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Endocrinology Nov 1948
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 18893713
DOI: 10.1210/endo-43-5-349 -
Social Studies of Science Oct 2016This paper explores the settlement process of one of the most common home diagnostic tools currently in use, the home pregnancy test. The controversial new device...
This paper explores the settlement process of one of the most common home diagnostic tools currently in use, the home pregnancy test. The controversial new device appeared to threaten the jurisdiction of both doctors and Food and Drug Administration regulations, while it aligned with the women's health movement's goals. But this study finds a more nuanced narrative: one of boundaries and positions that at once were blurry, later shifted, and were ultimately aligned without compromising the credibility of doctors or the legal system. To understand this process, the roles of court decisions and regulations are explained by stages of juris-technical accordance. In this case, rather than restricting technological innovation, legal innovation provided pathways for widespread acceptance of the home pregnancy test by various groups. As more tools move from expert users to layperson users, this paper demonstrates the utility of examining existing juris-technical assemblages as we consider the future of self-monitoring and self-diagnosis.
Topics: Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Female; Government Regulation; History, 20th Century; Home Care Services; Humans; Legislation, Medical; Physician's Role; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
PubMed: 28948881
DOI: 10.1177/0306312716664599 -
The American Journal of Emergency... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Triage; Radiography
PubMed: 36182578
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.09.022 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Apr 1991A rapid sensitive urine pregnancy test (SPT) using monoclonal antibody against human chorionic gonadotropin and a conventional urine pregnancy test (GPT) were performed...
A rapid sensitive urine pregnancy test (SPT) using monoclonal antibody against human chorionic gonadotropin and a conventional urine pregnancy test (GPT) were performed in 364 women attending 'Gynecological Emergencies' for lower abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, aiming at early detection of ectopic and intra-uterine pregnancy-related disorders. The overall incidence of a positive test was 24%. In 42 patients, with histopathological evidence of ectopic pregnancy, SPT was positive in 41 (98%), while GPT only in 19 (45%). In 47 patients with evidence of intra-uterine pregnancy-related disorders, SPT was positive in 45 (96%), while GPT in 33 (70%). The sensitive urine pregnancy test can improve significantly the efficiency of the early diagnosis of ectopic and intra-uterine pregnancy-related disorders, and can be used as a screening method for patients having even in the slightest way suspect of having an ectopic pregnancy.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy, Ectopic
PubMed: 2050252
DOI: 10.1016/0028-2243(91)90075-v -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 1977The experience with a new, simple, and sensitive capillary tube pregnancy test requiring no refrigeration is described. The results of this test and other tests are... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The experience with a new, simple, and sensitive capillary tube pregnancy test requiring no refrigeration is described. The results of this test and other tests are compared against histologic results. The 1/2 unit capillary test, defined as having a sensitivity of 0.5 I.U. of HCG per milliliter, had a higher percentage of agreement with histopathologic results (99.65 per cent) than all other tests studied. The false-positive rate was 0.07 per cent and the false-negative rate was 0.28 per cent. In this series of 1,486 tests, 21 cases of pregnancy, identified by a 1/2 unit test, were missed by one or two unit tests. The earliest detection of pregnancy by the 1/2 unit capillary test confirmed by histology was 3 weeks from the last menstrual period (four cases).
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 835638
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(77)90496-3 -
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of... May 1988The records of all patients on whom a casualty department pregnancy test was performed during the first 4 months of 1986 were retrospectively examined and compared with...
The records of all patients on whom a casualty department pregnancy test was performed during the first 4 months of 1986 were retrospectively examined and compared with the records of all patients who in the first 4 months of 1987 had had an instant pregnancy test performed in the same casualty department, to determine the impact of such a kit on diagnostic accuracy, operative procedures and related economic factors. It was demonstrated that instant pregnancy testing significantly improved the accuracy of provisional diagnoses and appeared to help in reducing the number of surgical procedures performed. Furthermore, it was shown that a combination of careful clinical assessment plus the appropriate application of an instant pregnancy test kit could result in a cost saving to the hospital of over $41,000 per annum.
Topics: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests, Immunologic; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Radioimmunoassay; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 2976273
DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1988.tb01642.x -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Sep 1947
Topics: Anura; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 20264656
DOI: 10.1210/jcem-7-9-653 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Jan 1950
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 15408715
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(50)90382-6 -
Reproduction in Domestic Animals =... Aug 2015Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are secreted by the binucleate giant cells of the ruminant placenta and enter maternal circulation at the time of placental attachment. The IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Test (IDEXX, Westbrook, ME) detects a subset of PAG in milk. Although designed as a management tool for dairy cows, there is potential for using the milk PAG test in beef cows. Our objective was to compare the performance of the milk PAG ELISA with a gold standard method for pregnancy diagnosis and determine the agreement between milk and serum PAG analysis in lactating beef cows. Angus and Angus-crossed cows (n = 332) from two Michigan beef herds were enrolled in this study. Cows were subjected either to timed artificial insemination followed by exposure to a bull or exclusively exposed to a bull. The bulls and cows were separated 30 days prior to examination. Serum and milk samples were collected and submitted within 24 h of collection to a commercial laboratory for PAG analysis using the IDEXX Milk Pregnancy Assay (milk) and the IDEXX Bovine Pregnancy Assay (serum). Concurrently with milk and serum collection, each cow was examined transrectally by palpation or ultrasonography. When compared to transrectal examination, the performance (and 95% confidence intervals) of the milk PAG ELISA was sensitivity of 99.7% (99.0-100.0%) and specificity of 80.8% (65.6-95.9%). The lower specificity is likely due to the low prevalence (9.9%) of open cows (n = 30) in the herds examined. Of the 332 cows examined, 1.8% (n = 6) were classified as rechecks using the milk PAG ELISA. Results of the milk and serum PAG ELISA were in high agreement (kappa coefficient = 0.91). The milk PAG ELISA was accurate in predicting pregnancy status using milk collected from beef cattle between days 37 and 125 post-insemination and may be useful for aiding management decisions in beef herds.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gestational Age; Glycoproteins; Insemination, Artificial; Lactation; Male; Milk; Palpation; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy Tests; Rectum; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 26058919
DOI: 10.1111/rda.12546 -
The European Journal of Contraception &... Aug 2019The European Society of Contraception Expert Group on Abortion identified as one of its priorities the need to disseminate up-to-date evidence-based information on the...
The European Society of Contraception Expert Group on Abortion identified as one of its priorities the need to disseminate up-to-date evidence-based information on the use of urine pregnancy tests by women for the self assessment of the success of early medical abortion (EMA). A concise communication was produced which summarises the latest research in an easy-to-read format suitable for busy clinicians. Information about individual urinary pregnancy tests is presented in boxes for ease of reference. Urinary pregnancy tests (low sensitivity, high sensitivity and multilevel) can be used in combination with signs and symptoms of pregnancy to exclude an ongoing pregnancy after EMA. Women are able to determine the success of early medical abortion (EMA) themselves using a combination of signs, symptoms and a urine pregnancy test. This simplifies EMA, expands the range of professionals able to provide EMA and most importantly gives women greater control over their bodies and treatment.
Topics: Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal; Abortion, Induced; Female; Humans; Mifepristone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Self-Assessment
PubMed: 31204845
DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2019.1618446