care treatment may be determined by whether the treatment retards the progress of the wound through the stages of healing (inflammatory, proliferative/reepithelializing, and remodeling). The efficacy of a wound care treatment (e.g., povidone-iodine) can be judged in vitro by its ability to kill microorganisms and in vivo by whether it decreases the rate or severity of wound infection. The task of evaluating the choice of povidone-iodine solution for treatment of wounds, especially the chronic wounds most often seen in physical therapy practice, is made complex by two factors. First, although there is a large body of research into various aspects of povidone-iodine use in wound care, the results are not always germane to the types of wound treatment most often provided by physical therapists. The relevance of in vitro studies regarding safety and effectiveness to in vivo use with patients may be limited. Much of the published research on wound healing uses animal wound models; however, the applicability of findings in animal studies to human wounds has been questioned.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Wound Healing; Wound Infection
PubMed: 9474112
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/78.2.212 -
Indian Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Chylothorax; Pleurodesis; Thorax
PubMed: 36882662
DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04526-8 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2002Ocular infections can have devastating consequences and may lead to blindness. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has many potential advantages over the currently used drugs,... (Review)
Review
Ocular infections can have devastating consequences and may lead to blindness. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) has many potential advantages over the currently used drugs, including a broader antibacterial spectrum, it turns the surface of the eye brown for a few minutes, bacterial resistance has not been seen and it is cheaper than other agents. PVP-I has made a significant contribution to pre- and postoperative ocular surgical prophylaxis, ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Scientific support for these applications includes studies conducted over the past 17 years, which are reviewed.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Eye; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum; Postoperative Care; Povidone-Iodine; Preoperative Care
PubMed: 12011529
DOI: 10.1159/000057733 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Dec 2020Surgical site infection (SSI) occurs at the incisional site of a surgical procedure and usually involves the skin. The use of antibacterial courses to manage SSIs is... (Review)
Review
Surgical site infection (SSI) occurs at the incisional site of a surgical procedure and usually involves the skin. The use of antibacterial courses to manage SSIs is still very challenging in clinical settings. When not used appropriately, antibacterial agents can lead to increased rates of adverse events. However, various antibacterial agents that can destroy the growth of bacteria are now available. This article aims to discuss the role of preoperative intranasal decolonization with topical povidone-iodine antiseptic in the incidence of SSI based on a review of the literature. Topical bactericidal agents can be administered intranasally before surgery to eliminate potentially harmful bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. Therefore, a few studies have recommended the use of intranasal povidone-iodine solution in the clinical setting; however, it also appears to be a promising antiseptic regimen for preoperative decontamination in patients planned to undergo surgery. Povidone-iodine is a commonly used medical antiseptic agent that is used by surgeons to promote wound healing and prevent postoperative bacterial infections. Chlorhexidine gluconate is both an antiseptic and a disinfectant, which is used to clean the skin and surgical instruments. Our review of the literature on studies on the effectiveness of intranasal povidone-iodine in the reduction of intranasal bacterial colonization and the prevention of SSI identified only 5 controlled clinical studies. One study, however, showed increased effectiveness in preventing SSI when topical intranasal povidone-iodine was combined with the use of chlorhexidine gluconate washcloths. Further large-scale controlled clinical studies are needed before proper guidelines can be made.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Administration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Humans; Incidence; Povidone-Iodine; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 33303729
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.927052 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine May 2020Chylothorax is a rare disease with a high mortality rate in pediatric patients like newborns and infants. As one of the minimally invasive treatments, chemical pleural...
BACKGROUND
Chylothorax is a rare disease with a high mortality rate in pediatric patients like newborns and infants. As one of the minimally invasive treatments, chemical pleural pleurodesis has been gradually used in treating pediatric chylothorax patients in recent years. This study explored the feasibility, safety and effect of povidone-iodine chemical pleurodesis (CP) for spontaneous chylothorax in young pediatric patients.
METHODS
From January 2009 to December 2019 the clinical data of 22 children treated for spontaneous chylothorax at Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The data included the patients' medical history, clinical manifestations, pleural effusion examinations, treatment methods, and effects and complications. On the basis of conventional conservative treatment and closed thoracic drainage, all the children were treated by CP with povidone-iodine until the pleural effusion was absorbed and the thoracic tube was removed. After discharge from the hospital, each patient was followed up for 1-10 years.
RESULTS
Of the 22 children (16 males and 6 females), 3 cases were diagnosed with pleural effusion at prenatal examination, 5 cases had acute respiratory distress at birth, and 6 case had experienced pneumonia repeatedly since birth. All of the children had different degrees of cyanosis and dyspnea. Pleural effusion was diagnosed in all patients by chest X-ray and chest ultrasound after admission (12 cases on the left side, 5 cases on the right side, and 5 cases on both sides). The results of all chyle tests during pleural effusion examination were positive. The mean leukocyte count was (9,278.8±9,504.6)×106 /L, the lymphocyte ratio was (83.9±6.1)%, and the mean triglyceride content was (7.18±6.10) mmol/L. All patients were treated with thoracic drainage, diet control, nutritional support, and povidone-iodine CP, among 6 of them with pneumonia on admission received antibiotics. The mean length of stay (LOS) was (36.0±18.2) days. The patients received thoracic drainage for (23.0±15.6) days and pleurodesis (3.0±2.0) times. No serious side effects occurred after pleurodesis, although some patients experienced mild chest pain and low fever. All the patients successfully achieved a clinical cure.
CONCLUSIONS
Povidone-iodine CP is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment, with high success rate and few complications in young pediatric patients with spontaneous chylothorax.
Topics: Child; Chylothorax; Female; Humans; Male; Pleural Effusion; Pleurodesis; Povidone-Iodine; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32434361
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-926 -
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia Dec 2020
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; COVID-19; Chlorhexidine; Cross Infection; Humans; Mouthwashes; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated; Povidone-Iodine; Preanesthetic Medication
PubMed: 32920346
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110035 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 1990Mediastinitis is a devastating complication following median sternotomy. Continuous povidone-iodine (PVP-I) irrigation has been advocated as therapy because of its broad... (Review)
Review
Mediastinitis is a devastating complication following median sternotomy. Continuous povidone-iodine (PVP-I) irrigation has been advocated as therapy because of its broad antimicrobial spectrum and its apparent safety. However, several recent clinical reports have warned of suspected local and systemic iodine toxicity. The purpose of this study is to determine if significant amounts of iodine can be absorbed systemically via the mediastinum, and if so, what toxicity (local and/or systemic) may result. PVP-I (0.5%) was continuously irrigated into the pericardial sacs of three dogs via catheters for 48 hr. Serial serum and urine iodine levels were determined. The serum steady-state concentration (Css), the rate elimination constant (k), the urinary clearance (Cl), and the serum half-life (t 1/2) for iodine were assessed. Serum electrolytes, Bun, Cr, and arterial pH were measured to assess systemic iodine toxicity. Tissue samples of the heart, pericardium, liver, and kidney were examined histologically for evidence of local or end-organ iodine toxicity. This study demonstrated that the absorption of iodine during continuous mediastinal irrigation with PVP-I follows zero-order pharmacokinetics, just as if it were being given by continuous intravenous infusion. The baseline serum iodine concentration was 145.9 +/- 64.3 micrograms/dl, Css was 29,290 +/- 101.4 micrograms/dl, k was 0.0996 +/- 0.009/hr, Cl was 872.4 +/- 119.3 ml/hr, and t1/2 was 6.22 hr. Urinary excretion of iodine increased in proportion to the serum iodine. Measured serum chloride increased in a linear manner (r = 0.949), while serum Na, K, Bun, Cr, and pH were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Dogs; Iodine; Mediastinitis; Mediastinum; Myocardium; Pericarditis; Povidone-Iodine; Therapeutic Irrigation
PubMed: 2246887
DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(90)90191-4 -
Journal of Vascular Nursing : Official... Mar 1999For the purpose of providing a summary of current clinical trials to determine whether povidone-iodine is beneficial or detrimental to wound healing, an integrated... (Review)
Review
For the purpose of providing a summary of current clinical trials to determine whether povidone-iodine is beneficial or detrimental to wound healing, an integrated review was completed. Clinical trials were defined as any study that uses some concentration and form of povidone-iodine in a comparison or evaluation with other products or treatments resulting in an impact of povidone-iodine on wounds. The use of povidone-iodine for cleansing, irrigating, and dressing wounds is controversial. Wound healing is complex and requires safe and effective treatment modalities. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have been done with conflicting results on bactericidal effects and cytotoxicity of this antimicrobial agent. Human and animal in vivo studies in the last 10 years were used for this review because often the relevance of in vitro data in clinical conditions are questioned. The varied studies provide evidence that in most instances, povidone-iodine did not effectively promote good wound healing; in fact, most studies showed either impaired wound healing, reduced wound strength, or infection.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Research Design; Skin Care; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 10362983
DOI: 10.1016/s1062-0303(99)90004-3