-
Animal Reproduction Science May 2018The aim of the present study was to compare a Bovine Pregnancy Rapid Test (Ubio quickVET; BPRT) with a commercial ELISA-PAG test (Bovine Pregnancy Test DG29®) for early...
The aim of the present study was to compare a Bovine Pregnancy Rapid Test (Ubio quickVET; BPRT) with a commercial ELISA-PAG test (Bovine Pregnancy Test DG29®) for early pregnancy diagnosis based on the presence of the PAG (pregnancy-associated glycoprotein) in dairy cattle between 30 and 40 days after artificial insemination (AI). Blood samples were collected from 212 cows between 30 and 40 days after artificial insemination (AI) to quantify the concentrations of PAG in each sample. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) diagnosis of pregnancy was conducted at day 45 ± 3 after AI as the reference standard for the two PAG tests. The results indicated the sensitivity (Se) of the BPRT and DG29 for diagnosing pregnant cattle were 89.4% and 100%, respectively while the specificity (Sp) of the two tests for diagnosis of non-pregnant animals was 89.8% and 81.3%, respectively. Based on these results, the BPRT has a slightly lesser sensitivity and greater specificity than the DG29 test. Moreover, the accuracy of both tests was 94% and 90% respectively for DG29 and BPRT. This implies that the BPRT test could be considered an accurate test when compared to PAG-ELISA test and TRUS at days 30-40 after AI. The BPRT test, therefore, can be used as an alternative to the PAG-ELISA test with some constraints that need to be considered with its use.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 29525209
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.016 -
Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 2005The universities are encouraged by the government nowadays to stimulate innovations and also to provide the proper machinery for assisting the protection and...
The universities are encouraged by the government nowadays to stimulate innovations and also to provide the proper machinery for assisting the protection and commercialisation of innovations. A better understanding of the innovation process may help to create an atmosphere suitable for inventions at the university. Examples can be taken from successful innovations previously made at the university. During the 1960's I made a series of inventions, which ultimately led to the development of the diagnostic test kit industry. The first, which I made as an undergraduate, was a simple and reliable test kit for diagnosis of pregnancy. This was followed by the solid phase radioimmunoassay and a solid phase assay for vitamin B12; next, the dual specific non-competitive sandwich assay and the in-vitro test for diagnosis of allergy, called RAST (Radioallergosorbent test). Organon in Holland with the pregnancy test kit, and Pharmacia in Sweden with test kits for radioimmunoassay, became pioneers among the diagnostic test kit industries. Pharmacia Diagnostics later became one of the leading diagnostic test kit companies in the world and has continued to be so in the field of allergy diagnosis. Each one of these inventions started with a few unique observations leading to a technical development. The pregnancy test as well as the allergy test emerged from the development of assay methods with unique qualities with the subsequent search for appropriate applications. The foreseeing of a commercial value on a future market was a very important step. This was followed by the search for a suitable industry interested to exploit the invention with its new business opportunity i.e. apply for a patent, produce and market the products, which in my case consisted of the necessary reagents and equipments for particular diagnostic tests. Finally, an agreement had to be settled between the entrepreneur and the inventors. This report describes these inventions and particularly discusses some crucial steps of the innovation processes.
Topics: Binding, Competitive; Dextrans; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Drug Industry; Erythrocytes; Female; Freeze Drying; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Immunoassay; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 16454158
DOI: 10.3109/2000-1967-066 -
The Australian & New Zealand Journal of... Dec 2023Follow-up after early medical abortion (EMA) in Australia often entails tracking serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels or performing ultrasonography in-clinic. In... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Follow-up after early medical abortion (EMA) in Australia often entails tracking serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels or performing ultrasonography in-clinic. In other countries, methods of follow-up such as using a low-sensitivity urine pregnancy test (LSUPT), telephone evaluation and a questionnaire have been demonstrated to be safe and acceptable.
AIMS
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of telephone follow-up after EMA using an LSUPT and questionnaire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A prospective observational cohort study of patients undergoing telephone follow-up after EMA using an LSUPT and questionnaire was conducted from March 26 to July 31, 2020. Outcomes of patients who returned to clinic because of a positive LSUPT were evaluated and adverse event rates were calculated. Routinely collected adverse event information was used to compare complication rates during the evaluation period with that prior to introduction of the LSUPT.
RESULTS
During the study period, 2223 patients underwent the new protocol. One hundred and ninety-seven patients had a positive LSUPT at their telephone follow-up. One hundred and thirty-two had an incomplete abortion, 11 had a continuing pregnancy, 53 had a complete abortion and one left the clinic before full assessment.
CONCLUSIONS
Introduction of telephone follow-up with an at-home LSUPT reduced the number of patients requiring unnecessary clinic appointments, with over 90% of patients completing their follow-up at home. Complication rates during the study period were found to be at least comparable with previously identified organisational adverse events.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Follow-Up Studies; Prospective Studies; Abortion, Induced; Pregnancy Tests; Abortion, Spontaneous; Telephone; Misoprostol
PubMed: 37452451
DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13731 -
MCN. the American Journal of Maternal... 2004Many adolescents use home pregnancy tests when they suspect pregnancy. However, because of developmental issues and greater variation in menstrual cycles, teens are at... (Review)
Review
Many adolescents use home pregnancy tests when they suspect pregnancy. However, because of developmental issues and greater variation in menstrual cycles, teens are at risk for obtaining false-negative test results. Moreover, with teens, the need for a pregnancy test often accompanies the need for comprehensive reproductive care including evaluation for sexually transmitted infections and contraception. This article reviews the mechanisms of home pregnancy testing including sensitivity, accuracy, and home testing procedures. Clinical strategies for improving the accuracy of home pregnancy tests for teen users are discussed. Lastly, policy implications to improve teens' access to more accurate pregnancy testing and to reproductive health services are suggested.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Female; Humans; Maternal-Child Nursing; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Self Care; Sex Education
PubMed: 14734965
DOI: 10.1097/00005721-200401000-00013 -
Journal of the American Medical... Sep 1948
Topics: Amphibians; Animals; Biological Assay; Female; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 18879287
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1948.02900020017006 -
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy Feb 2004To review the literature concerning ovulation prediction devices and pregnancy detection tests for home use. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature concerning ovulation prediction devices and pregnancy detection tests for home use.
DATA SOURCES
Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966-May 2003), EMBASE (1980-May 2003), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2003) databases using the key words ovulation, ovulation detection, pregnancy test, diagnostic reagent kit, and diagnostic test. Additional references were located through review of the bibliographies of the articles found in the literature search. Searches were not limited by time restriction, language, or use of human or animal subjects.
STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
Review articles, textbook chapters, and experimental and observational studies on home use ovulation and pregnancy tests were selected.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Luteinizing hormone (LH)-based ovulation tests have demonstrated accurate and superior ovulation detection when compared to basal body temperature charting, calendar calculation, salivary ferning, or observation of vaginal or cervical discharge changes. Systems using LH and estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G) have also demonstrated accurate detection of the fertile period. Literature evaluating home use of pregnancy tests has demonstrated accurate use by lay persons.
CONCLUSIONS
Urinary-based ovulation prediction and pregnancy detection tests available for use by nonprofessionals enable women and couples to take an active role in the family planning process. Numerous products are available at reasonable costs to the consumer.
Topics: Female; Humans; Ovulation; Ovulation Detection; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
PubMed: 14742773
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1D210 -
Archiv Fur Gynakologie 1951
Topics: Animals; Female; Helminthiasis; Helminths; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 13031554
DOI: 10.1007/BF00985867 -
Fertility and Sterility Jan 1951
Topics: Biological Assay; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 14802468
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)30429-0 -
The American Journal of Physiology Nov 1950
Topics: Animals; Anura; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Female; Gonadotropins; Neoplasms; Pregnancy Tests
PubMed: 14789997
DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1950.163.2.294 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Mar 1998Due to high abortion rates in a low status area in Göteborg, Sweden, a study was performed focused on the pregnancy test. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Due to high abortion rates in a low status area in Göteborg, Sweden, a study was performed focused on the pregnancy test.
METHOD AND MATERIAL
The aim of the study was to facilitate the accessibility of contraceptive counseling offering immediate and extended family planning advice to women with negative pregnancy tests not wishing to become pregnant. There was also an ambition to better understand the lack or inconsistent use of contraceptives and decrease the rate of unwanted pregnancies, which could have an impact on the abortion rates.
RESULTS
In an area with 5,200 women of fertile age immediate and extended family planning advice was offered by midwives to all women with no desire for pregnancy and negative pregnancy test results. During the six month data collection period in 1988-1989, 463 women received such a consultation, of whom 310 did not use any contraceptives at the time of the study. Several reasons, on different explanatory levels, for not using contraception were recognized.
CONCLUSION
The abortion rate declined in the area, and this decline was observed two years earlier than for the rest of Göteborg. This decline, together with the information on contraception behavior received, may indicate that this kind of approach could be successful.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Family Planning Services; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweden
PubMed: 9539280
DOI: 10.1080/j.1600-0412.1998.770313.x