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Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Jaundice is a common clinical finding in clinical practice of hepatologists and general practitioners. It occurs when serum bilirubin levels exceed 3 mg/dL.
SUMMARY
In this review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and laboratory and imaging techniques. Clinical presentation of jaundice manifests through yellow skin and sclera coloration. Evaluation of every patient includes detailed medical history and examination. In the laboratory, evaluation of enzymes of hepatic inflammation as well as cholestatic enzymes with serum bilirubin must be included. Additional laboratory analysis and imaging modalities are needed in order to differentiate jaundice etiology. Moreover, imaging is available and needed in further evaluation, and treatment is dependent on the underlying cause.
KEY MESSAGES
In this review, we will outline the pathophysiological mechanism of jaundice, clinical approach to the patient with jaundice, and diagnostic and treatment approach to these patients.
Topics: Bilirubin; Cholestasis; General Practitioners; Humans; Jaundice; Liver Function Tests
PubMed: 34015787
DOI: 10.1159/000517301 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 2024The threat of foreign animal diseases is steadily increasing. Veterinary practitioners play a vital role in a community's preparedness for, response to, and recovery... (Review)
Review
The threat of foreign animal diseases is steadily increasing. Veterinary practitioners play a vital role in a community's preparedness for, response to, and recovery from a foreign animal disease outbreak. This article examines the steps a practitioner needs to take to become ready to have a role in disaster readiness and response. Resources exist to provide the practitioner with tools needed to transition their normal daily activities to a larger integrated response. The knowledge and skills used by practitioners in disaster management lead to a more effective and efficient response to a foreign animal disease.
Topics: Animals; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine; Disaster Planning; Disease Outbreaks; Animal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 38395704
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2024.01.011 -
International Journal of Nursing... Apr 2018The role of nurse practitioners in primary healthcare has been validated over the years and is now being considered as a key solution in various primary healthcare... (Review)
Review
The role of nurse practitioners in primary healthcare has been validated over the years and is now being considered as a key solution in various primary healthcare settings to the provision of comprehensive care. The context in which the role has been established positions nurse practitioners' practice within medical and nursing paradigms. As the healthcare system evolves, nurse practitioners must define their identity to advocate for roles that reflect their professional values. A historical overview highlighting the context in which the NP role expanded will guide a philosophical discussion regarding role identity. After exposing tensions between the nursing and medicine disciplines, Abbots' theory of profession will be utilized to understand the foundations leading to initial research on nurse practitioner integration within the healthcare system. Feminist philosopher bell hooks' discourse on marginality will serve as a platform to reflect on the nurse practitioner identity within the current social context. Foucault's notions of governmentality, parrhesia and care of the self will then guide reflections regarding ways for nurse practitioners to locate themselves as a profession.
PubMed: 31406811
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.03.001 -
Omega May 2018Sexuality and intimacy, including contact, tenderness, and love, are important at every life stage. Intimate expression is especially vital at the end of life, when... (Review)
Review
Sexuality and intimacy, including contact, tenderness, and love, are important at every life stage. Intimate expression is especially vital at the end of life, when relationships with loved ones are time limited. Unfortunately, care providers often ignore the potential need for sexual expression, especially at the end of life. In this article, we consider current research on sexuality and end-of-life care and situate these two fields in an ecological framework. We explore how end-of-life sexuality and intimacy can be supported by practitioners in multiple nested contexts and provide suggestions for theoretically-driven interventions. We also provide reflexive considerations for practitioners.
Topics: Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Palliative Care; Sexual Partners; Sexuality; Terminal Care
PubMed: 29285977
DOI: 10.1177/0030222817696540 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 2019Sex trafficking is one of the most profitable forms of transnational crimes (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2018). Sex traffickers prey on vulnerable populations... (Review)
Review
Sex trafficking is one of the most profitable forms of transnational crimes (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2018). Sex traffickers prey on vulnerable populations to commission these crimes. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth are subject to adversity from an early age, which leaves them especially vulnerable to sex traffickers. Health care providers lack the resources, education, protocols, and policies required to protect these youth members of society. This literature review explores LGBT youth's risk factors for becoming a trafficked child, a provider's role in protecting and treating these youth, the legalities of a provider reporting sex trafficking, and research opportunities pertinent to these issues.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Human Trafficking; Humans; Male; Nurse Practitioners; Nurse's Role; Sexual and Gender Minorities
PubMed: 30935728
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2019.02.005 -
Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice :... Jan 2019For pharmacists, the first years after graduation are spent developing their knowledge base, advancing as a practitioner, and honing their abilities as healthcare... (Review)
Review
For pharmacists, the first years after graduation are spent developing their knowledge base, advancing as a practitioner, and honing their abilities as healthcare providers and drug information experts. New practitioners encounter many challenges during this time, which for many include publishing original research or reviewing manuscripts for colleagues and medical journals. Inexperience navigating the publication process, from submission to receipt of (and response to) peer review commentary, is often cited as a major barrier to timely publication of resident and new practitioner research. Serving as a peer reviewer in turn provides the new practitioner with insight on this process and can be an enlightening experience used to garner confidence in subsequently submitting their own formal manuscripts. A number of publications describing steps for peer review are available, however, many of these articles address more experienced reviewers or critique the peer review process itself. No definitive resource exists for new pharmacy practitioners interested in developing their peer review skills. The information presented in this summative guide should be used in conjunction with practice opportunities to help new practitioners develop proficiency at peer review.
Topics: Humans; Peer Review; Pharmaceutical Research; Pharmaceutical Services; Publishing
PubMed: 29498322
DOI: 10.1177/1078155218761222 -
Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in... 2018Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography of the chest is now a service covered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and most private... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography of the chest is now a service covered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and most private insurers. However, providers may experience many barriers that could prevent them from offering lung cancer screening to eligible patients. Advanced practitioners are uniquely positioned to provide lung cancer screening within a formal screening program. Our nurse practitioner-led lung cancer screening program was developed to address these barriers, and to provide evidence-based access to care for a high-risk patient population.
PubMed: 31086688
DOI: No ID Found -
Nurse Practitioner Forum Sep 1999Lymphedema is not uncommon after breast cancer surgery or radiation therapy and can appear days or even years after the causative event. Unfortunately, it is often... (Review)
Review
Lymphedema is not uncommon after breast cancer surgery or radiation therapy and can appear days or even years after the causative event. Unfortunately, it is often missed by health care professionals, and patients suffer needlessly. The author discusses the nurse practitioner's role in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this debilitating disorder.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Lymphedema; Nurse Practitioners; Nursing Assessment; Patient Education as Topic; Precipitating Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 10614361
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Nursing... Apr 2021India is in dire need of an alternative to general medical practitioners to overcome a severe shortage of doctors, especially in rural and underprivileged regions.... (Review)
Review
India is in dire need of an alternative to general medical practitioners to overcome a severe shortage of doctors, especially in rural and underprivileged regions. Empowering nurses through nurse practitioner (NP) role is the superlative solution to provide quality health care in primary care setting. Based on conceptions and research findings of the NP' s role, we analyzed and examined the realities, scope, and barriers for implementing the NP' s role in India and propose future strategies to create a NP cadre.
PubMed: 33997140
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.03.003