-
Pediatrics in Review Dec 2012
Review
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure Determination; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; Diet Therapy; Exercise; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Prognosis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 23204396
DOI: 10.1542/pir.33-12-541 -
Tropical Medicine & International... Nov 2018To determine risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in a cohort of 1247 rural Tanzanian women before conception.
OBJECTIVES
To determine risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension in a cohort of 1247 rural Tanzanian women before conception.
METHODS
Demographic and socioeconomic data, anthropometric measurements, past medical and obstetric history and other risk factors for pre-hypertension and hypertension were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between anthropometric indices and other risk factors of pre-hypertension and hypertension. The predictive power of different anthropometric indicators for identification of pre-hypertension and hypertension patients was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (ROC).
RESULTS
The median (range) age was 28.0 (18-40) years. The age-standardised prevalences of pre-hypertension and hypertension were 37.2 (95% CI 34.0-40.6) and 8.5% (95%CI 6.7-10.8), respectively. Of hypertensive patients (n = 98), only 20 (20.4%) were aware of their condition. In multivariate analysis, increasing age, obesity and haemoglobin levels were significantly associated with pre-hypertension and hypertension.
CONCLUSION
Despite a low prevalence of hypertension, over one third of the women had pre-hypertension. This poses a great challenge ahead as pre-hypertensive women may progress into hypertension as they grow older without appropriate interventions. Obesity was the single most important modifiable risk factor for pre-hypertension and hypertension.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Tanzania; Young Adult
PubMed: 30280462
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13149 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jan 2022Minimal data is available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and prehypertension in Dubai. The study aims to measure the prevalence of hypertension and...
BACKGROUND
Minimal data is available on the prevalence and correlates of hypertension and prehypertension in Dubai. The study aims to measure the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and the associated socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and comorbidities among the adult population of Dubai.
METHODS
This study used data from the Dubai Household Health Survey, 2019. A cross-sectional population survey based on a complex stratified cluster random design. The total eligible sample included 2530 adults (18+). Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were considered as independent covariates. The main study outcome variables, pre-hypertension and hypertension, were ordinal, with normotension as the reference group.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of hypertension in adults was 32.5% (38.37% in males and 16.66% in females). Prehypertension was prevalent in 29.8% of adults in Dubai (28.85% in males and 32.31% in females). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age groups, gender, occupation, and high Body Mass Index were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension at the level of P < 0.05. No clear trend toward a higher correlation of hypertension was noted with the increase in age, except after the age of 50 years. Males were five- times more likely to be hypertensive than females. Participants enrolled in skilled and service works had a five times higher risk of hypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals). Obese subjects had a 5.47-times greater correlation of hypertension compared with normal-weight subjects. Physically active individuals were less likely to develop hypertension. For the correlates with prehypertension in the present analysis, skilled and service workers and those working in elementary jobs had a higher risk of prehypertension, compared with the reference group (professionals) Individuals with a status of overweight were associated with a higher prevalence of prehypertension compared with people of normal weight.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed a high prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Dubai. Some socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors were correlated with prehypertension and hypertension among the studied population. Interventions aiming at increasing public awareness about such risk factors are essential.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; United Arab Emirates; Young Adult
PubMed: 35090385
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02457-4 -
West African Journal of Medicine 2012Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Previous studies...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood.
OBJECTIVES
This study set out to determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescence in a Nigerian community.
METHODS
A cross-sectional screening of blood pressure of secondary school students was conducted in Sagamu local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Total sample of 1638 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years were chosen from stratified schools and from various classes of selected schools. Their blood pressure was assessed.
RESULTS
The prevalence of pre-hypertension in this population ranged from 0-10.5% in male students and 0-2.9% in female students across the age. In the whole population the prevalence of systolic and diastolic pre-hypertension were 1.6% and 0.5% respectively for male adolescents while that of female students were 0.4% and 0.5% respectively. The low prevalence of 0.1% was observed for systolic and diastolic hypertension in male and 0.1% for female systolic hypertension. Furthermore, pre-hypertension prevalence was increased with age.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our data demonstrated a low prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in Nigerian adolescents living in Sagamu local government area of Ogun state, south west Nigeria.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Blood Pressure Determination; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nigeria; Population; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; School Health Services; Sex Factors
PubMed: 23208473
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Hypertension Reports Dec 2013The quantitative associations between prehypertension or its separate blood pressure (BP) ranges and the risk of main cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The quantitative associations between prehypertension or its separate blood pressure (BP) ranges and the risk of main cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have not been reliably documented.
METHODS
We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed (1966 to June 2012) and the Cochrane Library (1988 to June 2012) without language restrictions. Prospective studies were included if they reported multivariate-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of desirable outcomes, including fatal or non-fatal incident stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction (MI) or total CVD events, with respect to prehypertension or its separate BP ranges (low range: 120–129/80–84 mmHg; high range: 130–139/85–89 mmHg) at baseline with normal BP (<120/80 mmHg) as reference. Pooled RRs were estimated using a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine articles met our inclusion criteria, with 1,010,858 participants. Both low-range and high-range prehypertension were associated with a greater risk of developing or dying of total CVD (low-range: RR: 1.24; 95 % CI: 1.10 to 1.39; high range: RR: 1.56; 95 % CI: 1.36 to 1.78), stroke (low-range: RR: 1.35; 95 % CI: 1.10 to 1.66; high-range: RR: 1.95; 95 % CI: 1.69 to 2.24) and myocardial infarction (MI) (low range: RR: 1.43; 95 % CI: 1.10 to 1.86; high range: RR: 1.99; 95 % CI: 1.59 to 2.50). The whole range prehypertension had a 1.44-fold (95 % CI: 1.35 to 1.53), 1.73-fold (95 % CI: 1.61 to 1.85), and 1.79-fold (95 % CI: 1.45 to 2.22) risk of total CVD, stroke, and MI, respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Prehypertensive patients have a greater risk of incident stroke, MI and total CVD events. The impact was markedly different between the low and high prehypertension ranges
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Prehypertension; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 24234576
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-013-0403-y -
Vascular Health and Risk Management 2023Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a...
INTRODUCTION
Cardiovascular disorders are one of the commonly recognized occupational diseases in the developed world. Individuals chronically exposed to noise at workplaces had a higher risk of developing elevated arterial blood pressure. There are limited studies in Ethiopia regarding this topic and thus this study determined the prevalence and determinant factors of occupational noise-induced pre-hypertension among metal manufacturing workers in Gondar city administration, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was carried out. In this study, 300 study participants were recruited by census sampling method. A sound level meter was used to measure the working area noise level. A semi-structured pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. Blood pressure was measured in a quiet room in the morning using a mercurial sphygmomanometer. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with noise-induced prehypertension. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was reported, and variables with p < 0.05 were considered as statistically associated factors with pre-hypertension.
RESULTS
The prevalence of noise-induced pre-hypertension was 27.7% (95% CI: 22.7-32.7). In multivariable logistic regression, working area noise level (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 6.8-8.9), 45-65 years' age (AOR = 9.8, 95% CI: 5.4-12.9), years of work experience ((6-10 years (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.98-5.90 and >10 years (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 7.8-9.75)), being a cigarette smoker (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.36-9.77), and alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.06-1.04) were significantly associated with noise-induced prehypertension.
CONCLUSION
Workers in metal manufactures who were exposed to noise levels >85 dB developed elevated blood pressure. The odds of having prehypertension were increased by years of work experience, advanced age, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Our findings recommended that the real-world preventive strategies should be taken to lower the risk of noise-induced pre-hypertension hastened by occupational noise exposure.
Topics: Humans; Prehypertension; Noise, Occupational; Ethiopia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36687313
DOI: 10.2147/VHRM.S392876 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Jun 2014To determine the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and its determinants in the 40-64 year old population of Shahroud in the north of Iran.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and its determinants in the 40-64 year old population of Shahroud in the north of Iran.
METHODS
The blood pressure of 5,190 of the 40-64 year old people participating in the first phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study was measured using the standard method. Sampling was done in 2009 using a random cluster approach. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was determined by age and sex, and we used a multi-nominal logistic regression model to calculate the odds ratio (OR).
RESULTS
The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 37.2 % in men and 30.9 % in women, and the prevalence of hypertension was respectively 37.1 % and 39.0 %. In both sexes, there was an increase in the prevalence of hypertension and a decrease in the prevalence of pre-hypertension with age. Older age, male sex, higher body mass index, blood glucose higher than 140 mg/dl were found associated with hypertension and pre-hypertension. Also, diabetes increases the odds of hypertension (OR = 1.4) and a history of smoking was correlated with a decreased odds of having hypertension and pre-hypertension.
CONCLUSION
According to the criteria of Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was high in the studied population, and considering the epidemiologic transition of diseases in Iran, it can be concluded that a high percentage of the population are at risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Age Factors; Chi-Square Distribution; Comorbidity; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypertension; Iran; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Sex Factors; Urban Health
PubMed: 24272061
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-013-0035-y -
Neurology Oct 2011
Topics: Humans; Prehypertension; Stroke
PubMed: 21956719
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31823152e9 -
Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation :... Aug 2012Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether pre-hypertension is related to the...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether pre-hypertension is related to the incidence of CKD.
METHODS
The incidence of CKD defined as positive proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was examined in 2150 inhabitants without pre-existing CKD from the general Japanese population. The association of blood pressure and CKD incidence was examined using a Cox regression model adjusted for age, sex, habitual smoking and drinking, obesity, history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or hypercholesterolemia, eGFR at baseline, number of follow-up examinations and year of baseline examination. Participants were categorized according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
RESULTS
Participants were categorized into normotension (n = 586, 27.3 % ), pre-hypertension (n = 815, 37.9 % ), Stage 1 hypertension (n = 386, 18.0 % ) and Stage 2 hypertension (n = 363, 16.9 % ). During a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (14 023 person-years), 461 incidences of CKD were recorded. Compared to normotension, adjusted hazard ratios of CKD were significantly higher for pre-hypertension (1.49, P < 0.003), Stage 1 (1.83, P < 0.001) and Stage 2 (2.55, P < 0.001) hypertension. The population-attributable fraction of pre-hypertension (12.1 % ) was considered to be compatible to that of Stage 1 (8.6 % ) and Stage 2 (14.9 % ) hypertension.
CONCLUSION
This was the first study to demonstrate that pre-hypertension was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD and was one of the considerable causes of CKD in the general population.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Proportional Hazards Models; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22510379
DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs054 -
Explore (New York, N.Y.) 2022Pre-hypertension remains a significant public health challenge and appropriate intervention is required to stop its progression to hypertension and/or cardiovascular... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of individualized homeopathic medicines in intervening with the progression of pre-hypertension to hypertension: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
CONTEXT
Pre-hypertension remains a significant public health challenge and appropriate intervention is required to stop its progression to hypertension and/or cardiovascular diseases.
OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of individualized homeopathic medicines (IH) against placebo in intervening with the progression of pre-hypertension to hypertension.
DESIGN
Double-blind, randomized, two parallel arms, placebo-controlled trial.
SETTING
Outpatient departments of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
PATIENTS
Ninety-two patients suffering from pre-hypertension; randomized to receive either IH (n = 46) or identical-looking placebo (n = 46).
INTERVENTIONS
IH or placebo in the mutual context of lifestyle modification (LSM) advices including dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and brisk exercises.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Primary - systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP); secondary - Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile version 2.0 (MYMOP-2) scores; all measured at baseline, and every month, up to 3 months.
RESULTS
After 3 months of intervention, the number of patients having progression from pre-hypertension to hypertension between groups were similar without any significant differences in between (all P>0.05). Reduction in BP and MYMOP-2 scores were non-significantly higher (all P>0.05) in the IH group than placebo with small effect sizes. Lycopodium clavatum, Thuja occidentalis and Natrum muriaticum were the most frequently prescribed medicines. No harms or serious adverse events were reported from either group. Thus, there was a small, but non-significant direction of effect favoring homeopathy, which ultimately rendered the trial as inconclusive. [Trial registration: CTRI/2018/10/016,026; UTN: U1111-1221-8251].
Topics: Double-Blind Method; Homeopathy; Humans; Hypertension; Materia Medica; Prehypertension; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34147344
DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.05.007