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Pediatrics Feb 2013To examine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among children receiving well-child care in community-based practices.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among children receiving well-child care in community-based practices.
METHODS
Children aged 3 to 17 years with measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure (BP) obtained at an initial (index) well-child visit between July 2007 and December 2009 were included in this retrospective cohort study across 3 large, integrated health care delivery systems. Index BP classification was based on the Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: normal BP, <90th percentile; prehypertension, 90th to 94th percentile; hypertension, 3 BP measurements ≥95th percentile (index and 2 subsequent consecutive visits).
RESULTS
The cohort included 199 513 children (24.3% aged 3-5 years, 34.5% aged 6-11 years, and 41.2% aged 12-17 years) with substantial racial/ethnic diversity (35.9% white, 7.8% black, 17.6% Hispanic, 11.7% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 27.0% other/unknown race). At the index visit, 81.9% of participants were normotensive, 12.7% had prehypertension, and 5.4% had a BP in the hypertension range (≥95th percentile). Of the 10 848 children with an index hypertensive BP level, 3.8% of those with a follow-up BP measurement had confirmed hypertension (estimated 0.3% prevalence). Increasing age and BMI were significantly associated with prehypertension and confirmed hypertension (P < .001 for trend). Among racial/ethnic groups, blacks and Asians had the highest prevalence of hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of hypertension in this community-based study is lower than previously reported from school-based studies. With the size and diversity of this cohort, these results suggest the prevalence of hypertension in children may actually be lower than previously reported.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Physical Examination; Prehypertension; Retrospective Studies; United States
PubMed: 23359583
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-1292 -
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and... Dec 2017Prehypertension and serum uric acid are emerging as independent risk factors for arterial stiffness and may also predict cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have...
Prehypertension and serum uric acid are emerging as independent risk factors for arterial stiffness and may also predict cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the association between serum uric acid and arterial stiffness in hypertensive adults, but there are limited studies in prehypertensive adults. We compared the serum uric acid (SUA) and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) between normotensive and prehypertensive participants. The association between SUA, prehypertension and CAVI were investigated. One hundred and eighteen participants were recruited and divided into two groups according to their blood pressure (normotensive, 53 and prehypertensive, 65). Blood pressure, resting heart rate, pulsatile stress, height, waist circumference and body composition were measured. After an overnight fast, blood samples were collected to measure lipid profile and SUA levels. Arterial stiffness was assessed according to the CAVI. The results showed that the SUA and CAVI of the prehypertensive group were significantly higher than those of the normotensive group. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that CAVI was significantly correlated with age, systolic blood pressure and SUA. Furthermore, prehypertension and high SUA were significantly associated with increased risk of abnormal CAVI (relative risk, 2.696; 95% CI, 1.552-4.683; p < .001). The study demonstrated that prehypertension and high SUA significantly increased the risk of arterial stiffness as assessed by CAVI.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Uric Acid; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 29103322
DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2017.1397287 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Apr 2012Researchers have identified an association between baseline γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and prehypertension. However, data from China are limited. A cross-sectional...
Researchers have identified an association between baseline γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and prehypertension. However, data from China are limited. A cross-sectional study was performed among 2,205 subjects from Heilongjiang Province in China. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed a significant association between baseline GGT and prehypertension [1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-2.16], comparing quartile 4 to quartile 1. Subgroup analyses showed a stronger association between GGT and prehypertension in Koreans; men, current alcohol drinkers and subjects with pre-diabetes. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis demonstrated that when GGT was higher than 20 U/l, the risk of developing prehypertension increased. Serum GGT is used as a biochemical liver test, but our findings suggest that baseline values may also predict prehypertension in Chinese.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prehypertension; ROC Curve; Risk Factors; gamma-Glutamyltransferase
PubMed: 22266633
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.761 -
PloS One 2015Hypertension is a well established cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of prehypertension on risk of CKD is controversial. The aim of this study...
Hypertension is a well established cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effect of prehypertension on risk of CKD is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether prehypertension increases the risk of CKD events in the Chinese population. We enrolled 20,034 with prehypertension and 12,351 with ideal blood pressure in this prospective study. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min 1.73 m2. The new occurrences of CKD events were collected during follow-up. Cumulative survival and freedom for the occurrence of new CKD events was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Multivariate Cox Regression was used to analyze the effect of prehypertension on CKD. The median follow-up time was 47 (interquartile range 44-51) months. 601 new onset CKD events occurred during the follow-up period. The cumulative incidence of new CKD events was higher in the prehypertensive population than that in the ideal blood pressure population (2.10% vs 1.46%, P = 0.0001). Multivariate Cox Regression showed that relative risks (RRs) for the new onset CKD events in the prehypertensive population were 1.69 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.41~2.04, P = 0.001) higher than those in the ideal blood pressure population. Similarly, the risks were 1.68 (95% CI: 1.33~2.13 P = 0.001) times higher in females and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.58~2.91 P = 0.001) times higher in males by adjustment for traditional CV risk factors. Our findings demonstrated prehypertension is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of new CKD events in the Chinese population.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Blood Pressure; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 26670101
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144438 -
Nature Reviews. Cardiology Aug 2015
Topics: Disease Management; Humans; Prehypertension
PubMed: 26149481
DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2015.99 -
PloS One 2014Prehypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. We investigated alterations in plasma metabolites that are associated with prehypertension. A group of 53...
Prehypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. We investigated alterations in plasma metabolites that are associated with prehypertension. A group of 53 individuals was identified who remained within the range of prehypertension during repeated measurements in a 3-year period. This group was compared with the control group of 53 normotensive subjects who were matched for age and gender. Metabolomic profiles were analyzed with UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The prehypertensive group showed higher levels of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) containing C14:0, C16:1, C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0, C20:5, C20:4, C20:3, and C22:6, higher circulating Lp-PLA2 activity, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), interleukin 6 (IL-6), urinary 8-epi-PGF2α, and higher brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), before and after adjusting for BMI, WHR, smoking, alcohol consumption, serum lipid profiles, glucose, and insulin. LysoPC (16:0) was the most important plasma metabolite for evaluating the difference between control and prehypertensive groups, with a variable important in the projection (VIP) value of 17.173, and it showed a positive and independent association with DBP and SBP. In the prehypertensive group, the levels of lysoPC (16:0) positively and significantly correlated with ox-LDL, Lp-PLA2 activity, 8-epi-PGF2α, ba-PWV, and IL-6 before and after adjusting for confounding variables. Prehypertension-associated elevations in lysoPCs, Lp-PLA2 activity, ox-LDL, urinary 8-epi-PGF2α, IL-6, and ba-PWV could indicate increased oxidative stress from Lp-PLA2-catalyzed PC hydrolysis during increased LDL oxidation, thereby enhancing proinflammation and arterial stiffness.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Dinoprost; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Interleukin-6; Lipids; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Metabolome; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Phosphatidylcholines; Prehypertension; Pulse Wave Analysis
PubMed: 24800806
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096735 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Feb 2021Prevalence of pre-hypertension is higher among young adults and may increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity. Music therapy has been investigated... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Prevalence of pre-hypertension is higher among young adults and may increase the risk for hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity. Music therapy has been investigated to reduce the blood pressure in the hypertensive population; however, its efficacy on blood pressure in pre-hypertensive young adults is not known. Thirty pre-hypertensive (systolic blood pressure [SBP] = 120-139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] = 80-89 mmHg) young adults were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups. Music group (N = 15) received music therapy by passive listening to music for 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, along with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan (a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy or unsaturated fat) and limit the daily sodium intake less than 100 mmol/day. The control group (N = 15) practiced only DASH eating plan and sodium restriction. The SBP, DBP, and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention. There was a significant reduction in SBP (8.73 mmHg, p < .001) and HR (6.42 beats/minute, p = .002); however, the reduction in DBP (1.44 mmHg, p = .101) was not statistically significant in the music group. Control group did not exhibit any significant reduction in SBP (0.21 mmHg, p < .836), DBP (0.81 mmHg, p < .395) and HR (0.09 beats/minute, p < .935). In conclusion, music therapy reduced significantly SBP and HR suggesting that it could be a promising tool to prevent the progression of pre-hypertension toward hypertension among young adults.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Music; Prehypertension; Young Adult
PubMed: 33347732
DOI: 10.1111/jch.14126 -
European Journal of Cardiovascular... Apr 2011An increase in cardiovascular (CV) disease has been observed in prehypertensive subjects who frequently carry other cardiovascular risk factors. In Brazil, little is...
BACKGROUND
An increase in cardiovascular (CV) disease has been observed in prehypertensive subjects who frequently carry other cardiovascular risk factors. In Brazil, little is known about prehypertension and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the association between prehypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in a public primary healthcare programme.
METHODS
Associations in this cross-sectional study were estimated on the basis of generalized estimating equations. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) or adjusted odds ratio (OR(a)) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
The 357 participants were classified as normotensive (64.4%) or prehypertensive (35.6%). In a univariate analysis, prehypertension was statistically associated with male gender, age, table salt use, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), uric acid, and all lipids except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. When analysis was performed adjusting for gender, age, and table salt use, the association of each metabolic parameter with prehypertension, remained significant for BMI (OR(a) = 1.097; 95% CI 1.035-1.162), triglycerides (OR(a) = 1.008; 95% CI 1.003-1.013), and uric acid (OR(a) = 1.269; 95% CI 1.023- .576). To check for their independence of obesity, associations of triglycerides and uric acid with prehypertension were reanalysed after adjustment for BMI. The association of triglycerides remained statistically significant. A trend of association was present for uric acid. The prevalence of prehypertension paralleled the increase of the number of risk factors.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertension in Brazil is associated with well-recognized cardiovascular risk factors even in a continuously monitored population such the one under study. Prehypertension can be a valuable clue to alert health professionals to treat underlying perturbations to prevent overt cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Dyslipidemias; Female; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Odds Ratio; Prehypertension; Primary Health Care; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Smoking; Uric Acid; Young Adult
PubMed: 21450670
DOI: 10.1177/1741826710389380 -
American Journal of Hypertension May 2016Prehypertension (blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mm Hg systolic and/or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic) is highly prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk....
BACKGROUND
Prehypertension (blood pressure (BP) of 120-139 mm Hg systolic and/or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic) is highly prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Our goal was to investigate the extent to which prehypertension is associated with end-organ alterations in cardiac structure and function in a large biracial cohort of older men and women.
METHODS
We studied 4,871 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who attended visit 5 (2011-2013) and underwent two-dimensional echocardiography while free of prevalent coronary heart disease or heart failure. We categorized participants into 3 groups: optimal BP (BP <120 mm Hg and <80 mm Hg) (n = 402), prehypertension (n = 537), and hypertension (n = 3,932).
RESULTS
Individuals with prehypertension (75±5 years) had higher left ventricular (LV) mass index and wall thickness, and higher prevalence of abnormal LV geometry than those with optimal BP (74±5 years), but lower than those with frank hypertension (76±5 years). In addition, participants with prehypertension had impairment of diastolic parameters (E/A, E' and E/E'), and had higher prevalence of mild and moderate-severe diastolic dysfunction compared to those with optimal BP, but no differences in systolic parameters. These differences in cardiac structure and function remained significant after adjusting for important clinical covariates.
CONCLUSION
In the ARIC cohort at visit 5, prehypertension was associated with increased LV remodeling and impaired diastolic function, but not systolic function, suggesting that even mildly elevated BP within the normal range is associated with cardiac end-organ damage.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diastole; Echocardiography, Doppler; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left; Ventricular Remodeling
PubMed: 26350299
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv156 -
Journal of the Indian Medical... Feb 2013Prehypertension as an entity has been given Importance after JNC VII report. The magnitude of this problem in India and the importance of recognising prehypertension is...
Prehypertension as an entity has been given Importance after JNC VII report. The magnitude of this problem in India and the importance of recognising prehypertension is slowly growing and getting established. Under these circumstances it was decided to study the prevalence of prehypertension in the city of Belgaum in Karnataka and the literature was reviewed. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of prehypertension in the urban population of Belgaum above thirty years of age. The urban population of Belgaum city was screened for prehypertension and hypertension by measuring blood pressure of all individuals aged 30 years and above. Blood pressure of 52196 persons was checked and the data was analysed. JNC VII criteria was used for defining hypertension, prehypertension and normal blood pressure. Among 52196 persons prehypertension was present in 41.1%, 67.1% were in the age group of 30-50 years. The prevalence was similar in both male and female population. Thirty-three percent of diabetic population had prehypertension. About 22.8% of prehypertensives were obese. Prehypertension is highly prevalent in urban population of India, more often seen in persons below 50 years of age. This study recognises the importance of detection of prehypertension and emphasises the need for mass education on life style modification to prevent the development of hypertension and its complications.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Hypertension; India; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Urban Population
PubMed: 24003569
DOI: No ID Found