-
Journal of Periodontal Research Apr 2010The existing literature is inconsistent regarding whether there is any additional effect of povidone-iodine (PVP-iodine) as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The existing literature is inconsistent regarding whether there is any additional effect of povidone-iodine (PVP-iodine) as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing, and, if there is an effect, what its size is. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the additional effect of PVP-iodine as an adjunct to scaling and root planing compared with water, saline or no rinse in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic literature search of the databases PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Library, and a handsearch, were performed (up to November 2008). Two reviewers independently identified and selected screened abstracts for possible inclusion, and assessed randomized, controlled clinical trials comparing the additional benefit of PVP-iodine with water, saline rinsing or no rinsing in the nonsurgical periodontal therapy of patients with chronic periodontitis. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was conducted in the absence of statistically significant heterogeneity.
RESULTS
A small, but statistically significant additional beneficial effect of the adjunctive use of PVP-iodine with enhanced probing pocket depth reductions of 0.28 mm (95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.48, p = 0.007) was found. There was no significant heterogeneity between studies (I(2) = 0%). However, most of the studies included in the meta-analysis were of low quality, and the treatment modalities showed various differences such as the use of PVP-iodine at different concentrations and application modalities. Nevertheless, single-rooted teeth, in particular, showed an additional benefit after scaling and root planing with PVP-iodine, particularly when the treatment was repeated during the healing stage.
CONCLUSION
The adjunctive use of PVP-iodine during scaling and root planing may increase the clinical pocket depth reduction, although the clinical significance is small to moderate.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Scaling; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Mouthwashes; Povidone-Iodine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Root Planing; Sodium Chloride; Water
PubMed: 19909406
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2009.01232.x -
Ghana Medical Journal Jun 2023the aim was to compare 2 drops of either 5% chloramphenicol, 1% povidone-iodine or 5% povidone-iodine before cataract surgery on reducing the colonisation of bacterial... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
the aim was to compare 2 drops of either 5% chloramphenicol, 1% povidone-iodine or 5% povidone-iodine before cataract surgery on reducing the colonisation of bacterial flora in the conjunctiva.
DESIGN
This was a double-blind, randomised clinical trial study.
SETTING
Patients referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, for cataract surgery were studied.
PARTICIPANTS
Totally 260 patients were enrolled.
INTERVENTION
The affected lower fornix was gently sampled with a sterile swab and cultured on appropriate microbiological media. Then one of the 3 solutions mentioned above was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the cases in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After thirty minutes, new conjunctival swabs were taken and cultured.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The type of bacteria isolated and their colony-forming unit per mL (CFU/mL) number were primary end-points. The statistical tests of Phi and Cramer's V and Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis were applied to evaluate the relationship between the studied variables and culture results as the secondary end-point.
RESULTS
The studied patients were 129 (49.6%) males and 131 (50.4%) females. Bacterial growth was observed in 49 cases (18.85%); the most commonly isolated bacteria were (71.42%). In the povidone-iodine 5% and chloramphenicol groups (but not the povidone-iodine 1%), the decrease in the number of CFU/mL was statistically significant (P = 0.032 and P = 0.005, respectively, Wilcoxon test).
CONCLUSION
A single dose of povidone-iodine 5% and chloramphenicol effectively reduces the colonisation of normal conjunctival bacteria and can be used as effective prophylaxis.
FUNDING
This study was part of an MSc thesis of Nasrin Tofighi. Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, funded this work.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Chloramphenicol; Ophthalmic Solutions; Conjunctiva; Bacteria; Cataract
PubMed: 38504751
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v57i2.1 -
Journal of Cataract and Refractive... Jul 2017
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antisepsis; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 28823456
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2017.07.008 -
Lancet (London, England) Jun 1995
Topics: Adult; Anaphylaxis; Female; Humans; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 7769914
DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91063-8 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Nov 2023
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Humans; Povidone-Iodine; Network Meta-Analysis; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Conjunctivitis, Viral
PubMed: 37130094
DOI: 10.1111/aos.15689 -
American Journal of Surgery Mar 1986The chemical, microbiologic, and toxic characteristics of povidone-iodine solution, a commonly used antiseptic agent, are addressed in a collective review of relevant... (Review)
Review
The chemical, microbiologic, and toxic characteristics of povidone-iodine solution, a commonly used antiseptic agent, are addressed in a collective review of relevant works published from 1956 to the present. Interactions of this agent with the thyroid gland and the kidneys and its toxicity at the cellular and systemic level are discussed.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Membrane; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Disinfectants; Eukaryota; Fungi; Humans; Iodine; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Solutions; Viruses
PubMed: 3513654
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(86)90477-0 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Jan 2020Periprosthetic joint infection is a major complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The intraoperative splash basin has been found to be a potential source of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Periprosthetic joint infection is a major complication of total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The intraoperative splash basin has been found to be a potential source of contamination. Although consensus recommendations against the use of splash basin have been made, splash basin use continues to be taught and utilized in practice. This study aims to investigate the effect of dilute betadine addition to the sterile water (SW) contents (0.02% solution) of the splash basin on contamination rates. This intervention could preserve the functionality and preferential use of the splash basin. The primary outcome of this study is the rate of splash basin contamination, with secondary outcomes of prevalence of culture speciation and mean operative times association with the rate of positive cultures.
METHODS
Patients undergoing primary TJA were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial with assignment to either the intervention/betadine group, in which dilute betadine was added to the standard SW splash basin, or the control/standard SW group. For a total cohort of 104 patients, a 120 mL aliquot sample of basin fluid was collected at incision ("preprocedure") and closure ("postprocedure"). Samples were cultured and monitored for 48 hours for growth, with further testing as necessary to identify microbial speciation.
RESULTS
Of the final 100 postprocedure samples, 0 (0.0%) were positive in the betadine group, while there were 23 (47.9%) positive samples in the SW group (P < .001). Of the positive cultures, the most common species grown were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Micrococcus. The mean operative time was an average of 11 minutes longer for cases with positive cultures.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, treating SW splash basins with dilute povidone-iodine (0.02% solution) eliminates intraoperative contamination of splash basins in TJA procedures. This intervention is simple, low cost, and readily implementable, making it a reasonable addition to TJA protocols.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level 1, Controlled Laboratory Study.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Arthroplasty; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 31537375
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.08.016 -
Current Microbiology Apr 2023Biofilm in chronic wounds is associated with delayed healing and ineffective local treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-biofilm...
Biofilm in chronic wounds is associated with delayed healing and ineffective local treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-biofilm activity of two commonly used antimicrobials, povidone-iodine (PVP-I) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The rate of anti-biofilm activity of PVP-I, PHMB, and phosphate-buffered saline (negative control) was assessed on monomicrobial biofilms of varying maturity and composition. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined by counting colony-forming units (CFU). Live/dead cell staining and time-lapse confocal microscopy were also performed. Both PVP-I and PHMB demonstrated robust in vitro anti-biofilm activity against all tested biofilms; however, PVP-I had a more rapid action versus PHMB against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms, as determined by both CFU counts and microscopy. PVP-I completely eradicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms of 3- and 5-day maturity (in ≤0.5 h) and 7-day maturity (in ≤3 h), while PHMB only partially depleted cell density, with no complete biofilm eradication even after 24 h. In conclusion, PVP-I had a similar in vitro anti-biofilm activity to PHMB against biofilms of varying microbial compositions and maturity, and in some cases demonstrated more potent and rapid activity versus PHMB. PVP-I may be particularly effective in treating MRSA biofilms. However, further high-quality clinical research on the efficacy of antimicrobials is required.
Topics: Povidone-Iodine; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Biofilms; In Vitro Techniques; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37004626
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03257-5 -
Annals of Surgery Jun 1978Two experimental models were utilized to study the efficacy of intraperitoneal povidone-iodine in an established peritonitis. In both models, there was a 100% mortality...
Two experimental models were utilized to study the efficacy of intraperitoneal povidone-iodine in an established peritonitis. In both models, there was a 100% mortality in the povidone-iodine treated group. In laboratories which have reported favorable results, the animals were treated before peritonitis was allowed to develop. Clinical studies with povidone-iodine lavage have used dilute solutions which did not remain in the infected space. The effectiveness of this method was probably due to mechanical continuous irrigation. Our toxicity studies showed povidone-iodine to be fatal in normal animals in dosages exceeding 4.0 ml/kg. However, a dose of 2.0 ml/kg, which was nontoxic in normal animals, was fatal in animals with peritonitis. This study strongly suggests that the intraperitoneal administration of povidone-iodine can be fatal when the animal is compromised by peritonitis. The mechanism of this effect is unclear. On the basis of these studies, the intraperitoneal administration of povidone-iodine cannot be recommended for therapy of peritonitis.
Topics: Animals; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Iodine; Male; Peritonitis; Povidone; Povidone-Iodine; Rats
PubMed: 646500
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197806000-00005 -
Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging... Jul 2021Retina specialists use lidocaine gel as a topical anesthetic. We determined the antibacterial interaction between povidone-iodine (PI) and lidocaine gel using...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Retina specialists use lidocaine gel as a topical anesthetic. We determined the antibacterial interaction between povidone-iodine (PI) and lidocaine gel using corneoscleral tissue as a solid phase medium.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five pieces of corneoscleral tissue in five trials were inoculated with 1.000 colony-forming units of bacteria isolated from endophthalmitis. Inoculated corneal tissue were overlaid with nothing (control), lidocaine gel, 5% PI, lidocaine gel over 5% PI, and 5% PI over lidocaine gel for 5 minutes prior to placement in growth liquid medium at 37°C. Growth was monitored for 48 hours.
RESULTS
Application of lidocaine gel prior to 5% PI application provided for the growth of the five bacterial isolates, whereas 5% PI prior to lidocaine gel prevented growth.
CONCLUSION
Using corneoscleral tissue, PI and lidocaine gel appear to have an antagonistic interaction when lidocaine gel is applied initially prior to 5% PI, preventing bactericidal activity of PI. .
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Humans; Lidocaine; Povidone-Iodine
PubMed: 34310240
DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20210518-03