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Public Health Nursing (Boston, Mass.) Nov 2020To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension and other associated comorbidities in adolescents living in rural and urban settings in a...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension and other associated comorbidities in adolescents living in rural and urban settings in a mid-Western Canadian province.
DESIGN AND MEASURES
Data reported herein were derived from two cross-sectional studies, whereby adolescents attending either a rural (N = 143) or urban (N = 253) school were screened for blood pressure, anthropometric measures, and blood glucose measurements. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics in addition to chi-square analyses.
RESULTS
Notable prevalence of undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension was found. Adolescents living in urban settings (49%, N = 123) were significantly more likely to have prehypertension/hypertension than rural (23%, N = 33) living adolescents. With regard to other comorbidities, the prevalence of elevated HbA1c in the urban group (32%) was significantly higher than the rural adolescents (19%); however, there was similar prevalence of overweight/obese adolescents between the urban (37%) and rural (36%) groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of adolescent undiagnosed prehypertension/hypertension, elevated blood glucose measurements, and overweight/obesity is concerning in both urban and rural settings. Public health nurses are uniquely positioned in health care to facilitate interventions focused on preventing and managing adolescent prehypertension/hypertension and its associated comorbidities.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Canada; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Nurses, Public Health; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32856345
DOI: 10.1111/phn.12792 -
Journal of Human Hypertension Jan 2020Compared with whites, blacks develop hypertension earlier in life, progress from prehypertension to hypertension at an accelerated rate, and exhibit greater...
Compared with whites, blacks develop hypertension earlier in life, progress from prehypertension to hypertension at an accelerated rate, and exhibit greater hypertension-mediated organ damage (e.g., kidney disease, stroke). In this paper, we tested whether the longitudinal associations between elevated systolic blood pressure and disruption of brain white matter structural integrity differ as a function of race. A community sample of 100 middle-aged adults with prehypertension underwent diffusion imaging to quantify indirect metrics of white matter structural integrity, including fractional anisotropy. Blood pressure and diffusion imaging measurements were collected at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. Regression analyses showed that higher systolic blood pressure at baseline was associated with a decrease in fractional anisotropy over 2 years in blacks only (β = -0.51 [95% CI = -0.85, -0.16], t = -2.93, p = 0.004, ΔR = 0.09). These findings suggest that blacks are more susceptible to the impact of systolic prehypertension on white matter structural integrity.
Topics: Black People; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prehypertension; Prognosis; United States; White Matter; White People
PubMed: 30804463
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0184-0 -
Indian Heart Journal 2018Patients with prehypertension suffer endothelial dysfunction and are at increased cardiovascular risk. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) constitutes an efficient tool for...
UNLABELLED
Patients with prehypertension suffer endothelial dysfunction and are at increased cardiovascular risk. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) constitutes an efficient tool for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease; but also an ABI<0.9 is an independent and positive predictor of endothelial dysfunction and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality.
THE AIM
of this study was testing whether ABI was decreased in prehypertensive patients when compared with normotensive subjects.
METHODS
We included 70 prehypertensive patients older than 19 years, in whom the ABI was registered with a 5 megahertz Doppler (Summit Doppler L250, Life Dop., USA). The highest ankle systolic pressure was divided by the highest brachial systolic pressure. We also included 70 normotensive subjects in whom the ABI was registered in the same way. The measurements were performed by the same physician who was blinded about the study. Statistical analysis was performed with odds ratio and student t-test.
RESULTS
The ABI values in normotensive subjects were 1.023±0.21, whereas prehypertensive patients significantly had lower ABI (0.90±0.14p=0.00012). We found ABI <0.9 in 30 prehypertensive patients (42.85%) and 13 normotensive patients (18.5%). The odds ratio of ABI <0.90 in prehypertensive patients was 3.288 (IC 1.5-7.0, p=0.0023). A regression analysis failed to show any independent association between ABI values and any other clinical parameter.
CONCLUSIONS
Prehypertensive patients had lower ABI and higher prevalence of peripheral artery disease when compared with normotensive subjects; this fact increases their cardiovascular risk. ABI must be included in global evaluation of prehypertensive subjects.
Topics: Adult; Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Male; Mexico; Odds Ratio; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30170644
DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.11.013 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Sep 2018Individuals with prehypertension are at higher risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while the interaction between factors may aggravate...
BACKGROUND
Individuals with prehypertension are at higher risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, while the interaction between factors may aggravate prehypertension risk. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for prehypertension in Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults, and explore the potentially interactive effect of evaluated factors.
METHODS
All the participants that came from a community based cross-sectional survey were investigated in Bengbu, China, by being interviewed with a questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) that reflect participants' obesity were also calculated. In addition, logistic regression model was applied to explore the risk factors of prehypertension, followed by the assessment of the interactive effects between risk factors on prehypertension by the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI).
RESULTS
A total of 1777 participants were enrolled in this study, among which the prevalence of normtension, prehypertension and hypertension were 41.70%, 33.93% and 24.37% respectively. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.02), smoking (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 1.22-2.29), family history of cardiovascular diseases (OR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.14-2.02), general obesity (OR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.15-1.97) and LAP (OR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.76-3.80) were all defined as the major factors that significantly related with the risk of prehypertension. When identifying prehypertension risk, the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves (AUC) analysis indicated that LAP performed better than BMI in males (Z = 2.05, P = 0.03) and females (Z = 2.12, P = 0.03), but was superior to WC only in females (Z = 2.43, P = 0.01). What is more, there were significant interactive effects of LAP with family history of cardiovascular diseases (RERI: 1.88, 95%CI: 0.25-3.51; AP: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.20-0.69; SI: 2.37, 95%CI: 1.22-4.60) and smoking (RERI: 1.99, 95%CI: 0.04-3.93; AP: 0.42, 95%CI: 0.17-0.67; SI: 2.16, 95%CI: 1.68-4.00) on prehypertension risk. The value of AP (0.40, 95%CI: 0.03-0.77) also indicated a significant interaction between family history of cardiovascular diseases and smoking on prehypertension.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertension is currently prevalent in Chinese adults. This study indicated that age, family history of cardiovascular diseases, smoking, general obesity and LAP were significantly related with prehypertension risk. Furthermore, interactive effects on risk of prehypertension had been demonstrated in this study as well, which would help researchers to build strategy against prehypertension more comprehensively and scientifically.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Lipid Accumulation Product; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Pedigree; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 30219041
DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0917-y -
Indian Heart Journal 2012To determine the prevalence of prehypertension in young females and its correlation to various parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist...
BACKGROUND
To determine the prevalence of prehypertension in young females and its correlation to various parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC) and family history, and blood pressure (BP) response to exercise stress testing.
METHODS
One hundred and fifty apparently healthy females of age group 18-25-years were randomly selected from the student population of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, after satisfying all the inclusion criteria and written informed consent. Along with all the anthropometric parameters BMI, WHR, WC and family history of hypertension (HTN) and/or diabetes, resting BP, and BP response to exercise stress testing were measured in the study.
RESULTS
Amongst 150 subjects, 63 (42%) subjects were normotensive and 87 (58%) were prehypertensive. Body mass index, WHR, WC and family history of HTN were significantly higher in prehypertensive group. Prehypertensive group also had an exaggerated BP response to exercise stress testing and higher BP during recovery.
CONCLUSION
Prevalence of prehypertension was found to be high in females, also there was a strong correlation between prehypertension and BMI, WHR and WC suggesting a positive correlation between obesity and prehypertension. Prehypertensive group also showed an exaggerated BP response to exercise stress testing.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Humans; India; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio; Young Adult
PubMed: 22664811
DOI: 10.1016/S0019-4832(12)60087-X -
American Journal of Hypertension Apr 2020The study was performed to investigate the impact of prehypertension defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation,...
BACKGROUND
The study was performed to investigate the impact of prehypertension defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a Chinese rural cohort.
METHODS
The epidemiological prospective cohort study included 38,765 participants aged ≥35 years followed for a median of 12.5 years-divided into normal BP (n = 7,366), prehypertension (n = 18,095), and hypertension groups (n = 13,304)-were enrolled for the final analysis. Follow-up for MACE including cardiovascular disease (CVD) death, stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) was conducted. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
The age and sex-adjusted incidence of MACE and its subtypes rose progressively with elevation of BP levels (P < 0.001). After adjusting multivariable Cox proportional hazards, significant increases were observed from the prehypertensive group for incident MACE (HR = 1.337, 95% CI: 1.186-1.508, P < 0.001), CVD mortality (HR = 1.331, 95% CI: 1.109-1.597, P = 0.002), and stroke (HR = 1.424, 95% CI:1.237-1.639, P < 0.001) but not MI (P > 0.05) compared with normal BP.
CONCLUSION
Prehypertensive individuals had a greater risk of incident MACE, CVD mortality, and stroke, implying that improvements in BP monitoring and early intervention in individuals with prehypertension in rural China are urgently needed.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rural Health; Time Factors
PubMed: 32030405
DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa019 -
Hypertension Research : Official... Jul 2016High blood viscosity is associated with increased peripheral resistance and high blood pressure (BP). Prehypertension refers to a systemic BP of 120-139 mm Hg...
High blood viscosity is associated with increased peripheral resistance and high blood pressure (BP). Prehypertension refers to a systemic BP of 120-139 mm Hg systolic (SBP) and/or 80-89 mm Hg diastolic (DBP). Subjects with prehypertension have an increased risk of overt hypertension and incident cardiovascular disease compared with subjects who have optimal BP. In the present study, we investigated the hemorheological profiles of subjects with prehypertension. A total of 418 apparently healthy subjects were enrolled. BP, plasma lipids and glucose were measured using routine methods. Blood and plasma viscosity were measured using a cone-plate viscometer. The participants were grouped according to BP into the following categories: 'normotensive' (n=100), 'prehypertensive' (n=172), and 'hypertensive' (n=146). The blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit of the prehypertensive subjects were higher than those of the normotensive subjects (P<0.01), but they were comparable to those of the hypertensive subjects. In simple correlation analyses, SBP and DBP were directly and significantly correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, hematocrit, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity. In multiple regression analyses, age, fasting blood glucose and plasma viscosity were independently related with SBP, whereas blood viscosity, fasting blood glucose and BMI significantly predicted DBP. These data demonstrate that BP in the range of so-called prehypertension is accompanied by important hemorheological changes, which are similar to those observed in people with overt hypertension. These results could explain the increased cardiovascular risk observed in these subjects as well as their susceptibility to hypertension.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Viscosity; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Disease Susceptibility; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26911233
DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.20 -
Journal of Epidemiology 2011Prehypertension is common in China and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study estimated the current prevalence of...
BACKGROUND
Prehypertension is common in China and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study estimated the current prevalence of prehypertension and its association with clustering of other modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) among adults in suburban Beijing.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 19 003 suburban adults aged 18 to 76 years was carried out in 2007. Questionnaire data and information on blood pressure, anthropometric characteristics, and laboratory measurements were collected.
RESULTS
The age-standardized prevalence of prehypertension was 35.7% (38.2% in men and 31.8% in women) among adults in suburban Beijing. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and physical inactivity was higher in participants with prehypertension (26.7%, 4.8%, 34.3%, and 60.4%, respectively) as compared with normotensive participants (15.9%, 2.7%, 20.5%, and 29.1%, respectively), and in participants with hypertension as compared with those with prehypertension. Overall, 85.3%, 49.8%, and 17.8% of prehypertensive men had 1 or more, 2 or more, and 3 or more CRFs (overweight/obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, current smoking, and physical inactivity). These proportions were higher than those in normotensive men (81.5%, 45.1%, and 13.4%) and lower than those in men with hypertension (91.7%, 56.4%, 19.2%). Similar results were found when women with prehypertension were compared with women who were normotensive or hypertensive.
CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of prehypertension and clustering of other modifiable CRFs are common among prehypertensive adults in suburban Beijing. More-effective population-based lifestyle modifications are required to prevent progression to hypertension and reduce the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in China.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; China; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Suburban Health; Young Adult
PubMed: 21946627
DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110022 -
Acta Cardiologica Apr 2022Studies examining the association between levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and risk of prehypertension still remained controversial conclusions. Also, a quantitative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Studies examining the association between levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and risk of prehypertension still remained controversial conclusions. Also, a quantitative assessment of the dose-response association between them has not been reported. We aimed to quantitatively evaluate risk of prehypertension with levels of SUA based on observational study.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to December 3, 2019 for relevant studies. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. The possible linear or non-linear SUA-prehypertension association was modelled by restricted cubic splines.
RESULTS
We included 17 articles (17 studies) with a total of 79,358 participants and 34,591 cases of prehypertension. Compared with lowest levels of SUA, risk of prehypertension increased 46% (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28-1.66) for highest levels of SUA. For per 1 mg/dL increment in levels of SUA, risk of prehypertension increased by 12% (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.17). Also, we found evidence of a linear SUA-prehypertension association (=.368).
CONCLUSION
Elevated levels of SUA may be associated with increased risk of prehypertension. Present findings provide the evidence that lowering levels of SUA should be suggested in order to reduce the risk of prehypertension. More longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to clarify the optimal protective levels and whether reducing levels of SUA could prevent or control prehypertension and the progression of prehypertension to hypertension.
Topics: Humans; Hypertension; Medical History Taking; Observational Studies as Topic; Prehypertension; Risk Factors; Uric Acid
PubMed: 33683186
DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1878422 -
PloS One 2015The prevalence of prehypertension has increased in China, and prehypertension frequently progress to hypertension over a short time period; both have become public...
BACKGROUND
The prevalence of prehypertension has increased in China, and prehypertension frequently progress to hypertension over a short time period; both have become public health problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and blood pressure (BP) in China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted in China using a stratified random cluster sampling method. Sex-specific VAI quartile cut-off points were used as follows: 0.88, 1.41, 2.45 in males and 0.85, 1.33, 2.22 in females. Prehypertension and hypertension were each defined according to The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7) guidelines. A multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship among VAI, prehypertension and hypertension.
RESULTS
The ORs for prehypertension and hypertension in the upper quartiles of the VAI were 1.514 (1.074-2.133), P=0.018 and 1.660 (1.084-2.542), P=0.020, in males, after adjusting for age, education, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity, serum creatinine, fasting glucose, and plasma insulin. Following further adjustments for the above confounders, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes, the ORs for prehypertension and hypertension in the upper quartile of the VAI were 1.660 1.533 (1.086-2.165), P=0.015, and 1.743 (1.133-2.680), P=0.011, in males. The ORs for prehypertension and hypertension in the upper quartile of the VAI were 1.691 (1.223-2.338), P=0.001, and 1.682 (1.162-2.435), P=0.006, in females, after adjusting for age, education, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity, serum creatinine, fasting glucose, and plasma insulin. Following further adjustments for the above confounders, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes, the ORs for prehypertension and hypertension in the upper quartile of the VAI were 1.688 (1.220-2.334), P=0.002, and 1.657 (1.141-2.406), P=0.008, in females.
CONCLUSIONS
A higher VAI was positively associated with both prehypertension and hypertension in both males and females. It is both essential and urgent that clinicians take steps to control and prevent visceral adiposity.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Blood Pressure; China; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Intra-Abdominal Fat; Male; Middle Aged; Prehypertension; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25860643
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123414