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Hormone Research Jan 2009Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) results from sex steroid exposure by a process other than activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is much less... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) results from sex steroid exposure by a process other than activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It is much less common than central precocious puberty and may be congenital or acquired. Causes of PPP range from well-characterized genetic mutations to those conditions without a known etiology (idiopathic). Medical evaluation and treatment of affected children is guided by the presenting features and ultimate diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Carefully executed and collaborative multicenter investigations are essential to expand our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology, optimal therapy and ultimate outcomes in children with PPP.
Topics: Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 19153509
DOI: 10.1159/000178041 -
The Journal of Urology Aug 1953
Topics: Humans; Puberty; Puberty, Precocious; Sexual Maturation
PubMed: 13070353
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)67910-2 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Feb 2009In consideration of the large number of the rapid advances in this area, it seems appropriate to highlight some of the recent studies that address factors involved in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
In consideration of the large number of the rapid advances in this area, it seems appropriate to highlight some of the recent studies that address factors involved in the decision to treat a child with central precocious puberty, and two recent advances in drug therapy.
RECENT FINDINGS
There are still many areas of uncertainty regarding treatment of central precocious puberty, including the hormonal test results that support the diagnosis, the best way to predict adult height, and the effect of the age of the child on the amount of height gained during treatment (adult height minus predicted height). Many studies show that children with onset of symptoms before age 6 benefit the most, but a recent study showed no difference in height benefit between girls initially seen at at least 7 or more than 7 years. Two reports indicate that greater delay from the onset of puberty to the start of therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue has a negative effect on adult height. Although there has been considerable experience with monthly injections of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues to suppress pubertal development, recent studies show that a slower released formulation given every 3 months is also effective in the majority of patients. The newest form of therapy involves a subcutaneous implant of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue histrelin, which gives excellent gonadotropin suppression for 12 months.
SUMMARY
Treatment of central precocious puberty continues to be a very active area of clinical investigation, but there are still unresolved questions that future studies will need to address.
Topics: Adult; Body Height; Breast; Child; Female; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Luteolytic Agents; Male; Puberty, Precocious; Sex Characteristics; Triptorelin Pamoate
PubMed: 19104235
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328320a650 -
Pediatrics in Review Jan 2000
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 10617758
DOI: 10.1542/pir.21-1-10 -
Clinical Endocrinology Jun 1995
Topics: Child; Female; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Humans; Male; Ovary; Puberty, Precocious; Ultrasonography; Uterus
PubMed: 7634507
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02693.x -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2022precocious puberty is defined as the development of sexual characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and 9 years of age in boys. The purpose of our study was to...
INTRODUCTION
precocious puberty is defined as the development of sexual characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and 9 years of age in boys. The purpose of our study was to describe the clinical, paraclinical and etiological profile of precocious puberty.
METHODS
we conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 1999 to 2017 in the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit at the Rabat Children's Hospital.
RESULTS
ninety-nine children were included in the study. The average age of girls was 4.25 ± 2.6 years, while that of boys was 3.6 ± 1.8 years. There was a female predominance (90%; 90 girls). The telltale signs in girls were dominated by breast development (77.77%). In boys, the most common reason for consultation was pubic hair (70%). Biologically, in central precocious puberty, the mean peak LH level after GnRH stimulation was high (17 IU/L) with a mean peak LH to peak FSH ratio of 1.30. The causes included: dissociated early puberty (60.60%), pathological early puberty (39.40%). In the latter, we noted a predominance of precocious pseudopuberty (58.98%). Concerning the central precocious puberty, idiopathic central precocious puberty was the most common etiology in girls (62.5%). In all boys, central nervous system lesion was found.
CONCLUSION
our study confirms that central pathological precocious puberty is often related to a lesion of the central nervous system in boys, thus justifying systematic brain imaging.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Puberty, Precocious; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36160278
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.42.149.29289 -
Die Pharmazie Nov 2021Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder, and the typical phenotype includes intractable epileptic seizures and severe mental retardation, in particular, a rapid... (Review)
Review
Rett syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder, and the typical phenotype includes intractable epileptic seizures and severe mental retardation, in particular, a rapid regression in language and limited progress in psychomotor development. Premature breast and pubic hair development and advanced bone age are signs of precocious puberty (PP), defined as puberty occurring before 8 years of age in girls. There are rare reports about precious puberty associated with Rett syndrome. Herein, we report the case of a patient with Rett syndrome with precocious puberty. Her first signs of PP occurred 6 months prior to presentation (at 7.5 years old), and the laboratory measurements, including tests of bone age and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, were positive for PP. PP was controlled after treatment with leuprorelin 3.75 mg for one year. In addition, the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of previously reported cases of Rett syndrome with precocious puberty are reviewed and summarized.
Topics: Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Puberty, Precocious; Rett Syndrome
PubMed: 34782041
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2021.1747 -
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of central precocious puberty; a narrative review.Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology &... Feb 2024Central precocious puberty (CPP) is the premature activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in the early development of secondary sexual... (Review)
Review
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is the premature activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in the early development of secondary sexual characteristics. CPP classically occurs before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. The aetiology of this precocious onset of puberty is governed by complex mechanistic interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The rates of CPP have been documented to have been rising before the COVID-19 pandemic; despite this, the incidence of CPP has increased exponentially since the start of the pandemic. There are multiple theories potentially explaining this change in incidence of CPP over COVID-19. These include the direct effect of SARS-coV-2 infection, increasing body mass index of adolescents over sequential lockdowns, changes in sleep patterns, increased use of electronic devices and levels of stress, and additionally potential earlier detection of signs of CPP by parents and carers. Whilst there is evidence from observational cohorts, case studies and animal models for each of these factors, it is difficult to definitively prove which has had the greatest impact due to the mainly retrospective nature of the human research that has been conducted. Moreover, studies set in diverse settings with varying population make comparison complex. Additionally, each country responded differently to the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdowns varied between locations, hence the effect of lockdown was not equal or universal. Despite this, similar trends have been identified, with various lifestyle changes that occurred over the pandemic being potentially influential factors on the development of CPP.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Adolescent; Child; COVID-19; Puberty, Precocious; Pandemics; Retrospective Studies; Incidence; SARS-CoV-2; Communicable Disease Control; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
PubMed: 38097507
DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0507 -
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of... Apr 2006
Review
Topics: Biomarkers; Buserelin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Leuprolide; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Prognosis; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 16689292
DOI: No ID Found -
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ... Apr 2006Precocious puberty is usually defined as the appearance of secondary sexual development before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Precocious puberty is a... (Review)
Review
Precocious puberty is usually defined as the appearance of secondary sexual development before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Precocious puberty is a heterogenous condition generally divided into central and peripheral forms driven respectively by hypothalamic-pituitary axis or by excessive production of sex steroids. Taking into account the risk associated with the underlying disorder as well as the impact of precocious puberty on stature growth and development of reproductive and mental functions, this condition has important consequences for affected children and their families. In this paper, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological features, and treatment of the disorders leading to precocious puberty are reviewed. Particular attention is devoted to the results of the recently published studies.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Puberty, Precocious
PubMed: 16886580
DOI: No ID Found