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Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Feb 2020Hypertension, a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, affects ≈30% of adults. Emerging... (Review)
Review
Hypertension, a multifactorial disorder resulting from the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, affects ≈30% of adults. Emerging evidence has shown that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as an underestimated metabolic abnormality, is strongly associated with an increased risk of incident prehypertension and hypertension. However, the role of NAFLD in the development of hypertension is still obscure and is highly overlooked by the general public. Herein, we highlight the epidemiological evidence and putative mechanisms focusing on the emerging roles of NAFLD in hypertension, with the purpose of reinforcing the notion that NAFLD may serve as an independent risk factor and an important driving force in the development and progression of hypertension. Finally, we also briefly summarize the current potential treatments for NAFLD that might also be beneficial approaches against hypertension.
Topics: Gene-Environment Interaction; Humans; Hypertension; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Prehypertension; Public Health; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31865799
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13419 -
Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics Mar 2015Elevated blood pressure is regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. We examined the relation between hematocrit and...
Elevated blood pressure is regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. We examined the relation between hematocrit and pre-hypertension as well as the effect of sex, obesity, fasting glucose, and lipids in Chinese adults. The study samples were from a community-based health examination survey in China and included a total of 2,3691 patients with blood pressure in normal range. The odds ratios [ORs, 95 % confidence interval (CI)] of pre-hypertension across increasing quartiles of hematocrit were 1.000, 1.176 (1.050-1.318), 1.213 (1.081-1.363), and 1.364 (1.209-1.540) (P for trend < 0.001), when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalocetie transaminase, serum uric acid, glucose, and lipids. Associations were significant in both men and women, but not in individuals older than 60 years. In addition, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly interacted with hematocrit (P for interaction <0.024). The associations were more evident in patients with low (P < 0.001) and median LDL-C levels (P < 0.013) than those with high glucose levels. Hematocrit was associated with pre-hypertension, and was independent of metabolic risk factors. These associations were not significant in older individuals and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol may modify these associations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Blood Glucose; China; Comorbidity; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Distribution; Young Adult
PubMed: 25476140
DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0318-5 -
West African Journal of Medicine Nov 2023Hypertension is an important health problem all over the world. It is usually silent and the presence of symptoms may indicate end-organ damage. Whereas some studies...
INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is an important health problem all over the world. It is usually silent and the presence of symptoms may indicate end-organ damage. Whereas some studies reported a higher blood pressure (BP) in girls than boys at all ages other studies reported no sex differences while others demonstrated an initial higher BP in boys before puberty with reversal at puberty.
OBJECTIVE
Variation in prevalence of hypertension according to gender.
METHODOLOGY
A cross-sectional study of BP that recruited 1350 apparently healthy secondary school adolescents aged 10-19 years over 6 months.
RESULTS
The overall point prevalence of hypertension was 4.4% (59 of 1350) with gender-specific prevalence for males being 4.1% (26 of 628 boys) and 4.6% (33 of 722 girls) for females, (χ 2=0.831, p=0.362). According to stages of hypertension, 1.5% (10 of 628) and 1.1% (7 of 628) males had stages 1 and 2 systolic hypertension respectively while 2.4% (15 of 628) had stage 1 diastolic hypertension and none had stage 2. Similarly, 2.4% (17 of 722) and 1.2% (9 of 722) females had stages 1 and 2 systolic hypertension respectively while 1.2% (9 of 722) and only 0.1% (1 of 722) girls had stages 1 and 2 diastolic hypertension respectively. The overall prevalence of pre-hypertension was 22.1% (298 of 1350) with gender-specific prevalence of 21% (131 of 628) for males and 23.1% (167 of 722) for females, (χ 2=4.349, p=0.037).
CONCLUSION
Female adolescents have a higher prevalence of hypertension, especially pre-hypertension, compared with males. The BP screening is recommended at secondary school entry and at regular intervals.
Topics: Male; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Prevalence; Prehypertension; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hypertension; Mass Screening; Blood Pressure
PubMed: 37970784
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical and Experimental Hypertension... 2016The present cross-sectional study was aimed to identify pre-hypertension and masked hypertension rate in clinically normotensive adults in relation to socio-demographic,...
BACKGROUND
The present cross-sectional study was aimed to identify pre-hypertension and masked hypertension rate in clinically normotensive adults in relation to socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters.
METHODS
A total of 161 clinically normotensive adults with office blood pressure (OBP) <140/90 mmHg without medication were included in this single-center cross-sectional study. OBP, home BP (HBP) recordings and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) were used to identify rates of true normotensives, true pre-hypertensives and masked hypertensives. Data on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected in each subject and evaluated with respect to true normotensive vs. pre-hypertensive patients with masked hypertension or true pre-hypertensive. Target organ damage (TOD) was evaluated in masked hypertensives based on laboratory investigation.
RESULTS
Masked hypertension was identified in 8.7% of clinically normotensives. Alcohol consumption was significantly more common in masked hypertension than in true pre-hypertension (28.6 vs. 0.0%, p = 0.020) with risk ratio of 2.7 (95% CI 1.7-4.4). Patients with true pre-hypertension and masked hypertension had significantly higher values for body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic OBP and HBP (p < 0.05 for each) compared to true normotensive subjects. ABPM revealed significantly higher values for day-time and night-time systolic and diastolic BP (p = 0.002 for night-time diastolic BP, p < 0.001 for others) in masked hypertension than true pre-hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
Given that the associations of pre-hypertension with TOD might be attributable to the high prevalence of insidious presentation of masked hypertension among pre-hypertensive individuals, ABPM seems helpful in early identification and management of masked hypertension in the pre-hypertensive population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Body Mass Index; Circadian Rhythm; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disease Management; Echocardiography; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Masked Hypertension; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Systole; Waist Circumference; Young Adult
PubMed: 26818410
DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1047951 -
Current Hypertension Reports Jan 2015Recent guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypertension reversed the historical trend to recommend lower blood pressure (BP) thresholds to diagnose... (Review)
Review
Recent guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypertension reversed the historical trend to recommend lower blood pressure (BP) thresholds to diagnose hypertension in high-risk individuals, such as patients with diabetes and elderly patients. The decision to raise the BP thresholds for diagnosis of hypertension in patients with diabetes was mostly based on the findings of the ACCORD trial. Nonetheless, the results of the ACCORD trial are within the predicted benefit to prevent coronary artery disease and stroke by meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT), particularly in regard to the prevention of stroke. The Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) did not address prehypertension. There are many RCT done in individuals with prehypertension and concomitant cardiovascular disease showing the benefit of treatment of these patients. Trials exploring the efficacy of interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease in individuals with prehypertension free of cardiovascular disease would be hardly feasible in face of the low absolute risk of these individuals. Considering the risks of prehypertension for cardiovascular disease and the fast progression to hypertension of a large proportion of individuals with prehypertension, it is worth to consider drug treatment for individuals with prehypertension. RCT showed that the progression to hypertension can be partially halted by BP-lowering agents. These and ongoing clinical trials are herein revised. Prehypertension may be a window of opportunity to prevent hypertension and its cardiovascular consequences.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Disease Progression; Humans; Hypertension; Prehypertension
PubMed: 25432897
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0505-1 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2016We aimed to assess the prevalence of prehypertension and its associated factors in a population of Congolese pre and postmenopausal women.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the prevalence of prehypertension and its associated factors in a population of Congolese pre and postmenopausal women.
METHODS
We had consecutively recruited 200 women (100 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal) aged 40 - 60 years at the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kinshasa Hospital, and AKRAM Medical Center in Kinshasa, DRC. An interview was carried out using a questionnaire that comprised questions related to lifestyle, menses characteristics, medical history of diabetes, CVD, hypertension, current antihypertensive medication and use of traditional medicine. In addition, physical examination and biological measurements were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess associated factors with prehypertension.
RESULTS
Of the participants, 34% were normotensive, 38.5 % prehypertensive and 27.5% hypertensive. Compared to normal blood pressure, prehypertension was common in the older (age>50 years of age) women. Menopause, the use of traditional medicine and older age were associated with prehypertension. However, only menopause (aOR: 2.71; 95%CI: 1.10-3.52) and the use of traditional medicine (aOR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.07-4.7) remained associated with prehypertension in a multivariate logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that prehypertension is common among Congolese menopausal women, and that menopause and the use of traditional medicine were the main factors associated with prehypertension.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Life Style; Logistic Models; Medicine, African Traditional; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Prehypertension; Premenopause; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 28479890
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i4.14 -
Minerva Pediatrica Jun 2017Hypertension (HTN) is a late outcome of congenital or acquired renal scar. We used ambulatory blood pressure to assess the early blood pressure abnormalities in children...
BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is a late outcome of congenital or acquired renal scar. We used ambulatory blood pressure to assess the early blood pressure abnormalities in children with history of urinary tract infection with various degrees of renal scars.
METHODS
Between 2009 and 2011, 60 (45 females, 15 males) children aged 5-15 years and height equal or more than 120 cm with previous history of febrile urinary tract infection were entered into the study. All children went on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-H ABPM). Updated classification of 24-H ABPM was used to interpret the results.
RESULTS
Masked hypertension was detected in 5% of cases, hypertension in 8.4%, and white coat hypertension in 11.7%. Pre-hypertension was seen in 23.3% of children. There was significant correlation between abnormal blood pressure and the severity of renal parenchymal scar (r=0.39, P value=0.004), vesicoureteral reflux (r= 0.34, P value=0.009), microalbuminuria (r= 0.39, P value=0.004), and carotid intima media thickness (r=0.41, P value=0.006).
CONCLUSIONS
This study revealed the utility of 24-H ABPM in early detection of hypertension and pre-hypertension in children with severe renal scars and past history of urinary tract infection.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Child; Child, Preschool; Cicatrix; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Male; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Urinary Tract Infections; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
PubMed: 28452212
DOI: 10.23736/S0026-4946.16.04217-1 -
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal =... Nov 2022Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
BACKGROUND
Cases of noncommunicable (NCD) diseases are increasing in Pakistan. They are responsible for 58% of all deaths and information on the risk factors is lacking.
AIMS
To determine the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and abnormal heart rate and their risk factors in a multiethnic, low-income area of Lahore.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in an urban settlement of Lahore in 2018-2019. Eligible participants were aged ≥ 30 years and resident in selected settlements. We used a modified World Health Organization stepwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of 906 residents. The modified questionnaire had a Cronbach alpha of 80.0%. Participants were interviewed in their homes and their height, weight, heart rate, and hip circumference were measured.
RESULTS
Most of the respondents were women (64.5%). The greatest proportion of the participants were aged 30-39 years (42.4%). Of all the respondents, 40.1% had hypertension, 15.8% had diabetes and 17.0% had ischaemic heart disease. Of the risk factors examined, 68.8% of the respondents were overweight or obese, 37.0% had pre-hypertension, 13.6% used tobacco, and 1.8% used alcohol. Age was the most significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. Body mass index was significantly associated with diabetes in women, while family history of diabetes was significantly associated with diabetes in men.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was higher among our study participants in Lahore than reported in the national statistics. Significant proportions of the respondents had pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes, making them vulnerable to serious complications of hypertension and diabetes.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Noncommunicable Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prehypertension; Pakistan; Risk Factors; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypertension; Prevalence
PubMed: 36515443
DOI: 10.26719/emhj.22.083 -
The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical... 2017Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an epidemic with many recognised risk factors. However, the role of pre-hypertension in CKD is yet to be fully studied in our...
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become an epidemic with many recognised risk factors. However, the role of pre-hypertension in CKD is yet to be fully studied in our environment.
OBJECTIVES
We set out to determine the magnitude of pre-hypertension and traditional CKD risk factors. We also determined their relationships to proteinuria.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in two urban local government areas (Akure South and Ondo West) in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria in March 2014. A total of 1,183 adults (M:F, 0.63:1) were studied. Their bio-data, history of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, herbal usage, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), diabetes and hypertension were obtained. A total of 1,183 adults (M:F, 0.63:1) blood pressure (BP) and anthropometry were determined. Urinalysis was conducted using Combi-Uriscreen® 10SL. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0.
RESULTS
A total of 1183 adults (M:F, 1:1.6) were studied with a mean age of 44.7 ± 17.4 years. Their mean systolic BP, diastolic BP and body mass index were 129.6 ± 23.7 mmHg, 79.8 ± 14 mmHg and 26.2 ± 5.8 kg/m2, respectively. Pre-hypertension was present in 32.3% of the subjects, while hypertension was present in 43.4% of the subjects; 6.2% gave history of diabetes, 4.5% smoked cigarette, 68.3% used herbs and 44.1% used NSAIDs. Proteinuria was present in 25.9% of the subjects, while haematuria was present in 1.7% of the subjects. BP and age showed significant association to proteinuria.
CONCLUSION
Pre-hypertension and known risk factors of CKD are prevalent in the people of Ondo State, Nigeria. Individuals with persistent pre-hypertension should be routinely screened for CKD and referred to the Nephrologist for early intervention.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Proteinuria; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28492206
DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_161_16 -
Future Cardiology Jan 2013Hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (pre-HTN) have been identified as independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, increased psychosocial... (Review)
Review
Hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (pre-HTN) have been identified as independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, increased psychosocial stress and work stress have contributed to the increased prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN, in addition to the contribution of obesity, diabetes, poor food habits and physical inactivity. Irrespective of the etiology, sympathetic overactivity has been recognized as the main pathophysiologic mechanism in the genesis of HTN and pre-HTN. Sympathovagal imbalance owing to sympathetic overactivity and vagal withdrawal is reported to be the basis of many clinical disorders. However, the role played by vagal withdrawal has been under-reported. In this review, we have analyzed the pathophysiologic involvement of sympathovagal imbalance in the development of HTN and pre-HTN, and the link of sympathovagal imbalance to cardiovascular dysfunctions. We have emphasized that adaptation to a healthier lifestyle will help improve sympathovagal homeostasis and prevent the occurrence of HTN and pre-HTN.
Topics: Homeostasis; Humans; Hypertension; Life Style; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 23259475
DOI: 10.2217/fca.12.80