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The Journal of the Royal College of... Feb 1976Among 1,041 women fitted with intra-uterine contraceptive devices during a period of 21,445 months there were 51 pregnancies: a rate of 2.9 per hundred women years....
Among 1,041 women fitted with intra-uterine contraceptive devices during a period of 21,445 months there were 51 pregnancies: a rate of 2.9 per hundred women years. Pregnancy occurred most commonly in the young and nulliparous. The importance of the patient checking her device is stressed. Pregnancy occurs most commonly soon after fitting, but may occur at any time. In more than half the cases pregnancy occurred with the device in the uterus. Though most pregnancies were uterine there was a high incidence of ectopic pregnancies. Many pregnancies ended in vaginal delivery, but since the Abortion Act 1967 fewer probably now go to term.
Topics: Age Factors; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 1255551
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Perinatal Medicine Feb 2017Multi-fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) is an ethically acceptable procedure aimed to increase survival and well-being of the remaining fetuses from high-order multiple...
Multi-fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) is an ethically acceptable procedure aimed to increase survival and well-being of the remaining fetuses from high-order multiple gestations. In most cases we offer the procedure to triplets or quadruplets and opt to preserve twins; lately, the option to maintain a single fetus was suggested. We examined the outcomes of 140 pregnancies that underwent MFPR in our center and were followed to delivery - 105 were reduced to twins and 35 to singletons. The rate of procedure-related pregnancy loss was identical (2.9%). Leaving only one fetus was associated with a higher gestational age at delivery (35.4±2.4 weeks vs. 37.7±2.1 weeks, P<0.0001), with heavier neonates (2222 g vs. 3017 g, P<0.0001) and with a reduction in the cesarean section (CS) rate (76% in twins vs. 51.4% in singletons, P=0.02). Six pregnancies reduced to twins (5.8%) ended before 32 weeks as compared to one pregnancy reduced to a singleton. We conclude that reduction of triplets to singletons is medically and ethically acceptable, after thorough counseling of patients. However, considering the pregnancy loss risk of MFPR and the relatively good outcome of twin gestations, reduction of twins to singletons is ethically acceptable only in extraordinary maternal or fetal conditions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal; Pregnancy, Triplet; Pregnancy, Twin
PubMed: 27219098
DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0058 -
The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Sep 2001To determine social and behavioral consequences of pregnancy and how these differed according to the pregnancy outcome (live birth or abortion) 1 year after the event.
PURPOSE
To determine social and behavioral consequences of pregnancy and how these differed according to the pregnancy outcome (live birth or abortion) 1 year after the event.
METHODS
This was a prospective study of two groups of young women aged 12-18 years, one attending prenatal services and the other admitted for abortion complications at the same hospital in northeast Brazil. Adolescents who gave birth were subsequently classified as having intended or unintended pregnancies, and those who aborted were divided between those who terminated their pregnancies and those who miscarried. Baseline data were collected between 1995 and 1997 from all teens who met the eligibility criteria. Information was collected through one-on-one interviews using a questionnaire that was structured and precoded. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify characteristics that predicted outcomes at 1 year.
RESULTS
Teens who terminated their pregnancies were the most likely to be in school or working 1 year later. They also showed the greatest increase in self-esteem. The young mothers, however, had the highest self-esteem but perceived the impact of pregnancy on their lives as being more negative than they did initially. Group affiliation was not associated with the quality of partner relationships, which tended to deteriorate over time. The young mothers used contraception at 1 year at higher rates and had experienced fewer subsequent pregnancies than the two abortion groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The experience of adolescent pregnancy for this group of teens produced mixed findings, some more negative than others. Interventions to decrease the adolescent's desire to have a baby will have to be tailored differently from those designed to prevent an unintended pregnancy, but both are needed.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Brazil; Child; Cohort Studies; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Prenatal Care; Research Design
PubMed: 11524222
DOI: 10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00215-4 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and... Dec 2021To prospectively investigate perinatal grief in women with pregnancy loss.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively investigate perinatal grief in women with pregnancy loss.
METHODS
A total of 215 women (mean (SD) age: 30.7 (5.9) years) who experienced pregnancy loss were included. Data on sociodemographic, marital and obstetric characteristics and Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS) (first 48 h, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after the loss) were recorded.
RESULTS
Active grief scores were lower ( ranged < .05 to <.01), while difficulty coping ( < .05 for each) and despair ( < .05 for each) scores were higher in the 3rd month as compared with prior assessments. All PGS scores at the 48 h and 3rd month assessments were significantly higher in assisted and planned pregnancies ( < .01 for each). Maternal age was positively correlated with 48 h active grief ( = 0.19, < .001), despair ( = 0.13, < .05) and total PGS ( = 0.13, < .05) scores. Parity and the number of children were negatively correlated ( ranged from -0.35 to -0.20, < .01 for each) with all PGS scores.
CONCLUSION
Our findings revealed decrease in active grief levels, whereas gradual increase in difficulty coping and despair in women with pregnancy loss within the first 3 months of losing a child. Our finding indicate association of older maternal age, primiparity, assisted and planned pregnancies with regular antenatal follow up with higher total PGS scores as well as active grief, difficulty coping and despair scores in women regardless of the time of assessment within 3 months after the pregnancy loss.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Child; Female; Grief; Humans; Infant; Parity; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32370579
DOI: 10.1080/0167482X.2020.1759543 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Jan 2015To investigate unconscious dynamics in women pregnant with twins, using Lüscher's color test to objectively measure subjective color preferences, and compare them with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To investigate unconscious dynamics in women pregnant with twins, using Lüscher's color test to objectively measure subjective color preferences, and compare them with women with singleton pregnancies.
METHODS
The color test was administered to 50 Italian women with twin pregnancies and 100 women with singleton pregnancies.
RESULTS
Both the twin and singleton pregnancy groups said that violet was their favorite color (50 versus 49%) and brown was their least favorite color (52 versus 44%), indicating that they idealized being pregnant, but also found it physically stressful. The twin pregnancy group chose yellow as their second favorite (28 versus 17%) and were most likely to combine it with their first choice of violet (44 versus 19%, p=0.0006), indicating that they were worried about their relationships with their new babies and wanted to give birth soon. In addition, both groups preferred form 6, the sine curve on a dark background, but rejected the associated brown color 6, revealing that the women felt the need to look after themselves.
CONCLUSIONS
Both groups idealized being pregnant, but also found it physically stressful. However, the twin pregnancy group was afraid of building relationships with their babies and wanted to give birth soon.
Topics: Adult; Choice Behavior; Color; Color Perception; Color Perception Tests; Emotions; Female; Humans; Patient Preference; Personality; Personality Assessment; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Twin; Unconscious, Psychology
PubMed: 24660898
DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.907263 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... May 1992Thirty-two multifetal pregnancies were reduced to twin gestations. Our control group was composed of 32 spontaneous twin gestations. The comparison of these two groups... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Thirty-two multifetal pregnancies were reduced to twin gestations. Our control group was composed of 32 spontaneous twin gestations. The comparison of these two groups did not show that the procedure altered obstetrical results as far as duration of gestation, birth weight and rate of dismaturity are concerned.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adult; Birth Weight; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Multiple; Twins
PubMed: 1607057
DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(92)90095-g -
Annals of Epidemiology Apr 2024To determine the impact of abortion legislation on mental health during pregnancy and postpartum and assess whether pregnancy intention mediates associations.
PURPOSE
To determine the impact of abortion legislation on mental health during pregnancy and postpartum and assess whether pregnancy intention mediates associations.
METHODS
We quantified associations between restrictive abortion laws and stress, depression symptoms during and after pregnancy, and depression diagnoses after pregnancy using longitudinal data from Nurses' Health Study 3 in 2010-2017 (4091 participants, 4988 pregnancies) using structural equation models with repeated measures, controlling for sociodemographics, prior depression, state economic and sociopolitical measures (unemployment rate, gender wage gap, Gini index, percentage of state legislatures who are women, Democratic governor).
RESULTS
Restrictive abortion legislation was associated with unintended pregnancies (β = 0.127, p = 0.02). These were, in turn, associated with increased risks of stress and depression symptoms during pregnancy (total indirect effects β = 0.035, p = 0.03; β = 0.029, p = 0.03, respectively, corresponding <1% increase in probability), but not after pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS
Abortion restrictions are associated with higher proportions of unintended pregnancies, which are associated with increased risks of stress and depression during pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38432536
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.02.009 -
Maternal and Child Health Journal Sep 2000Although interest in the intendedness or the planning status of a pregnancy goes back many centuries, it is only since 1941 that questions about these issues have been...
BACKGROUND
Although interest in the intendedness or the planning status of a pregnancy goes back many centuries, it is only since 1941 that questions about these issues have been asked systematically in large-scale surveys. More recently, questions about intendedness have become standard features of the National Survey of Family Growth and of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Interest in and concern about the large numbers of unintended pregnancies reported in those surveys resulted in an Institute of Medicine report on the subject and the inclusion of a national health objective for increasing the proportion of pregnancies that are intended in Healthy People 2000 and Healthy People 2010.
NEEDS
The terms, "intended," "unintended," "mistimed," "wanted," "unwanted," and "planned" are often used without significant attention being paid to their meaning or how they are derived from survey questions. There is a particular need to distinguish between terms that define attitudes and those that define behaviors. In addition, research has revealed that women are often happy despite experiencing an unintended pregnancy and that contraceptive failures do not always result in a report of an unintended pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES
Researchers have begun to ask questions about the meaning of the intendedness concept and its relationship to what women express as their feelings about pregnancies and births. This article, and this entire issue, is an attempt to make the reader aware of the current issues in this area and to suggest additional research that is needed to enable policy makers and program planners to design programs that will better assist couples in meeting their fertility goals.
Topics: Data Collection; Family Characteristics; Family Planning Services; Female; Fertility; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 11097502
DOI: 10.1023/a:1009534612388 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 2005This study was undertaken to report the outcome of pregnancies achieved after ovarian stimulation, including the use of the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, for ovarian...
OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to report the outcome of pregnancies achieved after ovarian stimulation, including the use of the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, for ovarian stimulation.
STUDY DESIGN
A cohort study comparing the outcome of pregnancies achieved after letrozole and other ovarian stimulation treatments with a control group of pregnancies spontaneously conceived without ovarian stimulation.
RESULTS
In 3 tertiary referral centers, there were 394 pregnancy cycles in 345 infertile couples (63 pregnancies with 2.5 mg of letrozole alone or with gonadotropins, 70 pregnancies with 5.0 mg of letrozole, 113 pregnancies with clomiphene alone or with gonadotropins, 110 pregnancies with gonadotropins alone, and 38 pregnancies achieved without ovarian stimulation). Pregnancies conceived after letrozole treatments were associated with similar miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy rates compared with all other groups. In addition, letrozole use was associated with a significantly lower rate of multiple gestation compared with clomiphene citrate.
CONCLUSION
The favorable pregnancy outcome and low multiple gestation rate of aromatase inhibitors for ovarian stimulation is encouraging for the development of these agents as first-line ovulation induction agents.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Aromatase Inhibitors; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Letrozole; Nitriles; Ovulation Induction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Pregnancy, Multiple; Triazoles
PubMed: 15695975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.013 -
Global Journal of Health Science Sep 2015Unwanted pregnancy has affected different aspects of our life. Researchers point out if a child's birth is unwanted, an increase in maternal issues can be observed. The...
BACKGROUND
Unwanted pregnancy has affected different aspects of our life. Researchers point out if a child's birth is unwanted, an increase in maternal issues can be observed. The aim of this study was to describe the women's viewpoints regarding unwanted pregnancy.
METHOD
This qualitative study using content analysis was employed in Shiraz University in 2013-2014. 20 women with unwanted pregnancy were chosen using purposeful sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and trustworthiness of them was evaluated.
RESULTS
Findings of this study, according to the participants' experience, revealed maternal emotions like embarrassment for getting pregnant, mother's own negative affection, concerns about missing family and other children, and terminating the pregnancy through illegal abortion, the husband's disagreement about the termination, blaming themselves for thinking about abortion or illegal abortion, and concern about their guilt feeling. Another finding was family problems like husband's behavior and his negative outlook towards his child and fetus. The next category belonged to anxiety about the future of their child, including economic, social and relational problems, and suppression of the children's logical expectations. The last finding was the lack of maternal emotional support.
CONCLUSIONS
Unwanted pregnancy's effects on the mothers and infants' health are considerable. A closer observation by family and health care providers for unwanted pregnancies and its results is recommended; therefore, they should be taken care of as high risk pregnancies, requiring family support.
Topics: Abortion, Criminal; Emotions; Family Relations; Female; Gravidity; Health Status; Humans; Iran; Mental Health; Perception; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unwanted; Qualitative Research; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 26652070
DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n5p189