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Nutrients May 2024This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy... (Review)
Review
Do Precision and Personalised Nutrition Interventions Improve Risk Factors in Adults with Prediabetes or Metabolic Syndrome? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy (MNT), in improving outcomes related to glycaemic control (HbA1c, post-prandial glucose [PPG], and fasting blood glucose), anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference [WC]), blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), and dietary intake among adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Six databases were systematically searched (Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to 16 April 2023. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria were used to assess the risk of bias. Seven RCTs ( = 873), comprising five PPN and two MNT interventions, lasting 3-24 months were included. Consistent and significant improvements favouring PPN and MNT interventions were reported across studies that examined outcomes like HbA1c, PPG, and waist circumference. Results for other measures, including fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, blood lipids, BP, and diet, were inconsistent. Longer, more frequent interventions yielded greater improvements, especially for HbA1c and WC. However, more research in studies with larger sample sizes and standardised PPN definitions is needed. Future studies should also investigate combining MNT with contemporary PPN factors, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolomic, and metagenomic data.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Blood Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Therapy; Precision Medicine; Prediabetic State; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Waist Circumference; Young Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38794717
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101479 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Dec 2017Prediabetes is a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder that extends beyond glucose control. Current studies have found that microvascular disease (neuropathy,... (Review)
Review
Prediabetes is a complex multifactorial metabolic disorder that extends beyond glucose control. Current studies have found that microvascular disease (neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy), macrovascular disease (stroke, coronary artery disease, and peripheral vascular disease), periodontal disease, cognitive dysfunction, blood pressure changes, obstructive sleep apnea, low testosterone level, fatty liver disease, and cancer are some of conditions that are present with the onset of glycemic dysregulation. The presence of prediabetes increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes 3-fold to 10-fold. The identification and treatment of prediabetes are imperative to prevent or delay the progression to type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 29080583
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2017.07.011 -
JAMA Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 38038994
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.17846 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Nov 2014
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Physical Examination; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25579136
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Hypertension Reports Dec 2014The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic disorder affecting 5-10 % of premenopausal women. These patients gather multiple cardiovascular risk factors... (Review)
Review
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hyperandrogenic disorder affecting 5-10 % of premenopausal women. These patients gather multiple cardiovascular risk factors from early ages. Hence, PCOS is currently considered a paradigm of cardiometabolic disease. Research about its pathogenesis has grown over the last years, covering from the potential fetal developmental programming to the molecular basis of adipose tissue dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, sympathetic hyperactivity, and endothelial dysfunction. All these abnormalities put these patients at an increased risk of vascular events. Thus, practitioners attending these women must have a broad pathophysiological knowledge of PCOS. We here review recent scientific insights about its cardiometabolic phenotype focusing on the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. We emphasize that a diagnosis of PCOS, especially if accompanied by excess weight, must be followed by a complete and periodical cardiometabolic evaluation and by the aggressive management of the abnormalities identified, with the aim of preventing future cardiovascular morbidity.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Prehypertension
PubMed: 25304109
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0500-6 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2016Prediabetes, defined by blood glucose levels between normal and diabetic levels, is increasing rapidly worldwide. This abnormal physiologic state reflects the rapidly... (Review)
Review
Prediabetes, defined by blood glucose levels between normal and diabetic levels, is increasing rapidly worldwide. This abnormal physiologic state reflects the rapidly changing access to high-calorie food and decreasing levels of physical activity occurring worldwide, with resultant obesity and metabolic consequences. This is particularly marked in developing countries. Prediabetes poses several threats; there is increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and there are risks inherent to the prediabetes state, including microvascular and macrovascular disease. Studies have helped to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of prediabetes and to establish the potential for treating prediabetes and preventing T2DM.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Obesity; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 27823603
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.06.007 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552499
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9964 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552502
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9959 -
JAMA Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 37552503
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.9956 -
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders Dec 2022While the number of individuals with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, only a few studies have reported differences in cardiovascular risk...
While the number of individuals with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, only a few studies have reported differences in cardiovascular risk according to the presence or absence of MetS in individuals with prediabetes. Here, we examined differences in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaques in individuals with prediabetes with or without MetS among subjects who visited a single center in Seoul (Huh Diabetes Center). A total of 328 participants aged ≥20 years, including the group with normoglycemia, were enrolled in the analysis, of which 273 had prediabetes. Individuals with prediabetes were defined as those who met one or more of the following two criteria: fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c level of 5.7%-6.4%. Carotid atherosclerosis was determined by mean and maximal CIMT and by the presence of carotid plaques. Eighty-nine subjects (32.6% of prediabetes group) were categorized as having MetS. Those with MetS had significantly higher mean CIMT and maximal CIMT than those without ( < 0.05). Moreover, the group with MetS had a significantly higher prevalence of carotid plaques than the group without MetS [odds ratio (OR): 2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43-4.19; = 0.001]. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, individuals with MetS still had greater mean and maximal CIMT than individuals without MetS ( < 0.05), and the presence of MetS was significantly associated with a higher risk of carotid plaques (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.06-6.15; = 0.037). These results suggest that MetS is independently associated with increased CIMT and the presence of carotid plaques in prediabetes. Our study indicates that the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is high in prediabetic individuals with MetS, and that more attention is needed on the risk of CVD in these individuals.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Carotid Artery Diseases
PubMed: 36251877
DOI: 10.1089/met.2022.0040